Biochemicals and Reagents

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Cortisol (H714615) a topical corticosteroid, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland . Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.<br>References Vigore, L., et al.: Cancer Biol Ther.. 15. :699 (2014); Puurunen, J. et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94, 1973 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine Ammonium Salt is a metabolite of Acrylonitrile (AN) and acrylamide (AM); and are commonly used in the synthesis of plastics and polymers.<br>References van Bladeren, P., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 9, 246 (1981), Guengerich, F., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 4, 168 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Estradiol 17?-Hydroxy Impurity; Estradiol EP Impurity B; Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity L<br>Applications Estradiol (known as α-Estradiol or 17 α-Estradiol) is a biologically active estrogen in human breast cancer cells in tissue culture. 17-Εstradiol and its selective receptor, ER-X, are not part of a classical hormone/receptor endocrine system but of a system with important autocrine/paracrine functions in the developing and adult brain(1,2). 17-Estradiol may have enormous implications for hormone replacement strategies at the menopause and in the treatment of such neurodegenerative disorders as Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic stroke(3).This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br>References 1. Lievertz, R. et al.: J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1987 May;156(5):1289-932. Kuhnz, W. et al.: Arzneimittelforschung. 1993 Sep;43(9):966-73.3. Toran-Allerand, C. et al.: Endocrinology. 2005 Sep;146(9):3843-50.<br></p>

<p>Applications A heterobifunctional crosslinking reagent. Approximately 80% pure, contains EDTA.<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications An epoxide metabolite of acrylamide. It is neurotoxic and carcinogenic.<br>References Costa, L.G., et al.: Toxicology, 98, 151 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications A fluorinated DOPA analog.<br>References Leete, E., et al.: Phytochemistry, 10, 2687 (1971), Garnett, E., et al.: Nature, 305, 137 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dehydroabietal is an essential oil and found in the composition of seed extractives from various Abies and Picea species.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Falsca, A., et al.: Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 69, 166-175 (2016); Wajs-Bonikowska, A., et al.: Chem. Biodivers., 13, 1194-1201 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications This compound is an impurity in the synthesis of Etoricoxib (E934100), a specific inhibitor of COX-2 .<br>References McGeer, P.L., et al.: Exp. Gerontol., 37, 925 (2002), Chenevard, R., et al.: Circulation, 107, 405 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications Plant hormone; natural steroid containing a seven-membered B-ring lactone, that promotes both cell elongation and cell devision. Over ten brossinosteroids have been isolated and characterized from sources such as pollen, seedling, leaf. Used as plant growth regulator.<br>References Grove, M.D., et al.: Nature, 281, 216 (1979), Schlagnhaufer, C., et al.: Physiol. Plant., 60, 347 (1984), Wada, K., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 48, 719 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Rabeprazole EP Impurity I<br>Applications Rabeprazole Sulfone N-Oxide (Rabeprazole EP Impurity I) is a potential impurity of Rabeprazole (R070500) sodium.<br>References Fujisaki, H., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 42, 321 (1991), Morri, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 21553 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Phenyl(9H-purin-6-yl)amine (cas# 1210-66-8) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A mixture of 2 metabolites of Styrene. The 2 regioisomers are in a roughly 3: 1ratio<br>References Ryan, A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 5, 363 (1977), Delbressine, L., et al.: Xenobiotica, 11, 589 (1981), Truchon, G., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 14, 227 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications Oleuropein is a tyrosol ester derivative of elenolic acid and phenolic glycoside found in olive oil. Oleuropein shows antioxidant, anti-ischemic and hypolipidemic activity. Oleuropein has also been used as an immunomodulator .<br>References Speroni, E. et al.: Phytother. Res., 12, S98 (1998); Andreadou, I. et al.: J. Nutrit., 136, 2213 (2006):;Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J. et al.: Shock, 26, 410 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) Sodium Salt is useful for various surfactant applications.<br>References Mansour, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., et al.: 96, 377 (2006); Dudia, A., et al.: Nano Lett., 8, 1105 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications Glycolithocholic Acid Sodium Salt is a bile salt and may induce calcium uptake in human erythrocytes.<br>References Oelberg, D.G., et al.: Hepatology, 7 245-52 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Applications An endogenous antidiuretic hormone in most mammalian species. It is released into the blood from nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary and median eminence. It is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and also implicated in a variety of physiological processes such as regulating water balance by antidiuretic action. It is a peptidic V1a receptor agonist that produces vasoconstriction via V1aR-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and is being used to increase blood pressure in septic shock, a form of vasodilatory hypotension.<br>References Perucca, J. et al.: J. AM. Soc. Nephrol., 19, 1721 (2008); Toba, K. et al.: Prog. Brain Res., 119, 337 (1998); Berrada, K. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 27229 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications Thyroxine 4’-O-Sulfate Disodium Salt, is a metabolite and sulfoconjugated derivative of Thyroxine (T425600).<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Maackiain (CAS# 2035-15-6) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Substrate for fluorometric assay of ß-D-galactosidase<br></p>

<p>Applications UDP-3-O-[R-3-Hydroxymyristoyl]-N-[R-3-hydroxymyristoyl] Glucosamine Tris Salt is the salt version of [2(R),3(R)]-P'-[2-Deoxy-3-O-(3-hydroxy-1-oxotetradecyl)-2-[(3-hydroxy-1-oxotetradecyl)amino]-α-D-glucopyranosyl] Ester Uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate) (CAS 90293-60-0) which can be used in biological study for reconstruction of metabolic network in bovine mammary gland tissue. Potent drug or API metabolite.<br>References Wang, C., et al.: Mol. Biol. Rep., 39, 7311-7318 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Nitrotetrazolium Blue Chloride is a Tetrazolium dye used in colorimetric assays. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Berridge, Michael V., et al.: Biotechnol. Annu. Rev., 11, 127 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A phytosterol content in plant food which showed hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects in hypercholesterolemic overweight volunteers. Used in the treatment of metabolic disorders.<br>References Kasamo, K., et al.: Plant Physiol., 93, 1049 (1990), Davey, M., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 80, 825 (2000), Nomura, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 17873 (2005), Matos, L., et al.: Food Chem., 102, 406 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications As a dye for wool and silks; as colorant in food, drugs, and cosmetics. In biochemistry as an adsorption-elution indicator for chloride estimations. Tartrazine (otherwise known as E number E102, C.I. 19140, or FD&amp;C Yellow 5) is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food coloring. Tartrazine appears to cause the most allergic and intolerance reactions of all the azo dyes, particularly among asthmatics and those with an aspirin intolerance. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.A recent report has shown that Tartrazine may be useful in 3D bio-printing of organ-like architectures.<br>References Rowe, K.S., et al.: J. Pedriatics, 125, 691 (1994), Tanaka, T., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 44, 179 (2006); Chem. and Eng News Page 4 May 6, 2019<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Hydroxyquinoline (cas# 580-20-1) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Oxythiamine HCl (cas# 136-16-3) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A carnitine ester of unsaturated fatty acid. Used in the studies of fibroblasts in long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and fatty acid oxidation disorders.<br>References Gross R.W., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 258, 5221 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Provisionally listed for use in food, drugs and cosmetics. Sunset Yellow is useful in fermented foods which must be heat treated. It may be found in orange sodas, orange jelly, marzipan, Swiss rolls, apricot jam, citrus marmalade, lemon curd, sweets, hot chocolate mix and packet soups, trifle mix, breadcrumbs, snack chips, shelf fresh noodles, cheese sauce mixes. Sunset Yellow is a sulfonated version of Sudan I, a possible carcinogen. Sunset Yellow itself may be responsible for causing an allergic reaction in people with an aspirin intolerance, resulting in various symptoms, including gastric upset, diarrhea, vomiting, nettle rash (urticaria), swelling of the skin (angioedema) and migraines. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br>References Radomski, J.L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 136, 259 (1962), Gaunt, I.F., et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 5, 747 (1967),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Adenosine monophosphate is useful for skin rejuvenation in dermatology and aesthetic dermatology.<br>References Watanabe, M., et al.: Arch. Dermatol., 127, 1689 (1991), Engelke, M., et al.: Br. J. Dermatol., 137, 219 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Homocysteine is the stereoisomer of L-Homocystine, increased levels lead to hyperhomocysteinemia; a cardiovascular risk factor in prediction of coronary heart disease as well as being associated with congenital birth defects, pregnancy complications and cancer.<br>References Geisel, J. et al.: Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 41, 1513 (2003); Geisel, J. et al.: Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 41, 1513 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5,6-Dihydrothymine is a derivative of Thymine, a nucleobase in the nucleic acid of DNA . 5,6-Dihydrothymine is a radiolysis product of DNA.<br>References Hubbard, K. et al.: Biochemistry, 28, 4382 (1989); Cadet, J. et al.: Int. J. Rad. Biol. Rel. Stud. Phys. Chem. Med., 39, 119 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Olmesartan EP Impurity B/ Olmesartan Medoximil USP Related Compound A<br>Applications Olmesartan Lactone Impurity (Olmesartan EP Impurity B) is a cyclic ester impurity of Olmesartan (O550000).<br></p>

<p>Applications Succinyladenosine (S-Ado) is a biochemical marker of adenylosuccinase deficiency - the genetic defect of purine de novo synthesis.  S-Ado has been previously reported as normally undetectable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children not suffering from this defect.<br>References Wevers, R., et al.: Clin. Chem., 41, 744 (1995), Nassogne, M., et al.: Brain Dev., 22, 383 (2000), Jurecka, A., et al.: Mol. Genet., 94, 435 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications An enzyme inhibitor.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-L-cystine is an antioxidant, used in the treatment of influenza A virus pandemic (1). N-Acetyl-L-cystine promotes fertilization by reducing disulfide bonds in zona pellucida of mouse (2).Releases N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, which is an antidote for paracetamol poisoning.<br>References (1) Zhang, R., et al.: (2014) Int. Immunopharmacol. 22: 1-8 (2) Takeo, T., et al.: Biol Reprod. (2015) 92: 1-7<br></p>

<p>Applications Glyceryl Tritridecanoate is used in cosmetics that stimulates the growth of hair and skin.<br>References Adachi, K., et al.: Eur. Pat. Appl. (1985), EP 129778 A2 19850102.; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (1984), JP 59027809 A 19840214.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5β-Cholanic Acid-3α, 6β-Diol is a cholesterol derivative; Plasma lipophilic biomarkers in rats. Also, it is one of two major metabolites from the hydroxylation of hepatic lithocholic acid catalyzed by Cyp3a/Cyp3a11 enzymes in mice.<br>References Mayengbam, S., et al.: Eur. J. Nutr., 55, 1213-1223 (2016); Hrycay, E., et al.: Mol. Cell. Biochem., 389, 119-132 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Dehydro Androsterone is an Androsterone (A637535) analogue.<br>References Amann, R., et al.: Life Sci., 49, 849 (1991), Bevan, S., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 107, 544 (1992), Baulieu, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 81, 3147 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol. Cholesterol oxidation product having cytotoxicity effects.<br>References Higley, N., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 983 (1984), Emanuel, H., et al.: J. Food Sci., 56, 843 (1991), Kilsdonk, E., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 505 (1995), Cantwell, H., et al.: Cell Biol. Toxicol., 14, 401 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications A triterpenoid known for its anti-inflammatory properties, is commonly present in several medicinal plants. Inhibits secretory phospholipase A2.<br>References Andrikopoulos, N., et al.: J. Med. Food, 5, 1 (2002), Lanteri, S., et al.: Food Chem., 76, 501 (2002), Rodriguez-Rodriguez, R., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 155, 535 (2008), Sotiroudis, T., et al.: Eur. J. Nutr, 47, 69 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isodeoxycholic Acid is used for comprehensive bile acid profiling in hereditary intrahepatic cholestasis.<br>References Liu, T., et al.: Liver Int. 38, 1676 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-(4-Cyanophenyl)-glycine (cas# 42288-26-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Veratrole is common reagent in organic synthesis such as the synthesis of arizonins B1 and C1. Also used in the synthesis of pharmacophores of salmeterol and roflumilast as dual β2-adrenoreceptor agonists-PDE4 inhibitors.<br>References Fernandes, R. et al.: Tetrahedron: Asymm., 24, 1548 (2013); Liu, A. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 1548 (2013);<br></p>