Diterpenes (C₂₀)

Steviolbioside is a natural sweetener, it presents notable inhibition on human hepatocarcinoma cell Hep3B, human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and human pancreatic cancer cell BxPC-3, thus, steviolbioside could be a potential remedy for human breast cancer. Steviolbioside also exhibits moderate antituberculosis activity against M. tuberculosis strain H37RV in vitro.

Bruceantin has antiviral activity, it can inhibit pepper mottle virus in pepper; it also shows high antimalarial activity. Bruceantin is an effective agent in controlling the proliferation, viability and migration of multiple myeloma cancer stem cells (CSCs) as well as angiogenesis in vitro. Bruceantin exhibits NF-κB p65 inhibition, and cytotoxic potential against HT-29, HeLa, and HL-60 cells .

Continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid are quality control markers in Aralia continentalis. Continentalic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities, it shows moderate cytotoxicity against A-549 (lung), THP-1 (leukemia) and MCF-7 (breast) cell lines; it has minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of approximately 8-16 microg/mL against S. aureus, including the MSSA and MRSA standard strains.

Ginkgolide C is a potent inhibitor of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation, it may increase intracellular cAMP and cGMP production and MMP-9 activity, inhibit intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and TXA(2) production. Ginkgolide C has anti-adipogenic and ameliorating Alzheimer disease effects; it also can increase△LVP significantly,enhances the myocardial systolic and diastolic function of rats,but has no significant effect on HR while it shows inotropic activity.

Triptophenolide is a natural product from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.

Rebaudioside D is a potential sweetener. Rebaudioside D shows similar stability when exposed to simulate stomach and small intestine fluids, with susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation by enteric bacteria collected from the cecum.

Bruceine A has antibabesial activity, it can inhibit the in vitro growth of Babesia gibsoni in canine erythrocytes at lower concentration and kill the parasites within 24 hr at a concentration of 25 nM; it show strong antitrypanosomal activities with IC(50) values in the range of 2.9-17.8nM. Bruceine A has anthelmintic activity, it exhibits significant activity against Dactylogyrus intermedius with EC(50) values of 0.49 mg/L. Bruceine A exhibits NF-κB p65 inhibition, and cytotoxic potential against HT-29, HeLa, and HL-60 cells .