Phenylpropanoids

<p>(E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid, from Etlingera pavieana, inhibits α-glucosidase, protects liver, boosts cognition, and lowers blood sugar.</p>

Isorosmanol possesses antioxidant, neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects, it might be useful in ageing disorders such as the declining of cognitive functions and hyperpigmentation.

Rosmanol has antioxidant activity, it can activate the antioxidant response element, it also has biphasic modulation of GABAA receptors, demonstrates CNS activity in mouse models of antinociception, antidepressant and anxiolysis. Rosmanol exhibits significant cytotoxicity towards the neuroblastoma cells, it potently induces apoptosis through both the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and death receptor pathway in human colon adenocarcinoma COLO 205 cells.Rosmanol has anti-inflammatory activity, it potently inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression through downregulating MAPK, NF-kappaB, STAT3 and C/EBP signaling pathways.

Rosmarinic acid is a naturally occurring hydroxylated compound, it is present in many plants, such as Artemisia capillaris , Calendulla officinalis; it shows antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity, can produce anxiolytic-like effect without exerting locomotor alterations or DNA damage in brain tissue.

Methyl rosmarinate shows antioxidative, and antifungal activities. It has inhibitory activities against tyrosinase, α-glucosidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).