Natural and semi-synthetic antibiotics

<p>Applications Tacrolimus Hydrate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ogasawara, M., et al.: Mod. Rheumatol., 22, 831-836 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications A key intermediate in the manufacturing of Cephalosporin compounds.<br>References Choi, K., et al.: J. Antibio., 50, 279 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fosfomycin EP-Impurity A<br>Applications P-[(1R,2R)-1,2-Dihydroxypropyl]-phosphonic Acid is a Fosfomycin (F727500) impurity. Fosfomycin is an antibiotic that exerts a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References McGrath, J.W., et al.: Org. Biomolec. Chem., 7, 9 (1944); Goto, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 393 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Applications Rifampicin N-4’-Oxide is a metabolite of Rifampicin (R508000).<br>References Gryaznova, N.S. et al.: Curr. Chemother. Immunother., Proc. Int. Congr. Chemother., 12, 984 (1982); Subbotina, N.A. et al.: Antibiotiki, 24, 590 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the preparation of Moxifloxacin derivatives.<br>References Zhang, Z., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14, 393 (2004), Zhang, Z., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 7274 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications PNU 142586 Sodium Salt is an inactive metabolite of Linezolid (L466500).<br>References Shinabarger, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 2132 (1997), Wynalda, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1014 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 25-Deacetyl-23-acetyl Rifampicin is a structural isomer, and impurity, of Rifampicin (R508000), a semisynthetic antibiotic. Antibacerial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Furesz, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 16, 316 (1970), Gallo, G.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 467 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fourth generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Kavi, J., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 22, 911 (1988), Horstmann, G., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 40, 1250 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride EP Impurity A<br>Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in solution<br>Applications A metabolite of Oxytetracycline (OTC); also a Tetracycline analogue as inhibitor of amyloid fibrils.<br>References Eisner, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 142, 122 (1963), Nelis, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 10, 142 (1982), Boecker, R., et al.: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 9, 813 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Kanamycin (K137500) derivative as synthetic byproduct of Amikacin (A578500).<br>References Kawaguchi, H., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 25, 695 (1972), Naito, T., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 26, 297 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefaclor EP Impurity B<br>Applications 7-Amino-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic Acid (Cefaclor EP Impurity B) is used as an intermediate in the preparation of semi-synthetic cephalosprin antibiotics (1) such as cefachlor (2).<br>References 1. Yang, L. et el.: Biotechnol. Lett., 2003 Jul;25(14):1195-82. Zhang, Y. et al.: Biocatal. Biotransform., 2007 Jul;59(1):59-64<br></p>

<p>Applications Tilmicosin-d3 is the labeled analogue of Tilmicosin (T440500), a macrolide antibiotic structurally related to tylosin. Antibacterial.<br>References Debono, M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 42, 1253 (1989); Ose, E.E., et al.: Vet. Rec., 123, 367 (1988); Morck, D.W., et al.: J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 202, 273 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications An antibacterial. A broad spectrum, orally absorbed third generation cephalosporin, ester prodrug of the active free acid metabolite, Cefpodoxime.<br>References Fujimoto, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 40, 370 (1987), Utsui, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1085 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ciprofloxacin EP Impurity A; Enrofloxacin impurity A<br>Applications 7-Chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic Acid (Ciprofloxacin EP Impurity A) is a metabolite of Ciprofloxacin, a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Siefert, H.M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 36, 1496 (1986), Zhi, C., J. Med. Chem., 49, 1455 (2006), Trefi, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 44, 743 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tildipirosin is a novel 16-membered-ring macrolide used in veterinary medicine. Tildipirosin treats bacterial pathogens including Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida that cause respiratory tract infections in cattle and swine (BRD Bovine Respiratory Disease).<br>References Rose, M. et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., (2012); Anderson, N.M. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Antibiotic substance classified in the erythromycin-carbomycin group.<br>References Sous, H., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 8, 386 (1958), Mitscher, et al.: J. Antibiot., 26, 55 (1973)<br></p>

<p>Aztreonam impurity D is a metabolite of aztreonam. Aztreonam impurity D is an impurity standard for the pharmacopoeia and API industry, as well as for drug development and research. It has been shown that this compound inhibits bacterial growth by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby preventing transcription and replication. The high frequency of human activity has been shown using a patch-clamp technique on human erythrocytes. This active form is metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations, including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. Aztreonam impurity D also specifically binds to markers expressed at high levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (e.g., ESX-1 secretion system protein) and inhibits cell growth in culture.</p>

<p>Cefdinir impurity E is a research and development, impurity standard, custom synthesis, drug product, synthetic, high purity, pharmacopoeia, drug development and analytical standard. CAS No. 946573-41-7 is the metabolite of cefdinir. It is used to study metabolism of cefdinir in vitro and in vivo. HPLC standards are available for this compound.</p>

<p>(R)-3-(3-Fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one (FPH) is a synthetic drug product that is used as an impurity standard in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. It is also used in metabolism studies and research and development. FPH has been shown to be a metabolite of the drug product, 3-(3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one, which is classified as an API impurity for pharmacopoeia purposes. FPH has a molecular formula of C11H14FO2N2O and a molecular weight of 222.26 g/mol. The CAS number for FPH is 168828-82-8.</p>

<p>N-((-3-(3-Fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl)methyl) acetamide is a custom synthesis, drug product, niche, Metabolite, Drug Development, CAS No. 224323-50-6. It is a natural compound and has pharmacopoeia and API impurity. It is an analytical standard for HPLC and research and development. It is a high purity synthetic with impurity standard.</p>

<p>Micafungin impurity B is a natural metabolite of micafungin. It is a synthetic impurity standard used in HPLC analysis. Micafungin impurity B has been shown to be the primary metabolite of micafungin in humans and is excreted in the urine and feces. Metabolism studies have shown that it may be formed by oxidation of the hydroxyl group at position C-3 or by hydrolysis of the amide bond between carbons C-4 and C-5.</p>

<p>Ceftazidime impurity B is a ceftazidime impurity that is found in the drug Ceftazidime. Ceftazidime is an antibiotic that belongs to the group of cephalosporin antibiotics and inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Ceftazidime impurity B has been shown to be toxic to gram-positive bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus, but not to gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. In addition, it has been shown to have no effect on the IL-2 receptor of T cells or the binding of penicillin-binding protein. It has also been shown to be safe for injection into mice and rats in toxicity studies.</p>

<p>3-N-didesmethyl-3-N-tosyl azithromycin is an impurity of azithromycin. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in methanol and acetone, but insoluble in water. 3-N-didesmethylazithromycin has been shown to be a metabolite of azithromycin, which can be found as an impurity in the drug product.</p>

<p>(S)-5-((tert-Butylamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one is a drug product with CAS No. 1215006-08-8, which is a metabolite of Fluoxetine. It is an impurity standard for Fluoxetine and has been used as a reference compound in metabolism studies. (S)-5-((tert-Butylamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one is also an analytical reagent that can be used to calibrate HPLC systems.</p>

<p>Erythromycin impurity M is a natural, API impurity (impurity standard) that is a metabolite of erythromycin. It has been synthesized as a high purity HPLC standard to meet the requirements of pharmacopoeia and drug development. Erythromycin impurity M is an analytical reference material with CAS number 528-73-2.</p>

<p>Cefadroxil is a cephalosporin antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections. Cefadroxil is metabolized into cefadroxil dimer, an impurity found in the drug product. The impurity standard for cefadroxil dimer was developed by HPLC and has been tested for use as a reference material and can be used in metabolism studies. This impurity standard has been shown to have a purity of 98%.</p>

<p>This product is a metabolite of the drug product and impurity standard. It has been synthesized as a custom synthesis to meet the needs of research and development, pharmacopoeia, or natural products. This compound is an API impurity that has been characterized by HPLC. The purity of this product is high, with a minimum purity of 98%.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Minocycline EP Impurity H including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Tacrolimus is a macrolide antibiotic that binds to the calcineurin receptor and inhibits the production of cytokines. It is used to treat certain types of autoimmunity and hyperproliferation in patients with cancer, organ transplant recipients, and those who have undergone radiation therapy. The drug is available in two forms: tacrolimus (the natural form) and desmethyl tacrolimus (a metabolite). Desmethyl tacrolimus is produced by microbial transformation, which converts the natural form into a more water-soluble derivative. This conversion can be prevented by adding additives such as proton pump inhibitors or pde5 inhibitors. Symptoms of tacrolimus include hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, fever, skin rash, diarrhea, and anemia. Tacrolimus has been shown to inhibit the activity of fk506-binding proteins in vitro and in vivo through competitive inhibition.</p>

<p>Cefazolin impurity A is a by-product in the synthesis of Cefazolin, which is a drug product. It has CAS No. 30246-33-4 and is used as an impurity standard for analytical purposes. The Impurity Standard is also known as Metabolite A. Research and Development (R&amp;D) studies are needed to identify the appropriate analytical impurities for this API, which will be reported on Pharmacopoeia's List of Impurities for reference. The high purity and custom synthesis of this API makes it ideal for use in R&amp;D studies, HPLC standards, or niche markets.<br>CAS No.: 30246-33-4<br>Synonyms: Metabolite A<br>Formula: C11H14N2O5S <br>Molecular weight: 289.24 g/mol <br>Appearance: white solid powder</p>

<p>5-((tert-Butylamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-(2-morpholinyl)phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one (5FAMPO) is a metabolite of the drug product, CAS No. 109467-92-6, and has been synthesized for use as an analytical reference standard and impurity standard in drug development studies. 5FAMPO is a synthetic molecule that has not been found in nature, but is structurally similar to natural molecules. 5FAMPO is metabolized by CYP450 enzymes to produce 2-(tert-butylamino)-4'-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA), which can be quantified by HPLC analysis. 5FAMPO is also used as a research and development compound and pharmacopoeia impurity standard.</p>

<p>CAS No. 37450-78-5, drug product, Custom synthesis, High purity, analytical, Metabolism studies, Natural, Drug development, pharmacopoeia, Metabolite, niche, Synthetic</p>

<p>Clarithromycin EP Impurity K is an impurity standard for Clarithromycin in the form of a crystalline white powder. It is a synthetic compound which has been used as a drug product and as an analytical standard. This compound can be synthesized from erythromycin A, but it is not active against bacteria. Clarithromycin EP Impurity K has been shown to have metabolite properties in animals and humans, including metabolism studies with HPLC standards.</p>

<p>3-(4-(4-Morpholinyl)phenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one is an impurity in the drug development process. It is used as a standard for HPLC testing and a synthetic intermediate. It has been shown to have niche use in the pharmaceutical industry. 3-(4-(4-Morpholinyl)phenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one has been found to be metabolized through oxidation and reduction reactions, leading to the formation of metabolites such as 2,6-dihydroxypyridine (DHP). Further metabolism studies are required for this substance.</p>

<p>N-tert-butyl-N-(((S)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide (CAS 1215006-11, API impurity) is a synthetic compound from the drug development process. This impurity has been identified in the natural product and is not an active ingredient. It is found as a Metabolite in the pharmacopoeia and analytical methods. This substance is used for research and development of drugs, such as for standardizing HPLC.</p>

<p>N-(((5R)-3-(3-Fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl)methyl)acetamide (LFMAPO) is an antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the active site of bacterial DNA gyrase. LFMAPO has a molecular weight of 552.2 Da and a log P value of 2.6. It was synthesized from acetamide, 3-fluoroaniline, and 4-(4-morpholinyl)benzaldehyde in 60% yield using techniques such as millimolar stoichiometry, electrophoresis method, binding constants, and molecular modeling study. The drug also has chiral properties with two stereocenters at carbons C1 and C5 that have been shown to be important for the activity of this compound against Gram positive bacteria.</p>

<p>3'-N,N-Didesmethyl-N-(methoxycarbonyl) azithromycin is a research and development impurity standard. It is synthesized by reacting 3-desacetylazithromycin with methoxycarbonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. This product has been tested for purity by HPLC. CAS No. 16892-65-2</p>

<p>Terbinafine is an antifungal agent that belongs to the family of medicines. It is used to treat fungal infections of the skin, nails and scalp. Terbinafine can also be used to treat other types of fungal infections, such as tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea pedis (athlete's foot) and tinea capitis (scalp ringworm). Terbinafine dimer impurity dihydrochloride is a by-product of terbinafine hydrochloride that has been shown to have industrial applications as a dispersant or lubricant in industries such as papermaking.</p>

<p>Tacrolimus Impurity 6 is a product that is custom-synthesized by our company. It is a high purity, analytical standard used in the study of drug metabolism. This impurity can be found in the natural form and as a synthetic compound. It has been shown to act as an inhibitor of protein synthesis, which may be due to its inhibition of methionine synthase activity.</p>

<p>Ciprofloxacin impurity A is an analog of ciprofloxacin and is a pharmaceutical preparation that belongs to the class of fluoroquinolones. It has been shown to be active against P. aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria in wastewater treatment systems. Ciprofloxacin impurity A is activated by ethylene diamine and can be eluted with acidic solvents. It also inhibits tumor cell line growth through adsorption mechanism and is used as a drug for cancer chemoprevention in combination with malic acid.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Amikacin EP impurity G including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Roxithromycin impurity E is a metabolite of roxithromycin. It is a yellow powder with a melting point of about 130°C and a molecular weight of 226.14g/mol. Roxithromycin impurity E has been shown to be an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, as well as an inducer of CYP1A2. This impurity can be used for the research and development of roxithromycin, as well as production of analytical standards for HPLC analysis.</p>

<p>(R)-3-(3-Fluoro-4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl)methyl methansulfonate is a Custom synthesis, drug product, Metabolite, Synthetic, Drug development, Impurity standard, Metabolism studies, API impurity, Natural, pharmacopoeia, analytical and HPLC standard. It is CAS No. 174649-09-3.</p>

<p>3-(3-Fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one is a synthetic compound with research and development, impurity standard, custom synthesis, drug product, synthetic, high purity and pharmacopoeia applications. It is an impurity standard for the production of 3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one hydrochloride (CAS No. 513068-96-7). This compound has been synthesized in order to study the metabolism of this metabolite. Metabolism studies have indicated that 3-(3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2 one is rapidly metabolized to form 3-[3-[(1S)-1,2,2</p>

<p>Erythromycin impurity N is a natural metabolite of erythromycin. It is a metabolite of erythromycin that has been identified in the metabolism studies of this drug product. Erythromycin impurity N is an analytical standard for use in pharmaceutical research and development, as well as in the pharmacopoeia. The CAS number for this compound is 527-56-8.</p>

<p>9-Oxo azithromycin B is a metabolite of azithromycin. It is an analytical standard for the HPLC analysis of azithromycin and its metabolites. 9-Oxo azithromycin B has been shown to bind to the ribosomes of bacteria, and inhibit protein synthesis. This drug also has antibiotic activity against Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 9-Oxo azithromycin B can be used in niche research or as an API impurity.br&gt;<br>br&gt;<br>br&gt;</p>

<p>Roxithromycin impurity K is a custom synthesis that is used as a research and development tool. It is not intended for use in drug products. Roxithromycin impurity K has been shown to have effects similar to those of roxithromycin, but with different metabolic pathways and properties. Roxithromycin impurity K has been shown to be metabolized through the cytochrome P450 system, which may result in the production of metabolites that are more potent than roxithromycin itself.</p>

<p>Desethylene ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is a metabolite of ciprofloxacin that is converted to the active form of the drug. Desethylene ciprofloxacin hydrochloride has a concentration-response relationship, which can be used for in vitro testing of pharmaceutical preparations. The chromatographic evaluation of this metabolite can be used to identify the presence of antibiotics in environmental samples. Desethylene ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is also a substrate for carbonyl reductase and piperazine, which are enzymes that produce an activated form of the metabolite.</p>

<p>Amikacin EP Impurity A is a metabolite of amikacin. It is a white crystalline substance with a molecular weight of 269.5. Amikacin EP Impurity A is found in the urine and bile of individuals who have been administered amikacin. It has been shown to be pharmacologically active, inhibiting bacterial growth by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby preventing transcription and replication.</p>

<p>Caspofungin impurity C is a high-purity, chromatographically pure, caspofungin impurity. It was isolated by chromatography and was found to have a retention time of 12.5 minutes on the chromatogram. The impurity is thought to be an organic compound with a molecular weight of 437.2 and may be due to the presence of an acetyl group or hydroxyl group.</p>

<p>N-(((5S)-3-(4-(4-Morpholinyl)phenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl)methyl) acetamide is an impurity of the antibiotic linezolid. It is a contaminant that can be found in urine and blood samples. N-(((5S)-3-(4-(4-Morpholinyl)phenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl)methyl) acetamide has been shown to be amyloidogenic, meaning it can form plaques in the brain and lead to Alzheimer's disease.</p>

<p>2H,5H-Pyrano[4,3-b]pyranyl mupirocin sodium impurity is an impurity standard that has been custom synthesized for research and development purposes. It has a CAS number of 116182-44-6, which is the same as the parent compound. 2H,5H-Pyrano[4,3-b]pyranyl mupirocin sodium impurity is a metabolite of Mupirocin Sodium (CAS No. 99765-92-8). This impurity has been used in pharmacopoeia drug development and for analytical studies such as HPLC.</p>

<p>Cephalosporin impurity is an industrial by-product that is generated during the production of cephalosporins. It is a white powder that has no known toxicological effects. Cephalosporin impurity can be used as a supplement in inoculated soil to increase the yield of cephalosporium, which is a fungus that produces cephalosporins.</p>

<p>Applications FR 179642 is an impurity of Micafungin (M342350), a lipopeptide compound that acts as an antifungal agent with activity against Aspergillus and Candida species.<br>References Denning, D., et al.: J. Infection, 53, 337 (2006); Queiroz-Telles, F., et al.: Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 27, 820 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Desacetyl-N,O-descarbonyl Linezolid is an impurity of Linezolid (L466500); an oxazolidinone antimicrobial that inhibits bacterial mRNA translation.<br>References Brickner, S.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 673 (1996); Ford, C.W., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40, 1508 (1996); Rybak, M.J., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 18, 456 (1998); Stevens, D.L., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 34, 1481 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-[4-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]phenol is a key intermediate in the synthesis of triazole medicines, such as itraconazole (I937500), which are used in curing deep department fungal infections. Inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation.<br>References Ke, C. et al.: Adv. Nat. Sci., 2, 26 (2009); Shi, W. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 54, 7363 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Cyclopropyl-8-ethoxy-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester is used in the preparation of alkoxyquinolone antibacterial agents. Also an impurity in the synthesis of Moxifloxacin (M745000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Sanchez, J. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 4478 (1995); Woodcock, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 101 (1997), Stass, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 2060 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Amoxicillin trimer Trisodium Salt, is an impurity of Amoxicillin (A634235), a β-lactam family antibiotic that is commonly used in conjunction with clavulanic acid (C56370) to the treat bacterial infections.<br>References Gurwith, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 24, 716 (1983); Kumar, A., et al.: J. Mater. Chem., 20, 10152 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 8-Epitacrolimus is a new l-pipecolic acid macrolide lactone, an important immunosuppressive drug that blocks T cell proliferation in vitro by inhibiting the generation of several lymphokines, especially IL-2. 8-Epitacrolimus is also an Epimer of Tacrolimus (F370000).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Skytte, D.M., et al.: J. Nat. Prod.,73, 776 (2010); Rokaw, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 271, C194 (1996); Knoll, G.A., and Bell, R.C.: Brit. Med. J., 318, 1104 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Chloramphenicol stearate is an antibiotic useful for the therapy of numbers of bacterial infections. This includes an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis.</p>

<p>Caspofungin impurity A is an impurity found in caspofungin, a drug used to treat fungal infections. Caspofungin impurity A has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth and is thought to be responsible for the bactericidal activity of caspofungin.</p>

<p>Ceftezole: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, anti-diabetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic for gram-positive/negative bacteria.</p>

<p>Chloramphenicol palmitate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against various bacteria and used for bacterial selection in gene studies.</p>

<p>L-(+)-Ampicillin is an isomer of Ampicillin. Ampicillin is a β-lactam antibiotic used for treating bacterial infections.</p>

<p>Applications Protected Penicillamin.<br>References Klingstroem, J., et al.: Eur. J. Immunol., 36, 2649 (2006), Atyabi, F., et al.: J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 9, 4593 (2009), Yip, K., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 156, 1279 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Flucloxacillin EP Impurity D<br>Applications 3-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic Acid (Flucloxacillin EP Impurity D) is an impurity of Flucloxacillin (F419200), a new semisynthetic penicillin with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br>References Macsari, I., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 3871 (2011); Cui, Y., et al.: Curr. Sci., 89, 531 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications A tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid with antitumor activity isolated from the Caribbean tunicate, Ecteinascidin turbinata. It is the first marine anticancer agent approved in the European Union for patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Antineoplastic.<br>References Sakai, R., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 89, 11456 (1992), Aune, G., et al.: Anticancer Drugs, 13, 545 (2002), Herrero, A., et al.: Cancer Res., 66, 8155 (2006), Sugasawa, K., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 29, 455 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lovastatin-d9, is the labeled analogue of Lovastatin (L472225), an antihypercholesterolemic agent. A fungal metabolite, which is a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.<br>References Bilheimer, D.W., et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 80, 4124 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Bromo-2-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine is an intermediate in the synthesis of Tedizolid (T013750), an known oral and intravenous antibiotic.<br>References Xin, Q. S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 54, 7493 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Flucloxacillin EP Impurity B<br>Applications Flucloxacillin Penilloic Acid (Flucloxacillin EP Impurity B) is a degradation product/impurity of Flucloxacillin (F419200).<br>References Aboul K.A., et al.: Anal. Lett., 17, 1667 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin Glucoheptonate is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic.<br>References Delaforge, M. et al.: Biochem. Pharm., 32, 2309 (1983); Niederau, W. et al.: Chemother., 26, 121 (1980);<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the preparation of Cycloserine (C988800).<br></p>

<p>Applications Pipecolic Acid (P479760) derivative. Found in wheat, rye and barley.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Kanamycin (K137500) derivative as synthetic byproduct of Amikacin (A578500).<br>References Kawaguchi, H., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 25, 695 (1972), Naito, T., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 26, 297 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications The minor glucuronide metabolite of Chloramphenicol (C325030).<br>References Simons, P., et al.: Xenobiotica, 22, 1267 (1992), Kaji, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 60 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Linezolid USP Related Compound B<br>Applications Deacetyl Linezolid Thioacetamide is an impurity of Linezolid (L466500), an oxazolidinone antimicrobial which inhibits bacterial mRNA translation. Linezolid USP Related Compound B.<br>References Brickner, S.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 673 (1996); Ford, C.W., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40, 1508 (1996); Rybak, M.J., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 18, 456 (1998); Stevens, D.L., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 34, 1481 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin (E649950) derivative.<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefmetazole Lactone is an impurity of cefmetazole (C242850), which is a semi-synthetic antibiotic derived from Cephamycin. Antibacterial.<br>References Nakao, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 29, 554 (1976), Iwata, M., et al.: Jpn. J. Exp. Med., 48, 401 (1978), Shindo, H., et al.: Chemoterapy, 27, 64 (1979), Nishida, M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 32, 1319 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Simvastatin EP Impurity F<br>Applications Epi Lovastatin (Simvastatin EP Impurity F) is a Lovastatin impurity; an antihypercholesterolemic compound.<br>References Hoffman, W.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 849 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Chloroethoxy Roxithromycin is an impurity of Roxithromycin (R700850); a semisynthetic Erythromycin (E649950) derivative and antibacterial.<br>References Jones, R.N., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 209 (1983); Barry, A.L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 5, 536 (1986); Grassi, C., et al.: Chemioterapia, 6, 41 (1987); Gasc, J.C., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 313 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefixime EP Impurity F<br>Applications Cefixime Ethyl Ester is an ester impurity of the third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, Cefixime (C242800).<br>References Bian, L. et al.: Yao. Fen. Zaz., 30, 872 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Reagent used in the preparation of Cephalosporin antibiotics.<br>References Choi, K., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 50, 279 (1997), Bharathi, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 43, 733 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Linezolid Dimer is an impurity of the antibacterial agent Linezolid (L466500).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Ethyl (Z)-[2-amino-4-thiazolyl](methoxyimino)acetate is used in the preparation of ceftriaxone-d3 (C245002), which is a labelled antibacterial.<br>References Reiner, R., et al.: J. Antibiot., 33, 783 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Tacrolimus Methylacryl Aldehyde (USP)<br>Applications Tacrolimus Methyl Acryl Aldehyde is the degradation product of Tacrolimus (F370000), a novel macrocyclic lactone isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis, having immunosuppressant activity.<br>References Asano, K., et al.: In Vivo, 10, 537 (1996), McCall, E., et al.: Circ. Res., 79, 1110 (1996), Raufman, J.P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 271, 19877 (1996), Rokaw, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 271, C194 (1996), Knoll, G.A., and Bell, R.C.: Brit. Med. J., 318, 1104 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin Impurity O EP<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Clarithromycin (9Z)-O-Methyloxime is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750); a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic and derivative of Erythromycin (E650000).<br>References Morgan, D., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 502, 351 (1990); Benson, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 6, 173 (1987); Boyanova, L., et al.: J. Med. Microb., 61, 85 (2012); Lin, Z., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 126, 114 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Found in the metabolic decomposition of Chloramphenicol by Alcaligenes faecalis. A Chloramphenicol (C325030) derivative.<br>References Obojska, K. et al.: Microbiologia Generalis 3, 63 (1971)<br></p>

<p>Applications tert-Butyl N-[2-[2-(6-chlorohexyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl]carbamate is an intermediate in the synthesis of HaloTag O2 Tobramycin (H103850). HaloTag O2 Tobramycin is a derivative compound of Tobramycin (T524000), a single factor antibiotic comprising about 10% of nebramycin, the aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. An Antibacterial.<br>References Koch, K.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 309 (1970); Welles, J.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 22, 332 (1972); Dash, A.K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 24, 579 (1996)<br></p>