Amino Acids (AA)

<p>Applications 4-Aminohippuric Acid is used in the measurement of renal plasma flow as a diagnostic tool which may be applied towards kidney disorders.<br>References Phillips, R. et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 152, 523 (1948);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-alloisoleucine is a stereo-isomer of L-isoleucine (I820175) and is produced as a byproduct of isoleucine via transamination.  L-allo-isoleucine has been suggested to induce epithelial β-defensin expression. In addition, L-allo-isoleucine is utilized in the biosynthesis pathway for coronamic acid.<br>References Fehlbaum, P., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 12723 (2000); Parry, R. J., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 1849 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Methyl-L-phenylalanine is used to prepare hippuryl-α-methylphenylalanine and hippuryl-α-methylphenyllactic acid as substrates for carboxypeptidase A. It is also used in the synthesis of high affinity tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonists.<br>References Lee, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 8, 815 (2000); Boyle, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2, 101 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Boc-L-glutamic Acid 5-Methyl Ester is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Isodesmosine Chloride Hydrate (Synthetic) (I815051), which is a component of elastin and also it is extremely hygroscopic and must be stored over a desiccant such as silica gel.<br>References Partridge, S., et al.: Nature, 209, 399 (1966)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Cbz-L-aspartic acid is an N-Cbz-protected form of L-Aspartic acid (A790024). L-Aspartic acid is a nonessential amino acid that is used to biosynthesize other amino acids within the human body. L-Aspartic acid also increases membrane conductance of mammalian neurons by voltage-dependent means, causing depolarization and nerve impulses that travel to key areas of the central nervous system.<br>References Anderson, H., et al.: J. Nutr., 99, 82 (1969); Honey, C., et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 61, 135 (1985); MacDonald, J., et al.: Brain Res., 237, 248 (1982)<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid, is an amino acid building block used in peptide synthesis. With a growing peptide drug market the fast, reliable synthesis of peptides is of great importance.<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Bromo-L-tyrosine is used in the preparation and synthesis of polyclonal antibodies that work against brominated protein related allergic responses and afflictions. Also effective in asthma control and prediction in children.<br>References Kambayashi, Y. et al.: J. Clin. Biochem., 44, 95 (2009); Wedes, S. et al.: J. Ped., 159, 248 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled L-Glutamine (G597000). L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use.<br>References Rivett, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 260, 300 (1985), Watford, M., et al.: Metabolism, 49, 141 (2000), Wilmore, D., et al.: J. Nutr., 131, 2543S (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Pivaloylglycine is used in the biological study between dogs and rats. In a high dose toxicity study of pivalic acid (PA), PA caused skeletal muscle disorder in dog, and a significant increase of pivaloyl carnitine (PC) was observed in canine muscle, but not in rat muscle.<br>References Yamaguchi, T., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 214, 61-68 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Boc-L-proline is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is used to synthesize Daclatasvir (D101500) which nhibits the HCV protein NS5A. Daclatasvir (D101500) can be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV).<br>References Gao, M., et al.: Nature, 465(7294), 96 (2010); Bell, T. W., Chem. Med. Chem., 5(10), 1663 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Dihydro-5-methyl-4H-1,3,5-dithiazine is used as a reagent in the synthesis of neovibsanin derivatives which have the ability to induce neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells.<br>References Annette, P.-J. C., et al.: Tetrahedron, 66, 6842 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine is a tryptophan metabolite. Could be associated with symptoms in Parkinson's disease.<br>References Heilman, P. L., et al.: Movement Disorders, 35, 2028 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Carbamyl-L-glutamic Acid has been shown to have protective effects against ammonia intoxication and is used in the treatment of acute hyperammonemia.<br>References Paik, W.K. et al.: Life Sci., 15, 1189 (1974); O'Connor, J.E. et al.: Eur. J. Pediat., 148, 540 (1989); Lee, J.H. et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Chem., 248, 391 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Indolepropionic-d2 acid is deuterium labelled 3-Indolepropionic acid (I627170). 3-Indolepropionic acid is a deamination product of Tryptophan (T947200) that protects the hippocampus (studied in gerbils) from ischemic damage and oxidative stress. It’s ability to protect the neurons in this way is attributed to its potent antioxidative effects. 3-Indolepropionic acid is also hypothesized to have protective effects on the thyroid gland.<br>References Hwang, I., et al.: J. Neurosci. Res., 87, 2126 (2009); Karbownik, M., et al.: J. Cell. Biochem., 95, 131 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-(+)-2-Phenylglycine is a derivative of Glycine (G615990), the smallest of all the amino acids, and is also used to treat schizophrenia, stroke, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. L-(+)-2-Phenylglycine is also used as an N-linked side chain of an SMTP (Stachybotrys microspora tripenyl phenols) congener, which was potent in enhancing plasminogen activation in S. microspora.<br>References Gusev, E., et al.: Cerebrovasc. Dis., 10, 49 (2000); Koide, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 65, 91 (2012); Rosse, R., et al.: Clin. Neuropharmacol., 12, 416 (1989); Tuszynski, G., et al.: Lab. Invest., 70, 228 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ac-Glu-OMe (cas# 17015-15-5) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Flumazenil EP Impurity E<br>Applications Ethyl 5-Methyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepine-3-carboxylate (Flumazenil EP Impurity E) is used in the biological studies and preparation of imidazobenzodiazepines as probes for diazepaminsensitive receptor pharmacophore.<br>References Zhang, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 1679 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Catecholamines.<br>References Kopin, I.J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 236, 2109 (1961), Short, F.W., et al.: J. Med. Pharm. Chem., 5, 642 (1962)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Cystine Bis(T-butyl Ester) Dihydrochloride is used as a reagent in the synthesis of chelate oxorhenium to create new integrin antagonists.<br>References Le Gal, J., et al.: J. Inorg. Biochem., 105, 880 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Methyl isocyanate.<br>References Slatter, J. G., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 4, 157 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Methoxy-2-methylaniline (cas# 50868-72-9) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate used in the synthesis of Pregabalin (P704800) and related compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Posadas, I., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 142, 331 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methoxybenzoic Acid is used in the preparation of benzohydroxamic acids as potent and selective anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agents.<br>References Kozlov, M.V., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 5936 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Chloro-2-methylaniline Hydrochloride (cas# 3165-93-3) is a useful research chemical.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Hydroxy-2'-methoxy-2-naphthanilide (cas# 135-62-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Fluoro-3-methoxyphenylboronic acid<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,2-Dimethoxy-N-methylethanamine is an impurity formed in the synthetic process of Methimazole (M260300), a thiourea antithyroid agent that prevents iodine organification,<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sitar, D.S., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 184, 432 (1973), Aboul-Enein, H.Y., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 351 (1979), Cooper, D.S., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 311, 1353 (1984), Atterwill, C.K., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 29, 355 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Applications [2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetic acid (cas# 1171565-50-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the production of anti-cancer quinoline derivatives and antibacterial agents<br>References Zhao, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 3105 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Oxo-DL-proline-d5 is a labelled cyclized derivative of L-Glutamic Acid (G596960). The pyroglutamate core has potential application for synthesis of novel anti-bacterials.<br>References Mischo A. et al.: ChemBioChem., 13, 1421 (2012); Angelov P. et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem.: 10, 3472 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Methanesulfinylpropan-1-amine is used in preparation of Amide compounds as pesticides including acaricides, insecticides, and parasiticides.<br>References Furukawa, H., et al.: Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, (2018);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Methylindole metabolite.<br>References Skordos, K., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 11, 741 (1998), Lanza, D., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 29, 950 (2001), Hoenicke, K., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 4303 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications A red azoic dye. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br>References Hoover, K., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 18, 1497 (2005), Altenburger, R., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 24, 324 (2005), Gonzalez, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 1775 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 4-Methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride was used in the preparation of 5-cyano-3-(5-methoxy-2-methylindol-3-yl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole. It was also used to synthesize diarylpyrazoles as possible cyclooxygenase 2 ((COX-2)) inhibitors.<br>References Iwakawa, T., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 48, 160 (2000); Penning, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 1347 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Rifaximin EP Impurity A<br>Applications 2-Amino-4-methylpyridine (Rifaximin EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Rifaximin.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Dl-leucine<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methoxyethanol is used in the synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles in the treatment of prion disease (1). 2-Methoxyethanol is also used in the preparation of Rho-associated kinase inhibitors or (ROCK) inhibitors, for treatment of cardiovascular disease (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Li, Z. et al.: ChemMedChem. 2013 May;8(5):847-57.2. Boland, S. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2013 Dec 1;23(23):6442-6.<br></p>

<p>Applications An amino acid, first isolated from the juice of watermelon, Citrullus vulgaris Schrad., Cucurbitaceae. Used in the treatment of asthenia.<br>References Kurtz, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 122, 477 (1938), Rajantie, J., et al.: J. Pediatr., 97, 927 (1980), Carpenter, T.O., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 290 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methyl-N-nitroso-ethenamine is used as research reagent for base induced fragmentation to give aldehydes or ketones and smaller alkylnitrosamine<br>References Leoppky, R.N., et al.: J Org. Chem, 23, 135(1982)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(3-Methoxyphenoxy)propanoic acid<br></p>

<p>Applications D,L-o-Tyrosine is a metabolite of Phenylalanine (P319415). A precursor in the formation of catecholamines. Used as biomarkers of protein oxidative damage in β-thalassemia.<br>References Tsugita, A., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 124, 585 (1982), Nielsen, F., et al.: Clin. Chem., 43, 1209 (1997), Mates, J., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 32, 595 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive<br>Applications N-Methyl-L-cysteine Hydrochloride is an intermediate used to prepare analogs of pyochelin (P840365), a siderophore of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.<br>References Rivault, F., et al.: Tetrahedron, 60, 12139 (2004); Noel, S., et al.: Bioorgan. Chem. Lett., 24, 132 (2014); Ankenbauer, R., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 170, 5344 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Methyl-3-hepten-5-one is a reagent used to prepare fused nitrogen-heterocycles from β-enamino nitrile and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.<br>References Nemes, P., et al.: Synlett., 2, 222 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethametsulfuron-methyl Sodium Salt, a regulator of the early steps of complement activation on mucosal surfaces. It can be used in combination treatment of ohmic heating with various essential oil components for inactivation of food-​borne pathogens in buffered peptone water and salsa.<br>References Kim, S. S., et al.: Food Control, 80, 29 (2017); Reichhardt, M. P., et al.: Front Immunol, 7, 85 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-amino-5-butyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas# 4038-64-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>