Enzyme Substrates

<p>6-Fluoro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorescent chromogenic substrate that is commonly used for the detection and quantification of beta-galactosidase activity. When this substrate is hydrolyzed by beta-galactosidase, it produces a fluorescent blue product that can be easily detected and measured using a fluorometer or spectrophotometer. This substrate is often used in microbiology and molecular biology research to study gene expression and enzyme kinetics, and is also used in medical diagnostics as a marker for specific diseases and conditions.</p>

<p>3-Indoxyl phosphate, p-toluidine salt is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of β-galactosidase. 3-Indoxyl phosphate, p-toluidine salt is a highly active chromogenic substrate that can be used as a diagnostic tool in the food industry to determine whether or not milk has been adulterated with animal milk. This product is also used in environmental testing to detect bacteria and fungi. 3-Indoxyl phosphate, p-toluidine salt is a high purity, high quality conjugate that can be used for the detection of β-galactosidase.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 choline phosphate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of phosphatidyl-choline specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC, EC 3.1.4.3) activity. The colorless product is cleaved by PC-PLC positive microorganisms in liquid or solid media, yielding a yellow color and green fluorescence. Aldol® 470 choline phosphate therefore, enables the detection and identification of PC-PLC positive pathogenic bacteria, such as, Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella pneumophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes, and others. Aldol® 470 choline phosphate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for α-L-arabinofuranosidase yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>4MU-alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-iduronidase. Active alpha-L-iduronidase cleaves the MU moiety from the synthetic substrate, which results in release of a fluorescent signal (Ex 360 nm / Em 455 nm). The reaction is stopped by the addition of sodium carbonate. 4MU-alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid is used in alpha-L-iduronidase assays in the context of biochemical characterisation of samples from patients affected by lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I).</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Resorufin-alpha-D-glucopyranoside including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Trimethyl phosphonoacetate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>L-Leucine-PAB-resorufin is a substrate for enzymes such as β-glucuronidase, α-glucosidase, and β-galactosidase. It is used in the diagnosis of bacterial infections and the detection of certain bacteria in urine and stool samples. L-Leucine-PAB-resorufin can be used to detect the presence of bacteria that produce β-galactosidase and/or β-glucuronidase by releasing resorufin from the substrate. This reaction produces a blue color in the presence of a fluorogenic substrate like fluorescein diacetate or fluorescein isothiocyanate. L-Leucine-PAB-resorufin is also used to detect bacteria that produce α-glucosidase by releasing fluorescamine from the substrate. This reaction produces a green color in the presence of a chrom</p>

<p>Use as a positive control when detecting nitroreductase activity</p>

<p>A substrate for beta-glucuronidase.</p>

<p>Substrate to study the nitroreductase activity in the pathogenic fungus Sporothrix schenckii, a thermal dimorphic pathogenic fungus causing a subcutaneous mycosis.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for alkaline and acid phosphatase</p>

<p>3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) is an organic compound derived from benzidine. DAB is water-soluble as the tetrahydrochloride salt and is used in immunohistochemical staining of nucleic acids and proteins. Within research in Alzheimer's disease, Aβ protein amyloid plaques are targeted by a primary antibody, and subsequently by a secondary antibody, which is conjugated with a peroxidase enzyme. This will bind DAB as a substrate and oxidize it, producing an easily observable brown colour. 3,3’-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride hydrate is also available as the tetrahydrochloride salt and as the free base.</p>

<p>6'-(Diethylamino)spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3'-yl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate for the detection of ATP. It reacts with the luciferase enzyme to produce light, which can be detected by a luminometer. 6'-(Diethylamino)spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3'-yl b-D-galactopyranoside is used in a variety of applications, including diagnostics, food testing, and environmental monitoring.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity is used for Fabry disease diagnosis and Schindler disease screening.</p>

<p>4-Fluoro-2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, a fluorinated analog of ONPG, is a chromogenic enzyme substrate specifically used to detect beta-galactosidase in bacterial media. 4-Fluoro-2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside is used in Lactose intolerance screening, bacterial beta-galactosidase detection (E. coli)</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl N-acetyl-a-D-neuraminic acid ammonium salt is a substrate used to detect and quantify sialidase activity. Sialidases are enzymes that cleave sialic acid residues from glycoconjugates, and their activity is important in various cellular processes. The substrate is commonly used in research aimed at understanding the role of sialidases in diseases such as influenza and cancer.</p>

<p>Benzyl [13C6] 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside is a synthetic monosaccharide with a galactose backbone. The glycosylation of this molecule is the result of enzymatic modification by a glycosylase enzyme that specifically recognizes and removes the terminal glucose residue. This glycosylation process is called click chemistry because it occurs in one step, forming a covalent bond between the sugar and an acetamido group on the benzyl moiety.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase</p>

<p>Monohydrate; beta-glucuronidase substrate; yellow/pink color<br>Beta-glucuronidase activity can be measured in a colorimetric assay with phenolphthalein beta-D-glucuronide as substrate. Starting assay conditions can include 30 µg of enzyme-containing material, 0.6 mM phenolphthalein beta-D-glucuronide in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer in a total volume of 100 µL and monitoring absorbance changes at 540 nm. Temperature incubation can be used to promote the enzymatic activity (Galindo, 2012).</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl pyrophosphate diester disodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for pyrophosphatases or diphosphatases. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl pyrophosphate diester disodium saltas a substrate for measuring the pyrophosphatases or diphosphatases activity is used for monitoring and diagnosis of pyrophosphatase deficiency and bone metabolism disorder.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 nonanoate is a chemiluminescent substrate that can be used as a ligand for the detection of C8/C9-esterases, lipases activity, to result in an orange/green color. Aldol® 470 nonanoate has been shown to be active with horseradish peroxidase in a number of different assay systems. The purity and quality of Aldol® 470 nonanoate has been tested with culture media, environmental testing, bioluminescence, staining, fluorogenic substrate, chromogenic substrate, enzyme substrate, food testing and conjugates.</p>

<p>A fluorogenic MOSCERDAM® substrate targeting cellulases</p>

<p>6,8-Difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-a-D-galactopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate that reacts with oxygen in the presence of luciferase to produce light. This product is an excellent replacement for luminol, especially in applications where aqueous solvents are not suitable. 6,8-Difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-a-D-galactopyranoside has been extensively tested and shown to be nonhazardous in a variety of different culture media. It is also nonhazardous to the environment, as it can be easily degraded by microorganisms.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding yellow coloration and green fluorescence. Aldol® 470 beta-D-galactopyranoside can also be used in beta-galactosidase gene reporter assays or immunoassay applications (ELISA). Aldol® 470 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>2,4-Dinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-glucopyranoside, sometimes referred as 2F-DNPG, is an enzyme substrate for measuring beta-glucosidase activity. It is a mechanism-based inactivator of glycosidases, including beta-glucocerebrosidase (Gcase), a lysosomal enzyme encoded by the GBA1 gene responsible for breaking down glucosylceramide into ceramide and glucose. The use of 2,4-dinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-glucopyranoside as an enzyme substrate permits the study of the catalytic mechanism and reaction intermediate of these enzymes.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Cellulose metabolism research, biofuel production</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl b-D-Mannopyranoside, also known as X-Man, is an enzyme substrate commonly used for detecting mannosidase enzymes. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, it produces a blue-green colored compound that can be detected visually or measured spectrophotometrically. This substrate is useful in characterizing the activity of mannosidases involved in glycoprotein processing and quality control.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside-4-sulfate sodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside-4-sulfate sodium saltas a substrate for measuring the N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase activity is used for diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) (a rare lysosomal storage disorder) and Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome screening.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-3-indolyl phosphate disodium salt is a chemiluminescent substrate that is used for the detection of bacterial activity. It reacts with oxygen to produce light, which can be measured using a luminometer. It is also used as a chromogenic substrate for detection of bacterial activity in culture media. The enzyme reaction produces an intense blue fluorescence and is used for diagnostic purposes in food testing and medical diagnostics. 5-Bromo-3-indolyl phosphate disodium salt has been shown to be effective against many bacteria and fungi, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. This product is chemically stable at room temperature but should be stored at 4°C or below.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-GlcNAc-6-phosphocholine is a fluorogenic substrate for phosphodiesterase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-GlcNAc-6-phosphocholineas a substrate for measuring the phosphodiesterase activity is used for Niemann-Pick disease diagnostic assays. It is also used for sphingomyelin metabolism disorder screening.</p>

<p>Fluorescein mono-b-D-galactopyranoside or FMG is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase. The fluorophore fluorescein is released after enzymatic cleavage, exhibiting a greenish fluorescent. This substrate is particularly valuable in gene expression studies (e.g., lacZ reporter assays) and as a probe for cell-based assays for real-time monitoring.</p>

<p>A non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression to take place. Present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Cellulose degradation studies, biofuel research</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for sulfatase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium saltas a substrate for measuring the sulfatase activity is used for Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) screening and other lysosomal storage disorder diagnosis.</p>

<p>Resorufin b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is used as a fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) to study drug metabolism.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 4,6-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 4,6-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Pompe disease diagnosis, glycogen metabolism research</p>

<p>a-Naphthyl phosphate disodium salt hydrate is a highly water-soluble chromogenic substrate used to determine phosphatase activity in research and analytical applications, particularly for staining and differentiating acid and alkaline phosphatases.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-mannosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Lysosomal storage disorder diagnosis (e.g., alpha-mannosidosis)</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is an efficient chromogenic pNP enzyme substrate ideal for monitoring enzyme activity and understanding carbohydrate metabolism. This galacto-glucoside compound is designed specifically for use with glycosidases such as hexosaminidases and delivers unparalleled performance in your enzymatic assays.</p>

<p>Substrate for aminopeptidase A</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorescent substrate that is used in diagnostics and culture media. It can be used to detect the presence of aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin, by using the fluorogenic or chromogenic reaction. 4NP6BG has been shown to bind to the beta subunit of RNA polymerase and inhibit transcription, which can be useful for testing environmental samples for the presence of aminoglycosides.</p>

<p>Chromogenic beta-maltosidase substrate</p>

<p>Hexadecanoylamino-4-methylumbelliferyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a substrate used for the diagnosis of Krabbe disease. Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy/ galactosylceramide lipidosis), is a rare and often fatal lysosomal storage disease that results in progressive damage to the nervous system. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and involves dysfunctional metabolism of sphingolipids (MG44866 b-D-Galactosylsphingosine - Synthetic)</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate that yields a magenta-colored product after cleavage. The chromophore 5-bromo-6-chloro-indoxyl is released, generating the observable color. It is used in mucopolysaccharidosis screening.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 4,6-ethylidene-?-D-maltoheptaoside is a substrate used in a reference measurement method for ?-amylase activity in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, approved by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC). The substrate is hydrolysed by serum ?-amylase into shorter 4-nitrophenylated oligosaccharides and their free counterparts. These reaction products are channeled into an indicator reaction with ?-glucosidase and are degraded into glucose and the chromophore, 4-nitrophenol.</p>

<p>3-Indolyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that reacts with the enzyme β-galactosidase to produce a blue product. This product can be used to diagnose the presence of β-galactosidase in culture media, as well as in food and environmental testing. 3IAG is also a chromogenic substrate that can be used for detection of β-galactosidase activity.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl myristate is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of lipase or esterase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl myristate is used in screening assays for pancreatic lipase deficiency and lipid metabolism studies.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-1,3-diacetate (BCID) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase enzyme. BCID has been shown to inhibit the growth of various cell cultures in vitro including murine and human cells. BCID has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of TNF-α production in murine models for asthma and allergic rhinitis. The drug has also been shown to reversibly inhibit the activity of the enzyme without affecting its ability to bind substrate or to regenerate active enzyme form inactive enzyme, indicating that it does not act as a suicide inhibitor.</p>