Enzima

<p>beta-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23, shortly beta-Gal, also know as lactase) catalyses the hydrolysis of beta-d-galactoside in the presence of water to galactose and alcohol, or lactose into glucose and galactose. beta-Gal has a molecular weight of 540,000 and is composed of four identical subunits of MW 135,000, each with an independent active site. The enzyme has divalent metals as cofactors, with chelated Mg2+ ions required to maintain active site conformation. The molecule contains numerous sulfhydryl groups and is glycosylated.</p>

<p>α-Glucosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that hydrolyzes α-1,4-linked D-glucose residues to produce α-D-glucose. This enzyme has been isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus and is used as an industrial catalyst in the production of glucose syrups.  One Unit of α-Glucosidase will release 1.0 µmole of p-nitrophenol from the chromogenic substrate mimic 4-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside per minute under optimum conditions.</p>

<p>Compound 1e, also known as ALP/Carbonic anhydrase-IN-1, is a dual inhibitor targeting both carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes II, IX, and XII, as well as alkaline</p>

<p>CAXII-IN-1, antitumor, selectively inhibits CA XII with Ki of 3.8 nM for hCA XII and 56 nM for hCA IX.</p>

<p>CA Inhibitor 12 strongly blocks CA II (K_i 1.72 nM), also inhibits CA I (271 nM), shows anticancer effects.</p>

<p>hCAIX-IN-16 (Compound 12d), an inhibitor of hCA IX, exhibits inhibition constants (K i) of 190.0 nM for hCA IX and 187.9 nM for hCA XII.</p>

<p>COX-2-IN-30, a benzenesulfonamide derivative, is an orally active, dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2; IC50 = 49 nM) and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1; IC50 =</p>

<p>Diethyl-pythiDC is an collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor.</p>

<p>hCAIX/XII-IN-8 (compound 3g) is a potent inhibitor of the human carbonic anhydrases (CAs) IX and XII, with inhibition constants (K i) of 8.5 nM for CA IX and 6.</p>

<p>hCAIX-IN-15 is a potent inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 38.8 nM, exhibiting broad-spectrum anticancer</p>

<p>LX-1031 is an effective inhibitor of tryptophan 5-hydroxylase. LX-1031 decreases serotonin (5-HT) synthesis peripherally.</p>

<p>N-Desethyl Brinzolamide oxalate functions as a dual inhibitor targeting Carbonic anhydrase II and Carbonic anhydrase IV, exhibiting inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1.28 nM and 128 nM, respectively [1].</p>

<p>Sulfatase from Helix pomatia is a highly potent enzyme that is capable of hydrolyzing sulfated compounds and sulfate esters. It has been widely used in various applications such as glucosinolate analysis, genistein extraction preparation, and regiospecificity studies. With a concentration of ≥10,000 units per gram of solid, this sulfatase offers exceptional enzymatic activity for sulfatase assays. It effectively catalyzes the hydrolysis of sulfated substrates, including p-nitrocatechol sulfate, naphthyl sulfate and phenyl sulfates.The enzyme can be incubated with the desired sample to facilitate the release of sulfate groups from sulfated compounds. Sulfatase from Helix pomatia is a valuable tool for researchers and scientists working in diverse fields requiring efficient and reliable enzymatic hydrolysis capabilities. Additionally the enzyme has been found to have industrial applications, such as in the bioconversion of industrial chemicals, where it can be used as a catalyst.</p>

<p>Thioredoxin reductase (TR, TrxR) (EC 1.8.1.9) is an enzyme that reduce thioredoxin using NADPH as a co-factor, and also contains FAD. One unit of thioredoxin reductase will raise increase light absorbance by 1.0 per minute at 412nm in the presence of thioredoxin and Ellman's reagent at pH 7.0 and 25 °C.</p>

<p>Phosphodiesterase II from bovine spleen is an enzyme derived from the spleen of cattle, which serves as a crucial biological catalyst for the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in nucleotide sequences. This enzyme's mode of action involves cleaving the phosphodiester linkages within nucleic acids, facilitating the breakdown of these macromolecules into smaller nucleotide units.</p>

<p>Glycerokinase (glycerol kinase, GP, ATP-glycerol 3-phosphotransferase; EC 2.7.1.30) is an enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction:  ATP + glycerol ⇌ ADP + glycerol 3-phosphate  One unit of Glycerokinase will convert 1.0 μmole of glycerol and ATP to glycerol 3-phosphate and ADP per min at pH 9.8 and 25 °C.</p>

<p>Oxalate Oxidase, freeze-dried, is an enzymatic preparation that serves as a catalyst in biochemical reactions. This enzyme is derived from wheat, a common plant source, ensuring a naturally occurring origin. Its primary mode of action is the oxidation of oxalate into carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. This biochemical activity is significant in various scientific applications, specifically in the breakdown of oxalate, which plays a crucial role in metabolic and environmental processes.</p>

<p>Triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI, TIM; EC 5.3.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible isomerisation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:  DHAP ⇌ GADP  The reaction mechanism involves the formation of an enediol intermediate. One unit of Triose-phosphate isomerase will convert 1.0 μmole glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate per min at pH 7.6 and 25 °C.</p>

<p>Cholesterol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction: cholesterol + O2 ⇌ cholest-4-en-3-one + H2O2One unit of cholesterol oxidase will convert 1.0 μmole of cholesterol into cholest-4-en-3-one per min at pH 7.5 and 25 °C. You can remove the build-up of hydrogen peroxide using catalase.</p>

<p>p-Ethynylphenylalanine (4-Ethynyl-L-phenylalanine), a tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) inhibitor, is competitive, effective, selective, and reversible, with a Ki of</p>

<p>Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction:  glycerol-3-phosphate + O2 ⇌ dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2  One unit of Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase will generate 1.0 μmole H2O2 per min at 37°C, under the presence of O2 and the optimal pH. If required, you can remove the build-up of hydrogen peroxide using catalase.</p>

<p>Poly(ethylene terephthalate) hydrolase is an enzyme involved in the breakdown of Polyethylene terephthalate which is present in many plastics Polyethylene terephthalate hydrolytic enzymes may be useful in biotechnology, for use in waste treatment, biocatalysis and biorecycling</p>

<p>Sarcosine oxidase (Monomeric sarcosine oxidase, MSOX, EC 1.5.3.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to yield glycine, H2O2 and formaldehyde in the following reaction:  CH3-NH2+-CH2-COO- + H2O + O2 → NH3+-CH2-COO- + H2O2 + CH2O or sarcosine + water + oxygen → glycine + hydrogen peroxyde + formaldehydeOne unit of Sarcosine oxidase will form 1.0 micromole of formaldehyde from sarcosine per minute at pH 8.3 and 37 °C. You can remove the build-up of hydrogen peroxide using catalase.</p>

<p>CAIX-IN-3 (Compound 27) is a selective and potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), with an IC50 of 0.48 nM.</p>

<p>Tyrosinase-IN-39 (compound 5r) is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, with an IC50 of 6.4 μM, and is used in the study of skin diseases.</p>

<p>Tyrosinase-IN-20 (compound 6a) acts as a potent Tyrosinase inhibitor, demonstrating an IC 50 value of 28.50 μM [1].</p>

<p>hCAI/II/XII-IN-1 (compound 7) is an inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrases hCAI, hCAII, and hCAXII, with Ki values of 78.5 nM, 9.1 nM, 605 nM, 7.7 nM, and 3.7 nM.</p>

<p>Isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol is a tyrosinase (Tyrosinase) inhibitor that prevents pigment deposition induced by ultraviolet radiation.</p>

<p>Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 16 (compound 1) is a CA I/CA II inhibitor with potential antiviral activity, used in virus infection studies.</p>

<p>hCA XII/II/IX-IN-1 inhibits hCA I/II/IX/XII (IC50: 2.6, 0.004, 0.005, 0.001 μM) with anticancer properties.</p>

<p>R-13, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, has Ki of 60.7 nM (hCA I), 320.7 nM (hCA II), and 2298 nM (hCA IV).</p>

<p>CAII-IN-2 (3g): potent, selective CA-II inhibitor; IC50-12.1 μM for bovine CA-II; valuable in CA-related disorder research.</p>

<p>β-Glucuronidase/hCAII-IN-2 (Compound 12e) is a compound that effectively inhibits both β-glucuronidase and human Carbonic Anhydrase II (hCA II), exhibiting IC50</p>

<p>NSC 828467 is one of the top five CA-IX inhibitors with significant in vitro anticancer activity (IC50: 27.2 nM).</p>

<p>4-Acetylphenylboronic acid acts as an effective inhibitor targeting carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), displaying inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 246 μM for bovine CAII (bCA II) and 281.40 μM for human CAII (hCA II).</p>

<p>Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor19 (compound 26a) targets glaucoma-associated isozymes hCA II and hCA XII, with inhibition constants (Kis) of 9.4 nM and 6.7 nM, respectively. This compound is effective in reducing intraocular pressure.</p>

<p>O-Desmethyl Brinzolamide hydrochloride (compound 6a), a potent metabolite derived from Brinzolamide, serves as a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor. It exhibits a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.136 nM for CA II and an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 165 nM for CA IV [1].</p>

<p>Tyrosinase-IN-29 (compound 5c) is an effective inhibitor of abTYR tyrosinase, demonstrating an IC50 value of 6.11 μM. It is suitable for further research into the inhibition of excessive skin pigmentation.</p>

<p>Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 9 targets hCA II and IX with Ki of 56.4 and 56.9 nM respectively; shows antiproliferative activity.</p>

<p>Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 17 (compound 7c) is a pyrazine-based sulfonamide that acts as a carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.63 nM.</p>

<p>α-Glucosidase-IN-63 (Compound 4d) serves as an α-Glucosidase inhibitor with an IC 50 value of 0.44 μM. Additionally, it exhibits inhibitory activity against hCA II, demonstrating a K i of 7.0 nM. The compound is also effective when administered orally. [1]</p>

<p>hCAII-IN-4 (Compound 12j) is a potent inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), exhibiting an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 7.78 μM.</p>

<p>CAII-IN-3, a thiosemicarbazone, potently inhibits CA-II with an IC50 of 13.4 μM.</p>

<p>hCA VB-IN-1 (compound 15) is a potent and selective inhibitor of hCA VB (carbonic anhydrase) with a KI of 515.7 nM [1].</p>

<p>hCAII-IN-5 (compound 12h) is a potent, selective inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) with an inhibition constant (IC50) of 4.55 µM [1].</p>

<p>CA inhibitor 10 targets MCF-7 cells, IC50: 11.9 μM; potent h CA IX inhibitor, Ki: 6.2 nM. Anti-cancer research.</p>

<p>Sulclamide, a sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivative, exhibits diuretic activity and functions as an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase [1].</p>

<p>Compound 7c inhibits carbonic anhydrase II, lowering intraocular pressure in glaucomatous rabbits.</p>

<p>β-Glucuronidase/hCAII-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of β-glucuronidase and hCA II, and their IC50 values were 670.7 μM and 21.77 μM, respectively.</p>

<p>CAII-IN-1 (3n) is a selective bovine CA-II inhibitor with 10.3 μM IC50, used in carbonic anhydrase disorder studies.</p>