Toxicología

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled analogue of 3-Hydroxykynurenine is a metabolite of tryptophan. 3-Hydroxykynurenine filters UV light in the human lens. Studies suggest that Hydroxykynurenine is an endogenous oxidative stress generator and a potential endogenous neurotoxin.<br>References Malina, H.Z. et al.: Graefes. Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 233, 38 (1995); Okuda, S. et al.: J. Neurochem., 70, 299 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications Chlordimeform is an unique insecticide and acaricide. It displays synergistic effects and was detected in Spanish commercial beeswax.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ahmed, M.A.I., et al.: J. Med. Entomol., 49, 1405 (2012); Serra-Bonvehi, J., et al.: Pest Manag. Sci., 66, 1230 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Fungicide. Antimicrobial agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Oestman, M. et al.: Sci. Total Env., 649, 1117 (2019);<br></p>

<p>Applications Roscovitine is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Roscovitine has been found to produce apoptosis in treated cancerous cells of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other cancers. Studies show that Roscovitine displays increased anti-mitotic activity at the G1/S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Roscovitine maybe useful in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), leukemia, HIV infection, herpes simplex infection, and the mechanisms of chronic inflammation disorders.<br>References De Azevedo, W.F. et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 43, 518 (1997); Planchais, S. et al.: Plant J., 12, 191 (1997); Mgbonyebi O.P. et al.: Anticancer Res., 18, 751 (1998); MacCallum, D.E. et al.: Cancer Res., 65, 5399 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir - In House Impurity<br>Applications Abacavir Sulfate (Abacavir - In House Impurity) is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-3-Aminobutan-1-ol, can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of compounds having HIV integrase inhibitory activity.<br>References Johns, B. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 5901 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A new analgesic.<br>References de Julian-Ortiz, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 42, 3308 (1999), Roy, K., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 12, 745 (2004), Garcia-Garcia, A., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 53, 65 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Hydrochlorothiazide EP Impurity C<br>Applications N-[[7-(Aminosulfonyl)-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-4-yl]methyl]-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide (Hydrochlorothiazide EP Impurity C) is an impurity in bulk Hydrochlorothiazide. Dimer Impurity C.<br>References Daniels, S.L., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 70, 211 (1981), Fang, X., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 691 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Doxycycline EP Impurity C<br>Stability Light Sensitive, Unstable in Solution<br>Applications An alternative to doxycycline to control gene expression.<br>References Schiffer, I., et al.: Cancer Res. 63, 7221 (2003) , Eger, K. , et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 323, 979, (2004).<br></p>

<p>Applications A major metabolite of Zolpidem.<br>References Crestani, F., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 131, 1251 (2000), Li, Q., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 465 (2002), Goulle, J., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 26, 206 (2004), Ohkanda, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 432 (2004), Blackaby, W., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 1175 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications A diuretic used to reduce menstrual pains.<br>References Varga, J., et al.: Mol. Immunol., 28, 641 (1991), Marrero-Ponce, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 2881 (2005), Ibrahim, H., et al.: Drug Discov. Ther., 3, 168 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Deuterated Mycopheolate Mofetil, an immunosuppressant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lee, W.A., et al.: Pharm. Res., 7, 161 (1990), Bullingham, R.E.S., et al.: Transplant. Proc., 28, 925 (1996), Keown, P.A., et al.: Transplantation, 61, 1029 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Tetramethylphosphorodiamidic Fluoride is a type of pesticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hayat, K., et al.: Afr. J. Environ., 4, 666 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Darunavir intermediate, a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.<br>References Debouck, C., et al.: Drug Dev. Res., 21, 1 (1990), Krohn, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 3340 (1991), Sham, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11-DODECAMETHYLHEXASILOXANE (cas# 995-82-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A bacteriostatic antibiotic with similar activity and better absorption after oral administration (in animals) than the sodium salt of Fusidic Acid (F865500). Inhibits protein synthesis in prokaryotes by inhibiting the ribosome-dependent activity of G factor and translocation of peptidyl-tRNA.<br>References Findon, G. et al.: Lab. Anim. Sci., 41, 462 (1991); Parsons, R.L. et al.: Curr. Chemother. Proc. Int. Cong. Chemother., 10, 384 (1978);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Ofloxacin.<br>References Uematsu, T., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 40, 581 (1991), Uematsu, T., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 17, 101 (1995), Ballesteros, O., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 30, 1103 (2002), Kitade, T., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 51, 53 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Fenthion, an organothiophosphate insecticide. Fenthion is also a potent acaricide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pati, B.R. et al.: Plant Soil, 80, 215 (1984); Barros, A.T. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 96, 243 (2001); Kyriakidis, N.V. et al.: Food Chem., 91, 241 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Triallate is a pesticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Schneider, M., et al.: J. Environ. Qual., 42, 844 (2013); Busi, R., et al.: Pest Manag. Sci., 69, 1379 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefoperazone EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid (Cefoperazone EP Impurity E) is the starting material for semi-synthetic cephalosporins. Obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of cephalosporin C.<br>References Matsuda, A., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 169, 5815 (1987), Aramori, I., et al.: J. Ferment. Bioeng., 72, 227 (1991), Park, S., et al.: J. Biosci. Bioeng., 94, 218 (2002), Takimoto, A., et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 65, 263 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ritonavir EP Impurity L<br>Applications Desthiazolylmethyl Ritonavir (Ritonavir EP Impurity L) is an analogue of the selective HIV protease inhibitor Ritonavir (R535000). It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Brittain, H., et al.: Pharm. Res., 8, 963 (1991), Sham, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 392 (1996), Phadnis, N., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci.,86, 1256 (1997), Bauer, J., et al.: Pharma. Res., 18, 859 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Pizotifen Malate is an anti migraine drug.<br>References Serna-Jimenez. et al.,Int. J. Pharm. 492, 223-232(2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications Flutriafol is a systemic fungicide of the triazole class. Flutriafol has broad spectrum fungicidal activity and is used to control effectively cereal powdery mildew, cloud disease, leaf spot disease and rust disease.<br>References Gozzo, F. et al.: Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 40, 68 (1991); Cao, W. et al.: Jing. Huag. Zhong., 36, 33 (2006); Evans, V.J. et al.: BCPC Conf. Pests Dis., 1, 511 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ambroxol O-glucuronide is a metabolite of Ambroxol (A575900, HCl salt), a bronchosecretolytic drug.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Applications Influenza viral neuraminidase inhibitor; structural analog of the sialic acid. Antiviral.<br>References Woods, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 1473 (1993), Pegg, M.S., et al.: Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 32, 851 (1994), Monto, A.S., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 282, 31 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine is a reagent used to study acylcarnitine profile in thyroid disease.<br>References Wong, S., et al.: Clinical Biochem., 46, 180 (2013); Alu, F., et al.: Heredity, 110, 253 (2013); Adam, B., et al.: Clinical Biochem., 44, 1445 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications A lactone of meconinic acid, extracted from opium. Meconin is a marker for illicit opiate use.<br>References Pavlic, M., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 386, 69 (2006), Morley, S., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 31, 105 (2007), Ashour, A., et al.: Drug Test. Anal., 1, 327 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Sacubitril is an antihypertensive drug used in combination with Valsartan (V095750). The combination drug, valsartan/sacubitril, known during trials as LCZ696 and marketed under the brand name, Entresto, is a treatment for heart failure.<br>References McMurray, J., et al.: N. Eng. J. Med., 371 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Anserine (cas# 584-85-0) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Potent inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications GW 501516 Sulfoxide is a urinary metabolite of GW1516, a drug candidate potentially enhancing athletic performance. GW 501516 Sulfoxide may be used or doping control purposes.<br>References Thevis, M., et. al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2479 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Glyphosate-13C is an isotopic analog of Glyphosate (G765000) which is used as a herbicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Davis, V., et al.: Weed Sci., 57, 494 (2009), Bellaloui, N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 9050 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate of Indapamide (I500100), as bactericide, disinfectant, and antiseptic.<br>References Kumar, P., et al.: Arch. Pharma., 316, 759 (1983), Rival, Y., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 26, 13 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ginsenoside Rh4 possesses inhibitory and antifungal activity.<br>References Xue, P., et al: RSC Adv., 7, 10939-10946 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethionamide-d3 is the isotope labelled analogue of Ethionamide (E890420), a antibacterial (tuberculostatic) agent.<br>References Banerjee, A., et al.: Science, 263, 227 (1994), Newton, G., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 178, 1990 (1996), Baulard, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 28326 (2000), Koledin, T., et al.: Arch. Microbiol., 178, 331 (2002), Cardoso, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 48, 3373 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Broad spectrum third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Wise, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 14, 807 (1978), Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 139 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled analog of Gamithromycin (G195000), a macrolide compound which is known to have antibacterial activity, and is useful in the therapy of bacterial infections in mammals. Antibiotic.<br>References Broto, P., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 19, 71 (1984), Farrar, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 3517 (1993), Clark, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 807 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications An organophosphate pesticide that is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Yan, D. et al.: Zhong. Huan. Kex., 26, 364 (2006); Wood, S.J. et al.: Pest. Sci., 32, 485 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ribavirin EP Impurity D<br>Applications N-Des-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl Ribavirin (Ribavirin EP Impurity D) is an impurity in the synthesis of Ribavirin (R414475), a purine nucleoside analog; inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Used as an antiviral agent.This compound is suitable for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) related research.<br>References Fernandez, H., et al.: Eur. J. Epidemiol., 2, 1 (1986), Liao, H.J. and Stollar, V.: Antiviral Res., 22, 285 (1993), Honda, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 653 (1994), Reichard, O., et al.: Lancet, 351, 83 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Phenethicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin based β-lactam antibiotic and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive bacteria.<br>References Lucien, C., et al.: Can. med. Assoc. J., 84, 535 (1961); Timmers, G.J., et al.: Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 13, 497 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications A phosphocholine ester metabolite of the immunosuppressant macrolide SDZ RAD (also known as Everolimus E945400) which is an analog of the parent drug Rapamycin (R124000).<br>References Zollinger, M. et al.: Drug. Metab. Disp., 36, 1457 (2008); Kovarik, J. M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 69, 48 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Octenidine is an antiseptic (topical). Octenidine is a cationic surfactant and bis-(dihydropyridinyl)-decane derivative.<br>References Slee, A.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 23, 531 (1983), Ghannoum, M.A., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 25, 237 (1990), Allen, M., et al.: Microbiology, 152, 989 (2006), Ojha, A., et al.: Mol. Microbiol., 66, 468 (2007),<br></p>