Toxicología

<p>Applications 2,6-Dichlorobenzoic Acid is an di-halogenated benzoic acid derivative and is used in the synthesis of Lux-S enzyme inhibitor.<br>References Dhimitruka, I., et al.: Organic. Lett., 8, 47 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Ketocarbofuran is a metabolite of Carbofuran (C176590). A pesticide residue found in fruits and vegetables. 3-Ketocarbofuran causes cell migration in cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) test.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Abass, K., et al.: Chem-Biol. Interact., 18, 210 (2009); Ambrus, A., et al.: J. Environ. Sci. Heal. B., B40, 297 (2005); Usmani, K., et al.: Chem-Biol. Interact., 150, 221 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications A cholinesterase inhibitor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pickering, W.R., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 16, 1183 (1967)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cuprolinic Blue, has been shown to be able to form a particularly stable blue chromophore with single-stranded RNA in neuronal Nissl substance and nucleoli, and thus can be used for counterstaining of enteric neurons for peroxidase immunocytochemistry<br>References Holst, M., et al.: J. Neurosci., Meth., 62, 121 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Pioglitazone (P471000), which is used as an antidiabetic.A representative lot was 87% d4, 12% d3 no d0.<br>References Hofmann, C., et al.: Endocrinology, 129, 1915(1991), Kobayashi, M., et al.: Diabetes, 41, 476 (1992), Kawaamori, R., et al.,: Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 41, 35 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide used in large-scale commercial agricultural applications as well as in consumer products for domestic purposes.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Shen, M.F., et al.: Ecotoxiocol. Envrion. Safe., 78, 9 (2012); Baker, N.J., et al.: Sci. Total. Envrion., 449, 150 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications An androgen-anabolic steroid.<br>References Schubert, K. et al.: Endokrinologie 59, 99 (1972)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethylthiamethoxam is an impurity of thiamethoxam. Thiamethoxam is a hepatotoxic insecticide in mice.<br>References Swenson, T. L., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 216, 139 (2013); Karmakar, R., et al.: Pest Manag. Sci, 65, 931 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (Ethephon) is the most widely used plant growth regulator. Ethephon is often used on wheat, coffee, tobacco, cotton, and rice in order to help the plant's fruit reach maturity more quickly. The toxicity of Ethephon is actually very low, and any Ethephon used on the plant is converted very quickly to ethylene.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Brantley, B., et al.: J. Plant Physiol., 1428, 741 (1960), Ntui, V., et al.: J. Food Agricult. Environ., 5, 211 (2007), Vwioko, E., et al.: Biosci. Res. Communic., 21, 263 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Benzodiazepine psychotherapeutic agent. Clobazam (CLB) has proven efficacy against multiple seizure types. An anxiolytic; anticonvulsant. Controlled substance (depressant).<br>References Gastaut, H., et al.: Epilepsia, 20, 437 (1979), Guberman, A., et al.: Can J. Neurol. Sci., 17, 311 (1990), Munn, R., et al.: Pediatr. Neurol. 9, 465 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Sotalol (cas# 3930-20-9) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Gadodiamide is an apoptosis inducing agent used in chondrocytes. It is primarily used in muscoskeletal diagnosis as a contrast agent.<br>References Greisberg, J. et al.: Mag. Res. Imag., 19, 731 (2001); Hemmingsson, A. et al.: Mag. Res. Mat. Phys. Biol. Med., 12, 96 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Herbicide used to control the spread of weedgrass.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Haith, D., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6496 (2010), Jabran, K., et al.: Int. J. Agric. Biol., 12, 335 (2010), Rahaman, S., et al.: Environ. Ecol., 28, 1 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Synthetic androgen epimeric with Bolasterone (B674970). Has been used in treatment of breast cancer. Controlled substance (anabolic steroid).<br>References Horn, H., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 33, 336 (1976), Zumoff, B., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 44(6), 1203 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Apatinib (A726150). Apatinib is an orally available, small molecule multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Apatinib selectively inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2). Apatinib functions by inhibiting VEGF-mediated endothelial cell migration and proliferation thus blocking new blood vessel formation in tumor tissue. Recent studies have shown that Apatinib enhances the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutical drugs in side population (SP) cells and ABCB1-overexpressing leukemia cells.<br>References Mi, Y. et al.: Cancer Res., 70, 7981 (2010); Tong, X.Z. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 83, 586 (2012); Ding, J, et al.: J. Chrom B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 895, 108 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Nabumetone (N200500). A competitive, non-selective COX inhibitor.<br>References Turpeinen et. al.: Drug Metabolism and Dispositoin, 37: 1017 (2009); Daniels, F., et al.: J. Invest. Dermatol., 44, 259 (1965), Bosca, F., et al.: Photochem. Photobiol., 71, 173 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ciprofibrate is a hypolipemic agent, related structurally to Clofibrate (C586910). Ciprofibrate is used as an antilipemic.<br>References Davison, C., et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 3, 520 (1975), Arnold, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., et al.: 68, 1557 (1979), Tuchman-Duplessis, H., et al.: Toxicology, 12, 1 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications Eltenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.<br>References Allen, A., et al.: Gut, 21, 249 (1980), Tobin, T., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 9, 1 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Epoxiconazole is a fungicide used to inhibit the metabolism and growth of mycelia.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gromadzka, K., et al.: Cereal. Res. Commun., 40, 518 (2012); Chen, Yu,, Plant. Disease., 96, 1495 (2012); Echeverria-Saenz, S., et al.: Sci. Total. Environ., 440, 106 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Sodium salt of Cephalothin (C261150), a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a wide range antibacterial activity. It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and has been tested in respiratory disease and neuromuscular junction studies.<br>References Shibata, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 50, 135 (1997); Farra, A., et al.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 31, 427 (2008); Pichardo, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 30, 289 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications An isotopically labelled analog of Flurbiprofen (F598700).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chalmers, et al.: Ann. Rheum. Dis., 31, 319 (1972), Nishizawa, et al.: Thromb. Res., 3, 577 (1973)<br></p>

<p>Applications Carfentanil Citrate is a Fentanyl (F275000) analogue, an opioid receptor agonist. Analgesic agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zernig, G., et al.: Life Sci., 57, 2113 (1995), Bot, G., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Therap., 285, 1207 (1998), Gear, et al.: Neuroscience, 66, 5 (1995), Boronat, et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 125, 175 ( 1998), Ozdogan., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 460, 127 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Theophylline.<br>References ottrup, A., et al.: Pharmacol. Toxicol., 67, 340 (1990), El-Kadi, A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1112 (2000), Kim, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 2131 ( 2002), Hansel, T., et al.: Drugs Today, 40, 55 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Abiraterone (A108490). A steroidal cytochrome P 450 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase inhibitor (CYP17), is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials as a potential drug for the treatment of androgen-dependent prostate cancer.<br>References Denis, L., et al.: Cancer, 72, 3888 (1993), Potter, G.A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 2463 (1995), Denmeade, S., et al.: Nat. Rev., 2, 389(2002), Scher, H., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 23, 8253 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Chloro-4-[(methylsulfonyl)methyl]benzene is a metabolite of the pesticide benthiocarb (T344255).<br>References Ishikawa, K., et al.: Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi, 1, 49 (1976); Ishii, Y., et al.: Dokl. Soobshch. - Mezhdunar. Kongr. Zashch. Rast., 8th, 3, 223 (1975); Duah-Yentumi, S., et al.: Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 26, 541 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Applications R(-)-Methamphetamine is an intermediate in the synthesis of (R)-Benzphetamine Hydrochloride (B209870), the R-enantiomer of Benzphetamine (B209880). Controlled substance (stimulant). Anorexic.<br>References Stewart, J.T., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 60, 461 (1971),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled anticholinergic drug used in the treatment parkinson’s disease. It is also used to treat patients suffering from drug-induced parkinsonism, akathisia and acute dystonia.<br>References Salako, L.A.: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn, Ther., 184, 233 (1970); Vas, C.J. et al.: Neurol., 19, 234 (1969);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Duloxetine.<br>References Lantz, R.J., et al.: Drug Dispos. Metab., 31, 1142 (2003), Detke, M., et al.: J. Clin Psy., 63, 308 (2002), Bymaster, F.P., et al.: Bioorg. Med., Chem. Lett., 13, 4477 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fenchlorphos-D6 is a labelled analogue of Fenchlorphos (F247402). Fenchlorphos is an organophosphorus pesticide that is used to maintain pest control. Fenchlorphos is highly toxic, and is known to exhibit toxic effects on animals such as rats.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Curini, M., et al.: Talanta, 27, 45 (1980); Johnson, W. &amp; Langford, G.: J. Econ. Entomol., 53, 477 (1960); McCollister, D., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 7, 689 (1959); Sulinski, A., et al.: Neuro. Pols., 14, 451 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Applications Spinosyn D is a potent insecticide for pathogens of crops.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Nizatidine. Histamine H2-receptor antagonist related to Ranitidine (R120000). Antiulcerative.<br>References Callaghan, J.T., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 37, 162 (1985), Secor, J.W., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 20, 710 (1985), Knadler, M.P., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 14, 175 (1986), Wozniak, T.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 397(1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications β-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol is a agricultural fungicide that is systemically active against powdery mildews and rusts of grains.<br>References Echeverria-Saenz, S., et al.: Sci. Total. Environ., 440, 106 (2012); Hrouzkova, S., et al.: Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 92, 1546 (2012); Loos, M., et al.: Environ. Sic. Technol., 46, 9830, (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Antidepressant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rudy, B.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 2, 295 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid Mono 4-Methyloctan-1-ol Ester is a possible metabolite of the di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) monoester (MINCH).<br>References Koch, H., et al.: Arch. Toxicol., 87, 799 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Octopamine (O239750). A biogenic amine that is the phenol analog of Noradrenaline. It is a neurosecretory product found in several vertebrates and invertebrates. Adrenergic.<br>References Pisano, et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 43, 566 (1960), Breen, C.A., et al.: Nature, 303, 716 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Applications Pyribambenz-Propyl is used in methods and formulations for preventing downward migration of agricultural materials.<br>References Essig, Kenneth J., et al.:PCT Int. Appl., (2020);<br></p>

<p>Applications Coumatetralyl is used as an anticoagulant rodenticide. Coumatetralyl is widely used to control rodent populations.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Jones, A., et al.: Bull Environ. Contain Toxicol., 56, 8 (1996), Brakes, C., et al.: J. Appl. Ecol., 42, 118 (2005), Giraudoux, P., et al.: Environ. Res., 102, 291 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Diclosulam is used as a broadleaf herbicide that is used to control weeds in soybean and peanut crops. Diclosulam is applied either preplant or preemergence in order to maintain maximum control of weed growth.<br>References Grichar, W., et al.: Crop Protect., 23, 1145 (2004); Lancaster, S., et al.: Proc. Am. Peanut Res. Ed. Soc., No vol. given, No pp. given, (2006); Sheppard, B., et al.: Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc., 50, 161 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as a broad range pesticide against insects, fungi, vegetation and bacteria. It has become a common environmental contaminant and probable human carcinogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gulcan, H., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 21, 1503 (2008), Toropov, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16, 5999 (2008), Franco, A., et al.: Envir. Toxicol. Chem., 28, 2018 (2009), Jensen, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 5872 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethiprole is a phenylpyrazole based insecticide used in rice ecosystem on Trichogramma japonicum, and egg parasitoid of rice lepidopterans.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zhao, X.P., et al.: J. Economic. Entomol., 105, 92 (2012); Gomez-P. M.L., et al.: J. Chromatograph. A., 1248, 130 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications An anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory.<br>References Harrison, I.T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 203 (1970)<br></p>

<p>Applications Androsterone glucuronide (ADT-G) is one of the major circulating C19-steroid metabolites in humans. Exaggerated Androsterone (A637535) metabolism is observed in hyper-androgenic as well as in some normo-androgenic women with acne and androsterone glucuronide could be a marker in differentiating acne and hirsutism in hyperandrogenic women.<br>References Thompson, D.L. et al.: Clin. Endocrinol., 32, 283 (1990); Stener-Victorin, E. et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 95, 810 (2010);<br></p>