Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

PB-22 is a synthetic cannabinoid, which can be classified as a CB1 receptor agonist. It is one of the many cannabinoids that have been created in an attempt to circumvent drug laws by creating compounds that are similar to those found in cannabis but have different chemical structures. PB-22 has shown to increase locomotor activity and stimulate the cb1 receptor in mice. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and assays were used to determine the binding affinity of PB-22 for the CB1 receptor. The MRS data showed that PB-22 bound with high affinity to the CB1 receptor and had a lower affinity for CB2 receptors. This suggests that PB-22 may be more potent than other synthetic cannabinoids, such as JWH-018 and CP 55,940, which bind better with CB2 receptors than CB1 receptors.
PB-22 is an analog of JWH-073 and has been shown to have a stronger effect on locomotor activity than JWH

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Benzothiophene-5-carbonitrile is a heterocyclic compound that is formed by condensation of ethyl azidoacetate with indole under catalysis. It can be used in the synthesis of heterocycles. The yield of 1-benzothiophene-5-carbonitrile is about 56%.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Benzyne is a reactive intermediate that is formed by the tautomerization of 5-bromo-1,3-dimethylpyridin-2(1H)-one. It is an adduct between a bromine atom and a benzene ring. This compound has been shown to react with electron-rich olefins to form bicyclic compounds called diels-alder adducts. These reactions are often catalyzed by metals, such as palladium or nickel. Benzyne also reacts with triple bonds or other electron rich centers to form benzyne adducts, which are highly reactive and can be used as chemical probes for electron density in molecules.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Di-n-octylamine is a reactive chemical that is chemically stable in the presence of nitrogen. It is used in chemical biology as a transport agent for amines and other organic compounds. Di-n-octylamine has been shown to have optimum solubility in glycol ethers, magnesium salts, and trifluoroacetic acid. This compound reacts with fatty acids to form hydroxyl groups and can be used as an extractant for glycol ethers. The mechanism of this reaction involves intramolecular hydrogen transfer from the hydroxyl group on the fatty acid to the n-octyl amine molecule.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)piperazine is a piperidine derivative that has been shown to have antidepressant activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. It acts as an antagonist at the 5-HT1A receptor and as an agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor. 1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)piperazine has been shown to inhibit the production of dopamine, serotonin, and citric acid by inhibiting the enzyme citrate synthase. This drug also increases the concentration of chloride ions in cells. 1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)piperazine is used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and other conditions that may be related to chemical imbalances of serotonin.

6-Chloro-9-(propan-2-yl)-9H-purine is an intermediate in the synthesis of nucleoside analogues. It is obtained by the catalyzed reaction of acetonitrile and purines, which undergoes regioisomerization to form a mixture of 6-chloro-9-(propyl)- and 6-chloro-9-(butyl)purine. This intermediate can be used for the alkynylation of amino acids or peptides with alkynes. The selective formation of one regioisomer can be achieved by using a chiral catalyst or by reacting with an optically active reagent such as (+)-camphor sulfonic acid.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1,3-Diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione (1) is a new fungicide that was shown to have fungicidal activity in vitro against the grapevine pathogens Plasmopara viticola and Plasmopara obducens. This compound has been isolated from the plant Express erythroxylum coca (Erythroxylum coca). The compound belongs to the class of diaza spiro compounds and is a member of a family of diaza spiro compounds with antifungal activity. One possible mode of action for 1 is that it inhibits the synthesis of DNA by binding to bacterial DNA gyrase.

3-Acetylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione is an experimental drug that belongs to the class of metal hydroxides. It has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo against a variety of malignant tumors. 3-Acetylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione also inhibits the growth of pigweed and other plants by inhibiting the production of tenuazonic acid. This compound is a tautomeric form of tenuazonic acid, which is also known as 2,4-pentanedione. The carboxylate group on this molecule may be responsible for its herbicidal activity.

2,2,3,3,4,4-Hexafluorobutyric acid is a hydroxylated organic compound. It has been shown to be more chemically stable than other quaternary ammonium compounds. 2,2,3,3,4,4-Hexafluorobutyric acid is used as a polymerization initiator for the preparation of cationic polymers. This chemical can also be used to fragment proteins and nucleic acids in order to prepare samples for analysis by mass spectrometry. 2HFBA is reactive and can cause irritation on contact with the skin or eyes. It has been shown that this chemical may have an effect on body mass index and can bind to calcium ions.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane is a diphenyl ether that has been shown to have an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectrum in the human serum that is similar to those of other known antioxidants. Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane has been shown to protect against light-induced damage in human skin cells, and it also has radiation protective effects. Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane has also been shown to interact with trimethylolpropane, which is another antioxidant, and this interaction may affect the effectiveness of each agent. Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane inhibits lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the oxidation of fatty acids and hydroxyl groups on proteins.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

BrettPhos Pd G4 is a versatile polymer used in various research applications. It is commonly used in the field of organic chemistry as a catalyst for reactions involving epoxy chloropropane, clofarabine, iminostilbene, glycine, kavalactone, phenylboronic acid, carbamazepine, and other compounds. This polymer acts as a powerful catalyst and facilitates the synthesis of complex molecules by promoting efficient chemical transformations. Additionally, BrettPhos Pd G4 is known for its inhibitory effects on certain enzymes and can be used as an inhibitor in biochemical studies. Its unique properties make it an essential tool for researchers in the field of organic chemistry and beyond.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-(4-Nitrophenoxy)propionic acid is a promiscuous compound that can be used to synthesize other compounds. It reacts with hydrochloric acid, nitro groups, and phosphorus pentoxide to produce nitro compounds. 3-(4-Nitrophenoxy)propionic acid reacts with benzoylamine in the presence of a cocatalyst to form alkoxycarbonyl products. The cocatalyst is typically a metal such as zinc or magnesium. 3-(4-Nitrophenoxy)propionic acid is also used as an agrochemical for controlling influenza virus and Influenzae bacteria.
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Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Chloro-9H-carbazole (2CzC) is a heterocyclic compound that belongs to the group of carbazoles. It can be used as medicine and has been shown to be a good control experiment for other carbazoles. The nucleophilicity of 2CzC is affected by the functional groups present in the molecule, and it has been shown to react with anions such as Cl-, Br-, or I-. This heterocycle also has two resonance forms, which are generated by the electron delocalization in the ring system. The gas phase kinetics of 2CzC have been found to follow an Arrhenius relationship, with k = 3.6x10^3 M^-1 s^-1 at 298 K. Yields for this compound have been found to be high, with 90% yield when synthesized from chloroacetone and phenylmagnesium bromide.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

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4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.