Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2',4'-Dimethoxyacetoacetanilide is a disubstituted dicarbonyl compound that is synthesized by acetoxylation of 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. The equilibrium between the two forms can be shifted to favor one form through the addition of reagents, such as dimethylformamide or dicarbonyl compounds. The oxidation of 2',4'-dimethoxyacetoacetanilide with hydrogen peroxide yields 2,4-dihydroxydiphenylmethane, which can undergo hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid to yield phenol.

4-Chloro-3-iodo-quinoline is a ligand that has been shown to have agonistic activity with the immune system. It has been demonstrated to be an adjuvant in vaccines, and has been shown to be effective against furan, chlorine, and azide. 4-Chloro-3-iodo-quinoline is structurally related to 3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline, which is a pharmacological agent used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The pharmacological effects of 4-chloro-3-iodo quinoline may be due to its ability to bind with toll like receptor.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-(Azidomethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (1-AMMB) is a copper complex that can be used to induce the irreversible oxidation of organic molecules. 1-AMMB has been shown to be cytotoxic in vitro against MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells. It was also shown to have anticancer activity in vivo, inhibiting tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation in mice implanted with human breast cancer cells. The anti-cancer properties of 1-AMMB are attributed to its ability to activate the copper(II) ion, which causes DNA damage by forming covalent bonds with guanine bases. This leads to the inhibition of DNA replication and transcription, which eventually kills the cell.

n-Butyrylglycine is a compound that was first identified in human urine as a metabolite of the amino acid glycine. It is an intermediate in the conversion of glycine to succinic acid, which is required for the production of energy in mitochondria. Deficiency of this enzyme causes mitochondrial dysfunction and leads to various metabolic disorders including fatty acid oxidation disorders and homocysteine metabolism defects. n-Butyrylglycine can be detected by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection.

2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Hydroxyethyl benzoate is a model system that has been used to study the mechanism of hydrolysis of an ester with a hydroxyl group. The reaction products are a metal hydroxide and a chloride ion. 2-Hydroxyethyl benzoate is an antimicrobial agent that has shown activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. It is thought to work by reacting with fatty acids in the cell membrane, leading to disruption of the membrane and leakage of cellular contents. It also reacts with chloride ions to form hydroxybenzoic acid and water molecules. The activation energy for this reaction was found to be around 19 kJ mol−1.

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3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.

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