Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-Methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid is a functional compound that is used in pharmaceutical formulations to stabilize the active ingredient. It is often used as a preservative in topical formulations because it can inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. 3-Methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid has been shown to inhibit fatty acids such as methyl esters and organic acids, which are key components of many enzymes. 3-Methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid also has been shown to be an inhibitor of hippuric acid, an acidic substance that is excreted by the kidneys. This product can be found in acidic or neutral conditions, depending on its function.

3-(Carboxymethoxy)benzoic acid is a monoanion with a carboxylate group. It is a centrosymmetric molecule that has hydrogen bonds between the anions and the cations. It interacts with other molecules in supramolecular chemistry, such as isonicotinamide and pyridinium. 3-(Carboxymethoxy)benzoic acid can be used as a ligand for various metal ions, including copper and nickel, which are found in proteins that have been shown to have antimicrobial properties. This compound has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria by targeting methylamine-N-oxide reductase, an enzyme involved in methylamine metabolism. The molecule also inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

The compound (E)-α-methylcinnamic acid is a methyl ketone that reacts with deionized water to form the ionic compound. This reaction is an example of Friedel-Crafts alkylation. The compound has been shown to be carcinogenic in animal studies, but not in human studies. It can also be used as a pressor and chloride channel blocker, and has been shown to have ferroelectric properties. The compound has been shown to react with fatty acids at high temperatures, yielding a reaction yield of 82%.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Silver salts are used in photography to form images on photographic film or other material. Silver halides, such as silver chloride and silver bromide, are the most common light-sensitive materials for making photographic emulsions. The sensitivity of the halide is controlled by adding various amounts of stabilizers, such as 3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-8-ol.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorophenol is a preservative that is used to prevent the growth of microorganisms in water. The compound is added to water at concentrations of 1-10 ppm and can be found in drinking water, swimming pools, and waste water. 4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorophenol is dechlorinated with chlorine to make it more stable. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria by interfering with their DNA synthesis and protein production. 4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorophenol also inhibits the growth of fungi and algae by interfering with their cell membrane structure. It can be detected in low levels using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy or liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy techniques.
4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorophenol has been shown to be toxic to mice and rats at high concentrations (>100 mg/kg).

Benzene, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-isocyanato-, is a potent inhibitor of the methyltransferase that catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine to methionine. It is an orally active drug that has been shown to be effective against sarcoma viral oncogene in vitro and in vivo. Benzene, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-isocyanato-, has a high potency for inhibiting cellular methylation and leads to mononuclear cell death by apoptosis. Benzene, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-isocyanato-, also inhibits protein synthesis and patterning in cellular systems.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Metolachlor is a herbicide with antimicrobial properties that is used to control weeds in agricultural and other settings. Metolachlor is a potent inducer of liver enzymes CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2E1. It also causes drug interactions with drugs metabolized by these enzymes such as the anti-HIV drug efavirenz. Metolachlor has been shown to cause toxic effects in the kidneys, heart, and brain. The chemical structure of metolachlor was first determined by X-ray crystallography in 1969. Metolachlor is not active against many common plant pests, but it does have activity against some fungi and bacteria. Metolachlor can be used for the control of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, such as salmonella or chlamydia.

2-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is a glycol ether with a hydrocarbon group. It is used as an ethoxylate in the production of surfactants and cationic surfactants. This chemical has been shown to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. 2-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid can be used as an emulsifier to make lemongrass oil more soluble in water. It also has antifungal properties, which may be due to its ability to inhibit fatty acid synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase).

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Methyl 2-(2-acetyl-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (1) is an ester that can be synthesized by reacting methanol with isobenzofuran. The radical cations of 1 are stable, and the spectra show a strong C=O stretching frequency at 1750 cm−1, as well as a weak C=C stretching frequency at 1360 cm−1. These spectral data were confirmed by infrared and mass spectrometry. The synthesis of 1 was also confirmed by the analysis of its electron impact mass spectrum, which shows molecular ion peaks at m/z 107 and 131.
Methyl 2-(2-acetyl-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate has been isolated from Australian rainforest plants.

Versatile small molecule scaffold