Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

5-Methyl-5-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one (MPP+) is an analog of butyric acid and the active substance in the neurotoxin MPTP. MPP+ causes death by inhibiting dopamine production, leading to Parkinson's disease. It also inhibits GABA synthesis and activates glutamate receptors. MPP+ has been shown to be toxic to rat brain cells in culture, causing neuronal degeneration. Injection of rats with MPP+ leads to decreased reflexes and a decrease in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in the brain.

2-Chloro-1-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)ethan-1-one is a molecule that belongs to the class of fatty alcohols. This drug is used in pharmaceutical preparations, specifically in pharmaceutical dosages, as an anti-inflammatory and bronchiolitis obliterans agent. The target tissue for this drug is the respiratory tract. 2CHNEE has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells by targeting them with monoclonal antibodies that block their ability to synthesize fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives. It also inhibits fungal growth by binding to ergosterol, which prevents it from being converted into ergosterol peroxide and disrupting cell membranes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-(Benzylamino)benzonitrile is an organometallic reagent that is used in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. It can be used to form anions with various halides, such as 2-aminobenzaldehyde and quinazolines. The chemical rearrangements of acyl halides are a common reaction that occurs when 2-(benzylamino)benzonitrile is exposed to acid or base. This reaction produces 6-membered heterocycles, which have been shown to have therapeutic potential against cancer cells.

6-Cyanohexanoic acid is a compound that belongs to the group of oximes. It is a deacetylase inhibitor, which inhibits the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs). 6-Cyanohexanoic acid has been shown to inhibit HDACs in vitro and in vivo. 6-Cyanohexanoic acid also functions as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and can be used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This molecule has been shown to be effective against aluminium toxicity, by reducing its accumulation in the brain. 6-Cyanohexanoic acid also inhibits crotonoyl-CoA reductase, which can be used as a potential treatment for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,3-dione is a heterocycle that has been developed as a lead molecule for the treatment of cancer. It was discovered by researchers at the University of Illinois who were investigating the use of Friedel-Crafts reaction to synthesize triazoles. 2-Oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,3-dione has physicochemical parameters that make it ideal for pharmaceutical research and development. This molecule has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and can be used to focus on carbon bond synthesis in order to synthesize pyridazines and ketocarboxylic acid derivatives.

N-phenylpyrrolidine-1-carboxamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula CHN. It is a nitrogen containing amine that is used as a reagent to synthesize other nitrogen containing compounds. The compound can be prepared by reacting tert-butyl hydroperoxide with an amine, such as ammonia or methylamine. The reaction produces a mixture of tertiary amines and hydroxylated aliphatic tertiary amines. N-Phenylpyrrolidine-1-carboxamide is reactive and soluble in organic solvents and can be stored at room temperature for long periods of time.

Naphthalene-2-carboximidamide is a benzamidine derivative that interacts with the active site of serine proteases. It was shown to have potent inhibitory potency against a number of proteinases, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin G. The interaction of naphthalene-2-carboximidamide with uPA was specific and led to inhibition of its catalytic activity. Naphthalene-2-carboximidamide has been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of influenza.

3-Isopropylbenzoic acid is a chemical compound that is used as a solvent and as an intermediate in organic synthesis. It has antibacterial activity and can be used to treat wastewater containing bacteria. 3-Isopropylbenzoic acid inhibits the growth of bacteria by acting on their cell membranes, causing them to leak, which leads to cell death. This compound also has photoreceptor effects and can be used in the treatment of eye diseases. 3-Isopropylbenzoic acid's antibacterial properties may be due to its ability to react with sulfoxides, producing sulfones that are toxic for bacterial cells.

1-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol (1DMPE) is a phenolic compound that is used in the production of dyes. It has strong redox potential and can be easily oxidized to form 1,2-dihydroxybenzene. This compound is susceptible to environmental pollution and also has the potential to react with other chemicals to form toxic products. 1DMPE can undergo acidolysis with trifluoroacetic acid or hydroxylation reactions with hydrogen peroxide or sodium perborate in the presence of a metal catalyst. These reactions produce carbonyl groups as reaction products and are kinetically controlled by activation energies. The mechanisms of these reactions have not been well studied, but they are thought to be due to kinetic effects.

2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridin-1-one is a kinase inhibitor that binds to the ATP site of the enzyme. Abnormal cell growth, cancer and other disorders are associated with abnormal cell proliferation. Kinases are enzymes that regulate cellular processes by adding phosphate groups to proteins. Thus, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridin-1-one is used in the treatment of diseases such as leukemia and lymphoma. 2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4--c]pyridin-1--one inhibits abnormal cell growth by blocking signal transduction pathways in cancer cells. It also inhibits protein synthesis and has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human myeloid leukemia cells in culture.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

5-(2-Methylpropyl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid is a human hepatocyte receptor ligand that binds to the imidazole site on the human liver. It has been shown to have high affinity for this receptor and is able to antagonize the binding of agonists such as histamine and serotonin. 5-(2-Methylpropyl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid has also been shown to be potent in blocking the activation of G proteins in human liver microsomes. This compound is an imidazole derivative that can bind to both receptors, which may account for its high affinity. The ligand is truncated at its C terminal end, which may account for its low affinity but high efficacy.

4-Cyclopropylbutanoic acid is an organic compound that belongs to the class of fatty acids. It is a natural product that can be found in muscle tissue and has been shown to have antibacterial activity against the soil fungus, Oxysporum ferrugineum, and the plant pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. 4-Cyclopropylbutanoic acid is also used as a precursor for other compounds that are important in the biosynthesis of lipids and terpenes. This chemical has been analysed in tobacco leaves, untreated control soil, and rhizosphere soil samples. Results show that 4-cyclopropylbutanoic acid was present in all three samples with an average concentration of 0.8 ppm.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Amino-1-(2-naphthyl)-1-ethanol (2NPE) is an atypical amino alcohol that is used as a pharmacological agent. It has been shown to have glucuronide and phenolic hydroxyl groups, which are reactive metabolites. 2NPE may be carcinogenic due to its ability to inhibit the activity of the enzyme glutathione reductase, which is involved in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides. The metabolic pathways for 2NPE include sulfation by phenolic hydroxyl groups, which can lead to a residue of phenolic compounds in humans and animals. 2NPE has been found to have a thymic effect similar to natural n-substituted amino alcohols.

2-Sulfanylbenzamide is a chemical compound that has been used as an anti-inflammatory drug and as a medicine for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It has been shown to bind to basic proteins in human serum, which is responsible for its neutral pH. This agent also binds to primary cells and is chemically stable, with ethylene diamine as a matrix effect. 2-Sulfanylbenzamide has been shown to be effective against inflammatory diseases by inhibiting the synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold