Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Clonidine hydrochloride is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiac diseases. It belongs to the class of drugs called centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Clonidine hydrochloride is also used for its antihypertensive effects in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, diabetic neuropathy, and glomerular filtration rate. The long-term efficacy and safety profile of clonidine hydrochloride has been established in clinical trials that have shown it to be effective in reducing symptoms of chronic pain and opioid withdrawal, as well as improving quality of life. Clonidine hydrochloride may be administered orally or transdermally. Clonidine binds to both alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, which are responsible for vasoconstriction, inhibition of renin secretion from the kidneys, decreased sympathetic nerve activity, and increased parasympathetic nerve activity. This drug also has a protective effect on bone cancer cells

4-Chloro-2,3-dimethylpyridine N-oxide is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of medicines. It is used in the manufacture of hydrogen peroxide, which is an oxidizing agent and a bleaching agent. 4-Chloro-2,3-dimethylpyridine N-oxide has been used as a reagent for organic synthesis and as a catalyst in organic reactions. This compound also has the ability to inhibit proton pumps, which are membrane proteins that pump protons across biological membranes. The presence of sodium impurities can lead to scaling problems because it affects the solubility of 4-chloro-2,3-dimethylpyridine N-oxide. The exothermic reaction with chlorine leads to the formation of chloride, sulfoxide, and chloride ions. These products are more soluble than 4-chloro-2,3-dimethylpyridine N-oxide itself.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a highly toxic industrial chemical that is used in the production of other chemicals and as an analytical reagent. DMS is mainly used in the production of phenols, alkyl sulfates, and other organic compounds. Dimethyl sulfate is also used as a laboratory reagent for the synthesis of various organic compounds.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-(3-Pyridyl)-2-thiourea is an organic compound that belongs to the thiourea functional group. It is a white crystalline solid that has orthorhombic symmetry. 1-(3-Pyridyl)-2-thiourea has a protonated nitrogen atom on its pyridine ring, which gives it a positive charge. This functional group interacts with other molecules due to the presence of lone electron pairs on the nitrogen atom and the carbonyl oxygen atom. Crystal x-ray diffraction studies have shown that 1-(3-Pyridyl)-2-thiourea crystallizes in the group p2 space group and is oriented along [001]. The ligand coordinates are nitrate and solvent.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-(Prop-2-en-1-yl)cyclopentan-1-one (propargyl alcohol) is a heterocyclic compound that is the simplest member of the cyclopentanones. It has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of human viruses such as Hepatitis C virus, HIV, and influenza A virus. The antiviral activity of propargyl alcohol is attributed to its ability to inhibit viral DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase in the infected cells. Propargyl alcohol also inhibits glycol dimethyl ether, which is a cofactor for some cellular enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. This compound can also act as a substrate for allylation reactions with other compounds such as 1,3 butadiene or ethylene.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-(2-Oxopropyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is a reactive molecule that can be used to conjugate biomolecules and synthetic polymers. It has been immobilized on the surface of polymer particles or in polymer matrices, which allows for the efficient separation of biomolecules and synthetic polymers. This molecule is also reactive with thiol groups and can be used to crosslink biomolecules and synthetic polymers. 1-(2-Oxopropyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione has been shown to react with immobilized proteins and DNA.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Bromo-1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene is an ethylene acetal that is prepared by the catalyzed reaction of aryl chlorides and anhydrous zinc bromide in the presence of triethylamine. The selectivities of this method are high because it can produce mainly a single isomer. The stereoselectivity is also high because the reaction proceeds with the formation of only one stereoisomer. The mechanism for this reaction involves a nucleophilic substitution of the halogenated aryl chloride with the trialkylborane, which generates two different products. This product has been used in the synthesis of biphenyls and nitro compounds.

8-Bromoisoquinoline is a bifunctional alkylating agent that is used to synthesize esters and amides. It is commonly used for the synthesis of amino acids, peptides, and other biologically active molecules. 8-Bromoisoquinoline has been shown to have a synergistic effect with hydroxyalkyl carbamates, which may be due to its ability to form an ionic bond with the carboxylic acid in these compounds. This chemical can also react with nitro groups and serve as a chlorinating agent, as well as react with anions such as phosphate and acetate. 8-Bromoisoquinoline can be synthesized by reacting ethyl bromoacetate with tetrahydroisoquinolinium chloride in hydrochloric acid or isopropyl alcohol.

Bromoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal (BDAE) is an organic compound that has been shown to have receptor binding activity. BDAE binds to the ethylene diamine receptor and competes with ethylene diamine for binding sites. It also forms acid from sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, which may be due to its ability to act as a solid catalyst. BDAE has shown activity in hiv infection, with a potency comparable to that of dimethyl fumarate. The synthesis of BDAE can be accomplished by reacting monosodium malonate ester hydrochloride with adenine nucleotide and malonic acid. The reaction solution is heated until the desired product crystallizes out of solution.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-(3-Hydroxythiophen-2-yl)ethan-1-one is a hydrolyzable compound that has been shown to have microbicidal activity against food spoilage bacteria such as Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens. It inhibits the growth of these bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, which leads to cell death.

3-Dimethylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol is a chiral phenoxy propylamine optical isomer with a residue of carbonyl. It is a racemic mixture of two optical isomers and has the ability to form diastereoisomeric salts. 3-Dimethylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol is an intermediate in the synthesis of fluoxetine, which is used to treat depression. This substance also has antihistamine and sedative properties, as well as other pharmacological effects that have not been studied extensively.

1,3-Thiazinane-2-thione is an allylamine that can be used in the synthesis of a variety of compounds. 1,3-Thiazinane-2-thione is also an activator for carbon-carbon bond formation. This compound can be synthesized from an alkyl halide and an aldehyde by reaction with sulfur and heat. The stereoselectivity of this reaction has been shown using x-ray crystallography.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-Chloropropanoyl)urea is a urea derivative. It has been used as an intermediate in the synthesis of tranquilizers and reaction products. 3-Chloropropanoyl)urea has been shown to react with aliphatic hydrocarbons, cycloaliphatic compounds, piperidine, or acylurea. The resulting products are chlorinated or carboxylic acid derivatives.

Methanesulfonyl acetate is a chemical that is used in the chemical industry as a solvent and as a conditioner for polymers. Methanesulfonyl acetate has been shown to have effects on blood pressure and cancer cells, where it inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Methanesulfonyl acetate also binds strongly to chlorine atoms and is soluble in nonpolar solvents. The molecular weight of methanesulfonyl acetate is 164.19 g/mol and its melting point is -13°C.
Methanesulfonyl Acetate Chemical Formula: CH3SO2COCH3
Molecular Weight: 164.19 g/mol
Melting Point: -13°C
Boiling Point: 210°C
Density: 1.07 g/cm3
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Appearance: Pale yellow liquid

1-(Ethenesulfonyl)-4-nitrobenzene (1ESNB) is a pyrazoline that has been used as an oxidant in cyclic aliphatic and heterocyclic syntheses. 1ESNB is also used to form phosphate derivatives, which are important in the pharmaceutical industry. 1ESNB can be prepared by the organocatalytic coupling of ethyl sulfone with nitrobenzene. The azomethine ylide can be generated from 1ESNB through oxidation with potassium permanganate or ozone, followed by addition of an aliphatic amine. This reaction gives a quinolinium salt that can be converted to a sulfone using thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride. A cycloaddition reaction can then convert the sulfone into a biologically active molecule such as methotrexate or daunorubicin.