Building Blocks

1-Chloro-4-isocyanobenzene (1CI) is an organic compound that has been used as a chemical probe for the detection of amines and other molecules on metal surfaces. The frequency shift in Raman spectra, which is observed after the addition of 1CI to the metal surface, is used to detect amines. 1CI has also been shown to be a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial function. This molecule binds to nucleophilic sites on metal surfaces and forms covalent bonds with them, leading to a high degree of inhibition.
1CI can be synthesized in three steps from commercially available starting materials and is relatively easy to purify.

2-[3-(Propan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetic acid is a chemical compound that is used as an additive in benzene, and is a phytotoxic chemical. It prevents the formation of chlorophyll by blocking electron transport and inhibiting photosynthesis. 2-[3-(Propan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetic acid is used to induce callus tissue from lettuce, radish, and other plants. This compound also inhibits the growth of various bacteria including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-(2-Methylpyridin-3-yl)ethanone is a ketone that can be synthesized using the reaction of methyl sulfone, benzyl sulfone, and sulphone. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and has been used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). 1-(2-Methylpyridin-3-yl)ethanone has also been shown to have analgesic effects in mice. This synthetic compound may be useful in treating inflammation, pain, and fever.

4-Acetylmorpholine is a recycled amide that is synthesized from an alkanolamine and an acylation reaction. It has been used in the dehydrating of organic compounds, such as reaction solution, and for the preparation of acrylamide. 4-Acetylmorpholine is also used as a viscosity control agent in the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons. Its chemical structure consists of a carbonyl group and an aromatic hydrocarbon. 4-Acetylmorpholine can be synthesized by reacting acetaldehyde with ammonia or thiourea with methyl chloride or ethylene oxide.

Dec-9-ynoic acid is a synthetic fatty acid that is a precursor to several biologically important substances. It is labile and easily oxidized by air, light, or heat. Dec-9-ynoic acid has been shown to be a central metabolic intermediate for the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It can also be converted into linolenic acid, which is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. Dec-9-ynoic acid exists in two geometric isomers: cis and trans. The cis form exhibits kinetic properties that are different from the trans form. Dec-9-ynoic acid has been studied as a potential treatment for human diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and depression.

4-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is a hydrocarbon with a carboxylic acid group. It can act as an antagonist to the hydrocarbon receptor (HCR). 4-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid has been shown to be effective in treating colon cancer cells in vitro, and has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vivo. This compound is also effective at inhibiting the proliferation of human colon cancer cells (Caco2) that have been exposed to benzo(a)pyrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon found in cigarette smoke. The mechanism by which this drug inhibits cell proliferation is not fully understood but may involve inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), which metabolizes benzo(a)pyrene into carcinogenic intermediates. 4-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid has also been shown to be anisotropic and microreactor, meaning

3-Fluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl fluoride is a chemical compound that can be used as a catalyst to synthesize organic compounds. It is a colorless liquid, which is soluble in water and organic solvents. This catalyst has been shown to be more efficient than the traditional catalysts, such as tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, potassium fluoride or sodium borohydride. 3-Fluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl fluoride also reacts with nitro groups to produce dinitro compounds, which are valuable synthetic intermediates for the production of dyes and pharmaceuticals. The synthesis of this compound can be carried out in high yields with stoichiometric amounts of reactants.

4-Nitrophenylacetaldehyde is an organic compound that belongs to the group of reactive chemicals. It is synthetically derived from nitrobenzene and reacts with proton, covalent adducts, or other functional groups. 4-Nitrophenylacetaldehyde has been shown to be a target for cancer research because it can be used to produce cancer drugs by linking a variety of functional groups to the molecule. The nitrogen atom in the molecule is also a target for research because it can be converted into nitro groups and can help in the development of new drugs through dehydration reactions.

3-Phenylbut-2-enoic acid is a prochiral, carbonyl compound that can be used in the synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic studies have shown that 3-phenylbut-2-enoic acid is a catalytic hydrogenation reagent that converts prochiral substrates to their corresponding chiral products. When combined with binap and butenoic acid, 3-phenylbut-2-enoic acid can catalyze the asymmetric synthesis of butenoate. The reaction yields high enantiomeric excesses and good yields.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Di-n-octylamine is a reactive chemical that is chemically stable in the presence of nitrogen. It is used in chemical biology as a transport agent for amines and other organic compounds. Di-n-octylamine has been shown to have optimum solubility in glycol ethers, magnesium salts, and trifluoroacetic acid. This compound reacts with fatty acids to form hydroxyl groups and can be used as an extractant for glycol ethers. The mechanism of this reaction involves intramolecular hydrogen transfer from the hydroxyl group on the fatty acid to the n-octyl amine molecule.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)piperazine is a piperidine derivative that has been shown to have antidepressant activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. It acts as an antagonist at the 5-HT1A receptor and as an agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor. 1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)piperazine has been shown to inhibit the production of dopamine, serotonin, and citric acid by inhibiting the enzyme citrate synthase. This drug also increases the concentration of chloride ions in cells. 1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)piperazine is used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and other conditions that may be related to chemical imbalances of serotonin.

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Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

6-Chloro-9-(propan-2-yl)-9H-purine is an intermediate in the synthesis of nucleoside analogues. It is obtained by the catalyzed reaction of acetonitrile and purines, which undergoes regioisomerization to form a mixture of 6-chloro-9-(propyl)- and 6-chloro-9-(butyl)purine. This intermediate can be used for the alkynylation of amino acids or peptides with alkynes. The selective formation of one regioisomer can be achieved by using a chiral catalyst or by reacting with an optically active reagent such as (+)-camphor sulfonic acid.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

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Versatile small molecule scaffold

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.