Ciano-, nitrilo-

<p>4-Cyano-2-fluorobenzyl bromide is a methyl ester that can be used as a reagent for the synthesis of chiral α-amino acids. It can also be used as an enantioselective methylating agent for the synthesis of γ-secretase inhibitors. The methodology for the convergent synthesis of this compound includes alkylation with glycine followed by an enantioselective hydrolysis, which results in optically pure 4-cyano-2-fluorobenzyl bromide.</p>

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<p>2,4,6-Trimethylbenzonitrile (TMBN) is a reactive unsaturated ketone that reacts with phosphorus pentachloride to form the corresponding chloroform. It is used in nucleophilic substitution reactions and can be hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid to form an n-oxide. The reaction mechanism of TMBN with phosphorus pentachloride has been studied using molecular modeling and NMR spectroscopy. TMBN can be converted into an oxide, which can react with hydrogen chloride to form the corresponding chloroform. Reaction products include the 2,4,6-trichlorobenzonitrile (TCBN), which is a carcinogen.</p>

<p>2-Cyanophenothiazine is an aliphatic hydrocarbon that belongs to the class of industrial chemicals. It is used as a reactant in organic synthesis, such as for the production of 2-cyanophenols and 2-phenylbenzimidazole. This compound can be produced by reacting n-hexane with amide or n-dimethylformamide. 2-Cyanophenothiazine has been shown to have mitochondrial biogenesis effects and increase mitochondrial membrane potential in thp-1 cells. It also has biological properties, such as being anti-inflammatory and having antitumor activity.</p>

<p>Ethyl cyanoformate is a reactive compound that is used in organic synthesis. It has been shown to cause muscle cell proliferation and inhibit the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is responsible for regulating neurotransmitter release. Ethyl cyanoformate also has antimicrobial properties due to its ability to form an oxygenated n-oxide tautomer. The reaction mechanism of ethyl cyanoformate involves the formation of a covalent bond with the sulfhydryl group on the enzyme gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor. This prevents the binding of GABA, inhibiting nerve impulses and reducing inflammation in the bowel.</p>

<p>4-(Pyridin-2-yloxy)benzonitrile is a reagent that is used in the synthesis of heterocycles. It is also a useful intermediate for the preparation of highly substituted pyridine derivatives. 4-(Pyridin-2-yloxy)benzonitrile can be used to synthesize complex compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.</p>

<p>4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidinium) (DCJTB) is a red fluorescent dye that emits light when activated by heat. DCJTB is cationic and can be polymerized thermally or chemically. The molecule has been shown to be activated by the addition of an electron donor such as a metal chelate. This reaction takes place in the solution phase. DCJTB has been used for the diagnosis of nonpolar solvents such as gasoline and oil leaks in machine parts. DCJTB has also been used to detect groundwater contamination with trichloroethylene (TCE).</p>

<p>2-Chloro-6-cyanopyrazine is a compound that has been shown to have antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium avium. It may also have tuberculostatic activity and be useful for the treatment of tuberculosis. 2-Chloro-6-cyanopyrazine inhibits bacterial growth by binding to DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in mycobacteria. The antibacterial effect is due to its ability to inhibit amidation and alkylation reactions, as well as its nucleophilic properties. 2-Chloro-6-cyanopyrazine is an acidic compound with a pKa of 3.2, which makes it more soluble in water than hydrophobic compounds such as alkanoic acids.</p>

<p>2-Cyano-5-fluoropyridine is a potential antitubercular agent that has shown penetrability in the central nervous system and activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is orally active at low doses, and has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of mycobacterial growth and lipid synthesis. In addition, this compound also has antimycobacterial activity against M. avium complex and M. ulcerans, and is a potent inhibitor of β-amyloid aggregation.</p>

<p>Methoxyacetonitrile is a chemical that is used in the manufacture of acrylate polymers. Acrylate polymers are used in animal health, such as plastics for veterinary use and as a coating on animal feed. Methoxyacetonitrile can be used to create a cationic polymerization reaction with an organic solution. The resulting polymer film has been shown to have good chemical stability. Productivity depends on the temperature and size of the particles, which can be controlled with an electric field or by changing the concentration of reactants. Methoxyacetonitrile may also be used as a dietary supplement because it has been shown to provide relief from chronic coughs.</p>

<p>4-Cyanobutanoic acid is a colorless organic solvent that is not soluble in water or polar organic solvents. It can be used for the immobilization of proteins, as well as for the desymmetrization and chlorination of aromatic compounds. One of its most common uses is in biocatalysis, where it acts as a substrate binding agent to help catalyze reactions. 4-Cyanobutanoic acid has also been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria by acting as an electron acceptor during metabolism. This compound can be degraded through hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid or biodegradation.</p>

<p>Alpha-acetylphenylacetonitrile is a synthetic chemical compound that is used as a reagent in the analytical methods of wastewater. It has been shown to be an effective bifunctional agent for the treatment of wastewater, with fluorescence properties that can be used for detection and quantification of cyanide. Alpha-acetylphenylacetonitrile can also be used as a reagent in analytical chemistry techniques, such as gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. This chemical compound has been shown to react with naphthalene to form alpha-naphthol by heating at 190 °C, which can then be used to synthesize phenacyl acetate. The acid catalyst may be either sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.</p>

<p>Cyanoacetohydrazide is a nucleophilic compound that can react with a variety of molecules, including fatty acids and hydroxy methyl groups. The mechanism of this reaction involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ion on the carbonyl group. This type of reaction has been shown to be reversible and involve the formation of an intermediate hemiacetal, which then attacks another molecule. Cyanoacetohydrazide is used as an antimicrobial agent in some products, such as mouthwashes and toothpaste. It also has anticancer activity.</p>

<p>Cyanoguanidine is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of folic acid. This inhibits the production of DNA and protein, thereby leading to cell death. Cyanoguanidine has been shown to be effective in a model system for blood sampling and has been used as a pharmacological treatment for infectious diseases such as malaria. The optimum concentration for cyanoguanidine is between 5-20 mM, depending on the bacterial species. It can be synthesized from sulfamoyl chloride and dicyandiamide, which are commercially available chemicals. The analytical method for determining the inhibitory effects of cyanoguanidine on bacterial growth is plasma mass spectrometry.</p>

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<p>Ethyl (Ethoxymethylene) cyanoacetate is a chemical compound that belongs to the family of aldehyde compounds. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature, with an odor similar to that of acetic acid. The compound has been used in the synthesis of epidermal growth factor and diazonium salts. It has also been used in the production of anti-cancer drugs such as malonic acid, which inhibits tumor growth by inhibiting protein synthesis. Ethyl (Ethoxymethylene) cyanoacetate reacts with quinoline derivatives to form carbon disulphide, which can be used as an antimicrobial agent and insecticide.</p>

<p>3-Cyanoethylbenzoic acid is an anthropogenic compound that is produced by the Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzoyl chloride and acrylonitrile in the presence of a base. 3-Cyanoethylbenzoic acid is used as a solvent for chromatographic methods, such as gradient elution, ion exchange, and reversed phase. 3-Cyanoethylbenzoic acid has been used to determine the optical purity of benzoate salts and amides. This compound can be taken orally in solid oral dosage form or enterically in liquid oral dosage form. 3-Cyanoethylbenzoic acid interacts with other drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A4, such as erythromycin, to produce an active metabolite (N-desmethyldesipramide).</p>

<p>p-(Methylthio)phenylacetonitrile (p-MTPA) is a synthetic analgesic that belongs to the group of benzyl derivatives. It has analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties. p-MTPA is used in organic synthesis as a hydrolysis reagent for benzyl halides. The drug has been shown to be an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and exerts its effects by decreasing prostaglandin production. P-MTPA is also decarboxylated to produce benzoic acid and phenylacetic acid, which have acidic properties.</p>