Quinonas

Protohypericin is a photosensitizer, which is a compound known for its ability to absorb light and induce a photodynamic response. This compound is derived from the plant Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St. John's Wort. The primary mode of action of protohypericin involves the absorption of specific wavelengths of light, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS are capable of inducing cell death, primarily through mechanisms such as apoptosis and necrosis.

Sennidine B is a natural anthraquinone compound, which is derived from the plant species of the genus Senna. This compound functions primarily by promoting peristalsis in the colon, thus facilitating bowel movements. Sennidine B achieves this by modulating ion transport in the intestinal epithelium, enhancing water and electrolyte secretion, and stimulating the colonic muscles.

Ferruginin A is a marine-derived compound, classified as a natural iron chelator. It is isolated from various marine organisms, particularly sponges and seaweeds, known for their complex secondary metabolites. As an iron chelator, Ferruginin A functions by binding to free iron ions in biological systems, thereby reducing oxidative stress and preventing metal-catalyzed radical formation. This action is crucial, particularly in cellular environments where excess free iron can lead to detrimental oxidative damage.