Glycoscience

1-Deoxy-D-tagatose (1Dt) is a competitive inhibitor of glycolysis, which blocks the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. 1Dt has been shown to inhibit the growth of strain CAEN on media containing l-arabinose and d-xylose as carbon sources. 1Dt also inhibits the activity of dehydrogenase enzymes in C. elegans, leading to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and impaired locomotion. It has been shown that 1Dt can be used as a substrate for bioproduction, with hydrazone as an intermediate product. Larger molecules are produced after hydrolysis and decarboxylation of 1Dt. The most common products are tagatose, l-fucitol, and l-arabinose. 1Dt has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in animal models by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species that are generated during inflammation

Sunitinib N-glucuronide is a synthetic small molecule with a molecular weight of 517.63 Da and a chemical formula of C14H18F3N5O6S. Sunitinib N-glucuronide is a monosaccharide sugar that is modified with fluorine. It is one of the products of the methylation, custom synthesis, and click modification reactions. The CAS number for this product is 70698-74-7. Sunitinib N-glucuronide has a purity level of 98%, which means that it has less than 2% impurities. This product can be used in oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, or saccharides as a complex carbohydrate or high purity carbohydrate. It can also be used as an additive to modify the properties of monosaccharides and sugars.

<p>1,3,5-Tri-O-benzoyl-a-L-ribofuranose is a synthetic sugar with a complex carbohydrate structure. It is synthesized by the sequential addition of benzoyl groups to the alditol acetal of ribose. The molecular weight of this compound is 598.6 g/mol and its CAS number is 171866-30-1. 1,3,5-Tri-O-benzoyl-a-L-ribofuranose has been shown to be an excellent substrate for glycosylation and methylation reactions due to the presence of three reactive hydroxyl groups that can react with nucleophiles such as amines or thiols. Methylation reactions are typically carried out in the presence of sodium methoxide in methanol at room temperature for several hours. Glycosylation reactions require the use of activated glycosyl donors such as UDP glucose, UDP galactose</p>

Glucose 6-phosphatase substrate

4-Isothiocyanatophenyl-a-D-mannopyranoside is a synthetic molecule that is used for the modification of saccharides and polysaccharides. It is used in glycosylation reactions to introduce an alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine residue with a methyl group at position 6 of the pyranose ring to produce N,O-linked glycans. This product can be custom synthesized to meet specific customer requirements. It has high purity, excellent solubility in water, and does not contain any toxic impurities.

Glucotropaeolin potassium is a dietary compound that is found in plants. It contains the flavonoids progoitrin, glucosinolates, and isothiocyanates. Glucotropaeolin potassium can be extracted from plant tissue using a stable isotope to increase the quantity of extract. This extract can then be analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and colorimetric methods for its content of glucoraphanin and gluconapin. The profile of this extract can also be determined using silver ions.

<p>5-O-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-1,N-dehydro-1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribitol is a modified carbohydrate that is synthesized from D ribitol. It has been used in the preparation of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides with methylation and glycosylation. 5BDSR can be fluorinated to give 5BDSF. This product is a white crystalline solid that melts at 120°C.</p>

<p>Synthetic building block</p>

2, 3:5, 6-Di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannofuranose is a fluorinated monosaccharide that is used in glycosylation and polysaccharide modification. This compound has an O-methyl group on the hydroxyl group of the C2 position and a methyl group on the hydroxyl group of the C3 position. It is a white to off-white powder with a molecular weight of 332.37 g/mol. 2, 3:5, 6-Di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannofuranose has been shown to be stable at high temperatures and pH levels. It has a CAS number of 8061-93-0.

<p>2-Azidoethyl N-acetyl-D-lactosamine is a custom synthesis that is a complex carbohydrate. It has been modified to include methylation and glycosylation. The saccharide is composed of several sugar molecules, including glucose and galactose, which are linked by alpha (1→4) or beta (1→3) bonds. The carbohydrate can be fluorinated, which increases its stability in the presence of oxygen. This compound has CAS number 338971-38-3. 2-Azidoethyl N-acetyl-D-lactosamine is a high purity product that can be used in the modification of other carbohydrates with click chemistry.</p>

<p>Methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-di-O-pivaloyl-a-D-mannopyranoside is a synthetic carbohydrate. It is a methylated saccharide that has been modified with a click modification and an Oligosaccharide. This product is also fluorinated and complexed with other sugars.</p>

D-glucosyl-β-1,1'-N-nervonoyl-D-erythro-sphingosine is a mouse metabolite that was found to be an acyl group. This metabolite was shown to be a mouse metabolite.

(2R, 3S, 4S) -4- (Azidomethyl) - 3- fluoro- 1- (phenylmethyl) -2- azetidinecarboxylic acid methyl ester is a synthetic saccharide which is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. It has been shown to be useful for glycosylation reactions and click chemistry. This compound is also fluorinated and has a purity of 98%.

Methyl 6-chloro-6-deoxy-a-D-altropyranoside is a custom synthesis that has been modified to have fluorination and methylation. This product is a monosaccharide that has been synthesized with the click modification and oligosaccharides. It is also polysaccharides and glycosylations, which are complex carbohydrates. These modifications can be found by CAS number.

<p>The compound 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-L-altritol is a synthetic carbohydrate that is made of a monosaccharide and an oligosaccharide. The monosaccharide is a simple sugar with the chemical formula C5H10O5. The oligosaccharide has the chemical formula C2n+1(C3H3O3)n. The monosaccharide has four carbons and one oxygen molecule. The oligosaccharide also has five carbon atoms, but it also has three oxygen molecules. The two sugars are linked by a glycosidic linkage. <br>The compound was created to be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It can be modified to have fluorine atoms added to it, methyl groups added to it, or both. It can also be modified to make it into an ester or an amide. It is soluble in water and alcohol</p>

Heparin is a glycosaminoglycan which occurs in many mammalian tissues and has important anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties. The chemical structure is composed mainly of two disaccharide repeating units A and B. A is L-iduronic acid 2-suplhate linked α-(1,4) to 2-deoxy-2-sulfamido-D-galactose 6-sulphate while B is D-glucuronic acid β-(1,4) linked to 2-deoxy-2-sulfamido-D-glucose 6-sulphate.

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 2-deoxy-3-benzyl-4,6-O-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranoside is a custom synthesis that has been modified with fluorination and carbamoylation. This product is an oligosaccharide that belongs to the group of polysaccharides. It is a complex carbohydrate that has been synthesized from monosaccharides and sugar. 4MPBGP is soluble in water and has high purity levels.<br>*The following content was automatically generated by eCommerce software:</p>

L-Galactose is a glycol ether that has been shown to have antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria. It acts by inhibiting the synthesis of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is required for the synthesis of bacterial cell walls and their components. L-Galactose also has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Gram-negative bacteria by preventing methyl glycoside formation. L-Galactose has been used in polymerase chain reaction assays as a competitive inhibitor in analytical methods. It can be used at concentrations up to 5% and does not affect x-ray diffraction data or pluripotent cells. L-galactose can be used as a preservative in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and ointments due to its mildness and lack of toxicity. The use of L-galactose in these products may prevent spoilage due to microbial contamination.

<p>2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(6-sulfo-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranose sodium salt (6F3G) is a synthetic, fluorinated monosaccharide that has been used as a probe for the study of glycosylation and polysaccharide synthesis. 6F3G has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the enzyme D-glycerate kinase, which catalyzes the conversion of D-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. This inhibition leads to a decrease in the formation of ATP and NADH, which provides evidence that 6F3G binds to the active site of this enzyme.</p>

<p>1,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-L-mannose (TOMF) is a modified sugar that can be synthesized from glucose. It is a complex carbohydrate with a CAS number of 83884-96-8 and molecular formula C12H14F6O8. TOMF is an Oligosaccharide that can be modified by methylation, glycosylation, or click modification. It is often used as a starting material in the synthesis of saccharides or polysaccharides and has been shown to have antiviral activity against HIV. TOMF can also be fluorinated to create 1,3,4-tri-O-(2′,6′Dideoxyfluorofluoro)-2-[(1′R)-1′-(3′R)-3′-(trifluoromethyl)butyryl]-L-</p>

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-xylopyranose is a sugar that is used as a regulatory agent in the synthesis of other sugars. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of lipolytic enzymes in vitro and may be useful for controlling obesity. 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-xylopyranose is also able to disrupt the structure of bacterial membranes and has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on p. aeruginosa. The element analysis indicates that this compound contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

<p>Quinovosamine hydrochloride (QNH) is a fatty acid that belongs to the group of galacturonic acid. It has been shown to be biologically active in wild-type strains and in some bacterial strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. QNH has also been used for preparation of monoclonal antibodies directed against receptor activity, which are activated by QNH.</p>

<p>3-Deoxy-3-fluoro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-a-D-xylofuranose is a custom synthesis that has been modified by substitution of the hydroxyl group with fluorine. It is an oligosaccharide with a glycosylation site at C3. This product has been synthesized by a click modification reaction, which is followed by methylation to produce the desired product. 3-Deoxy-3-fluoro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-a-D-xylofuranose is soluble in water and has high purity.</p>

<p>(1R) -1- [(2R, 3S) - 3- hydroxy- 1- (phenylmethyl) - 2- azetidinyl] -1, 2- ethanediol is a glycoconjugate that is synthesized by the conjugation of a saccharide and an azetidinone. It is modified with fluorine and methyl groups to produce a versatile molecule for use in various fields such as glycosylation, complex carbohydrate, Methylation, Click modification, Polysaccharide, Fluorination, saccharide, Modification and sugar. The compound has CAS No. 1338054-16-2 and molecular formula C14H18FNO4. This product can be custom synthesized to meet customers' needs.</p>

<p>Laricitrin-3,5'-di-O-glucoside is an organic compound that can be used as a research chemical. Laricitrin-3,5'-di-O-glucoside is a building block for the synthesis of other compounds and has been used in the synthesis of novel antibiotics. This compound is also a useful intermediate in the production of 3,6-dihydroxychalcone.</p>

Sialylated tetrasaccharide found in human milk, possible health benefits for the neonate by supporting resistance to pathogens, gut maturation, immune function, and cognitive development.   Purity typically above 60%.  Contains other oligosaccharide fragments.  For a typical IC trace see datasheet section

<p>The polysaccharide Lentinan is isolated from the mushroom L. edodes (shitake mushroom). The primary structure is a β-(1–3)-glucose backbone with two (1–6)-β-glucose branches for each five glucose resiodues. Lentinan is clinically used for cancer treatment both in China and Japan. According to the clinical studies published in and outside of China, lentinan-based drugs are used for the treatment of various cancers, including lung, gastric, colorectal and other cancers. In addition, lentinan-based drugs are also used for treating HIV, hepatitis and malignant pleural effusion.</p>

<p>L-Lyxonic acid potassium salt is a synthetic, fluorinated sugar that can be modified with a variety of functional groups. It is an excellent starting material for the synthesis of glycosylations, oligosaccharides, and sugar derivatives. L-Lyxonic acid potassium salt is typically used as a sugar substitute in food products. L-Lyxonic acid potassium salt is also used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and saccharides. L-Lyxonic acid potassium salt has been modified to include Click chemistry or other modifications to improve its properties.</p>

2,3,5-Tri-O-acetyl-L-arabinofuranosyl fluoride is a monosaccharide sugar that has been fluorinated. It is a custom synthesis of methylation and click modification. The CAS number for this product is 565-64-8. This product has been modified to make it more resistant to degradation by enzymes such as alpha amylase and beta amylase. It is also used for polysaccharide synthesis and saccharides with higher purity than other products on the market. This product is synthesized from natural sources, making it high in purity and suitable for use in food production.END>

<p>L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone is an acidic compound that has kinetic properties. It is used in the assays of chloride ions and neutral pH. L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone also has conjugates with hydrolytic activity and can be used as a synthetic intermediate for other organic compounds. L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone can be found in group P2 of the periodic table because it contains a hydroxyl group and an organic group with a methyl ethyl side chain. L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone hydrolyzes at high temperatures and may exhibit synergistic effects when combined with other agents. This product is also used to incubate cells such as k562 cells.</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 3,4-di-O-benzyl-a-D-mannopyranoside is a glycosylated, complex carbohydrate with a methylated and fluorinated saccharide. This product is available for custom synthesis and can be ordered in high purity.</p>

<p>The compound is an oligosaccharide with a complex carbohydrate. The product is custom synthesized and has been modified by fluorination. It is a high purity, synthetic monosaccharide sugar that is methylated.</p>

<p>2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-galactopyranose is a synthetic monosaccharide that can be used as a glycosylate building block in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. It has been fluorinated, methylated, and click modified. This high purity material is available for custom synthesis. 2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-galactopyranose is also known by its CAS number 7368-73-2.</p>

<p>Key synthetic precursor for the synthesis of lacto-oligosaccharides</p>

<p>b-D-Glucose-1-phosphate disodium salt is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone. It is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6P2Na2. It has a molecular weight of 348.08 g/mol.</p>

<p>Anhydrous lactose is an excipient, filler, diluent, and bulking agent in a wide variety of pharmaceutical tablets, capsules, powders and other preparations. It also has applications as a nutrient and multi-functional ingredient in infant formulae, geriatric, dietetic and health foods and may be used as an ingredient in culture media.</p>

β-(1→2)-Oligomannoside constituents of the Candida albicans cell wall have been shown to possess immunostimulatory properties, as evidenced by induction of cytokine production, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, in humans and mice. In particular, oligosaccharide fractions, isolated and fractionated from the C. albicans cell wall, have been shown to induce TNF production in mouse macrophages. Therefore, biological studies employing well-defined synthetic β-(1→2)-linked oligomannoside compounds are of interest for verifying and studying in detail the proposed immunostimulatory properties of such constructs.

2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl amine (A2DG) is a diagnostic marker for juvenile idiopathic polyarteritis nodosa. This molecule is an intermediate in the synthesis of the carbohydrate, heparin. The A2DG assay measures concentrations of this metabolite in plasma samples and can be used to diagnose vasculitis and other inflammatory diseases. Novartis has developed a metabolite profiling technique that uses mass spectrometry to identify molecules present in cell culture or plasma samples. This technique has been used to measure levels of A2DG metabolites in patients with vasculitis, including juvenile idiopathic polyarteritis nodosa.

<p>D-Galactosamine (GalN) is an aldohexose (2-Amino-2-deoxygalactose) in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 is replaced by an amino group (Collins, 2006). Galactosamine (as the N-Acetyl derivative) forms a key part of both N- and O-linked glycoproteins, glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans. Treatment of experimental animals with D-galactosamine / lipopolysaccharide causes lethal liver injury characterized by apoptosis of the hepatocyte and it is used as a laboratory model to study the effect of therapeutic agents (Hirono, 2001).</p>

Paromamine is a chemical compound that inhibits protein synthesis by enzymatic inactivation. It has been shown to have a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Paromamine also has the ability to inhibit bacterial growth at high salt concentrations, making it an attractive candidate for development as an oral antibiotic drug. Paromamine is synthesized from natural products, such as salicylaldehyde or phenylhydrazine, which are readily available and inexpensive. The reaction mechanism for the formation of paromamine starts with dehydration of the hydroxyl group on the hydrazine to form a carbonyl group. This carbonyl group reacts with sephadex g-100 to form a cyanohydrin. The cyanohydrin reacts with ammonia to form an amide bond between the two nitrogen atoms in the molecule, which forms paromamine.

<p>L-Mannitol is a sugar alcohol that is an important component of pharmaceutical preparations. It is used as a preservative, diluent, and sweetener in many pharmaceutical products. L-Mannitol has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and may help prevent allergic reactions by inhibiting the production of prostaglandin D2. L-Mannitol also inhibits the activity of xylitol dehydrogenase, which prevents the conversion of xylitol to DHA, an intermediate metabolite that can cause tissue damage in animals and humans. L-Mannitol has been shown to have a laxative effect when taken orally or injected as an intravenous solution. This property may be due to its ability to stimulate chloride secretion from intestinal cells and increase water reabsorption from the colon. L-Mannitol is also used as a chromatographic matrix for saponins and conjugates with other amino acids.</p>

<p>Laminaran is a polysaccharide that co-occurs with fucoidan and alginate in brown seaweeds such as Laminaria digitata, Laminaria cloustoni, Eisenia bicyclis and Thallus laminariae. It is a β-1,3-linked glucan which it is claimed stimulates the immune system in mammals and fish.<br>The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.</p>

Methyl (phenyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-1-thio-b-D-glucopyranoside)uronate is a synthetic glycosylation product. It is the methyl ester of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzylated glucuronic acid. This product can be used for the modification of polysaccharides and saccharides with click chemistry. The synthesis of this compound can be customized to meet your needs.

<p>1-O-Methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside is a matrix component that is used as an artificial sweetener. This product has been shown to have the ability to protect cells against radiation and toxic chemicals. 1-O-Methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside also inhibits the growth of coliform bacteria by inhibiting their energy metabolism and may be used for wastewater treatment. It has been shown to be effective in analytical methods to identify the presence of human feces in water samples.</p>

<p>D-Galactosamine-1-phosphate is a precursor of UDP-glucose and is used in the synthesis of fatty acids. D-Galactosamine-1-phosphate is synthesized by the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, which catalyzes the reaction between UDP and D-galactose. It is expressed in strains that have been engineered to produce recombinant proteins. This product can be produced in vitro by a number of methods, including enzymatic or chemical synthesis. The enzyme activity of D-galactosamine 1 phosphate synthase is temperature dependent, with optimal activity at 40°C. This product has been shown to inhibit hepatitis virus production and lipid formation in vitro.</p>

<p>Ethyl β-D-glucuronide (EBG) is a metabolite of ethanol that is formed by the conjugation of glucuronic acid to ethanol in the liver. EBG has been shown to be a potential biomarker for alcohol consumption, as it can be detected in urine and blood. The presence of this molecule has also been associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. EBG may also have pharmacological effects as it has been shown to inhibit lipid oxidation and increase insulin sensitivity. This molecule can be extracted from human serum using solid phase microextraction</p>

<p>Galactose from plant origin, animal free production</p>

<p>1-O-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-5-O-DMT-2-O-methyl-D-ribose 3-CE phosphoramidite is a methylated saccharide which can be used in the synthesis of polysaccharides. This product is custom synthesized and has high purity, with a CAS number of 138876-62-1. It is also fluorinated, and can be used for complex carbohydrate synthesis.</p>

<p>Formononetin-b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a synthetic compound that is commonly used as a building block in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Formononetin-b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is also known to be an inhibitor of human DNA polymerase alpha, which has been shown to inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). Formononetin-b-D-glucuronide sodium salt has high purity, with a purity level of &gt;99%.</p>

<p>N-Acetylneuraminic acid sodium salt is present in various natural sources, including glycoproteins and glycolipids found in animal tissues. As a sialic acid, N-Acetylneuraminic acid sodium salt plays a critical role in cellular recognition processes due to its involvement in the terminal position of glycan chains. This position allows it to participate in cellular communication, influencing processes like cell adhesion and pathogen interactions.The compound is extensively utilized in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology, primarily for studies concerning cell surface glycoconjugates. Its ability to modulate interactions at the cell surface makes it invaluable for research into mechanisms of infection, immunity, and cell signaling. Additionally, N-Acetylneuraminic acid sodium salt finds applications in pharmaceutical research, particularly in the development of antiviral drugs where modulation of sialic acid interactions is key. The compound’s biochemical properties enable scientists to explore and elucidate complex biological phenomena, contributing to advances in therapeutic strategies and molecular pathology.</p>

2,3-O-Isopropylidene-D-glyceraldehyde is an acetal protected glyceraldehyde building block for use in organic chemistry. The aldehyde group of 2,3-O-Isopropylidene-D-glyceraldehyde is left unprotected which allows for a range of reactions to be performed. These include aldol condensations, olefinations, Grignard reactions and imine formation, including reductive amination.

<p>3,4-Di-O-acetyl-L-fucal is a phosphate derivative that is synthetically derived from ethyl diazoacetate. It has cytotoxic properties and is readily activated by phosphorylation to form the active form. 3,4-Di-O-acetyl-L-fucal has been shown to be effective against leukemia cells in vitro and may be useful as an adjuvant treatment for lymphocytic leukemia. 3,4-Di-O-acetyl-L-fucal also inhibits the growth of staphylococci in vitro, but it is not active against other bacteria such as Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The enantiomer of 3,4 Di O acetyl - L - fucal is inactive because it cannot be phosphorylated.</p>

Apogossypol is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to have anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have shown that apogossypol inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, which are compounds that can cause inflammation. Apogossypol also has been shown to inhibit apoptosis in cancer cells, which is a programmed cell death process. Apogossypol may be useful as an anticancer agent due to its ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit inflammation in cancer cells.

<p>4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-galactose is an anomer of D-galactose. It is a lectin that has been shown to inhibit the binding of amyloid beta to the cerebroside in the brain tissue. This activity may be due to its ability to form an amide bond with galactose, which is present in amyloid beta. 4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-galactose also has a coronary heart disease prevention effect and can help reduce cholesterol levels. Furthermore, it has been found to have anti-cancer properties and can help prevent the growth of cancerous cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. In addition, 4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-galactose can be used as a cationic surfactant or detergent composition for cleaning or treating surfaces.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of β-galactosidase</p>

<p>2-O-Hydroxyethyl-D-glucose is a synthesised compound that has been glycosidically linked to the glucoside. This compound is an intramolecular glucoside with a bicyclic structure. It can be used in the synthesis of other compounds, such as 3-o-hydroxypropyl-D-glucose, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects.</p>

2,5-Anhydro-4,6-di-O-benzoyl-D-glucitol is a nucleoside analog that has been shown to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other bacterial strains. It inhibits DNA synthesis by binding to the thymine moiety in the helix, which blocks access of thymine to the enzyme DNA polymerase. 2,5-Anhydro-4,6-di-O-benzoyl-D-glucitol also inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to the ribose moiety in nucleotides and blocking access of ribose to enzymes involved in the process. This compound is used as an immunosuppressant for organ transplantation in humans.

<p>3,6-Dideoxy-D-arabino-hexose is a sugar that is found in bacterial cell walls. It is made up of three components: 3,6-dideoxy-D-glycero-hexose and two fatty acids. The chemical structure of 3,6-dideoxy-D-arabino-hexose has been determined by chemical synthesis and spectroscopic analysis. This sugar residue is also used in the biosynthesis of the lipid A antigen found on gram negative bacteria.</p>

A fucan sulphate found in brown marine algae (Phaeophyta-typically Fucus vesiculotus, Sargassum (illustrated), Alaria and Cladosiphon) and has been shown to have anticoagulant activity. The main constituents are α-1,4 and α-1,2 linked L-fucose sulphates although galactose and L-fucose are also present, our product contains approximately 20% L-fucose, and there are many variations of the basic structure found in different species of Phaeophyta. The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.

<p>1,5-Anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-D-threo-pent-1-enitol is a high purity compound that is synthesized from D-threo pent 1 enitol. It is a sugar that belongs to the category of complex carbohydrates. This product can be custom synthesized and modified according to customer requirements.</p>

Dermatan sulphate hexasaccharide ammonium salt is a complex carbohydrate modified with an oligosaccharide. Dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide ammonium salt is a synthetic, high purity chemical produced by custom synthesis. This compound has CAS No. 849-27-6. It is a monosaccharide that can be methylated and glycosylated to form polysaccharides of different lengths and configurations. Dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide ammonium salt is a sugar that can be fluorinated or saccharified to produce compounds of varying molecular weights and properties.

<p>Furaneol beta-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic sugar that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. Furaneol beta-D-glucopyranoside has been modified by methylation and fluorination, which allows it to be used in click chemistry. Furaneol beta-D-glucopyranoside is also a high purity compound with a custom synthesis available for purchase.</p>

<p>2-Deoxy-L-fucose is a sugar that is found in the human body. It has been shown to have anti-tumour properties and can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of solid tumours. 2DFL binds to the receptor for fucose, which is expressed in many types of cancer cells. It also inhibits DNA synthesis by stabilizing a complex between the sugar and dna template, inhibiting the binding of monoclonal antibodies to cancer cells, and preventing glycosidic bond formation on cancer cells. 2DFL has also been shown to inhibit microbial biotransformation and cell culture.</p>

3,5-Di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-ribonic acid-1,4-lactone (3DBR) is a nucleoside that has been shown to have antiaging properties. It has been found to be an effective scavenger of peroxyl radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). 3DBR also inhibits the formation of aluminum oxide and styrene by catalyzing the salt formation reaction. This compound also has anti-tumour activity and can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. It is heat resistant and can be combined with gemcitabine hydrochloride in chemotherapy.

Galactose (Gal) is the C4 epimer of glucose with one hydroxyl group axial which by Hudsons rules makes it slightly less stable than glucose (Hudson, 1948). However, galactose is very common in plants and animals, and occurs in many polysaccharides, such as, galactomannans (e.g. Guar, Locust Bean Gum), Carrageenans , Agar (L-Galactose), Hemicellulose, Gum Arabic [link] and galactans (e.g. from Lupin) (Whistler, 1993). Galactose is one of the key mammalian monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine and sialic acid) and it occurs in blood, milk, gangliosides, N- and O-linked glycans (Gabius, 2009). Like glucose, galactose exhibits mutarotation (Acree, 1968) and is optically active (dextrorotary) with L-galactose as its enantiomer (levorotary).

<p>5-Deoxy-5-dimethylamino-1,2-O-isopropylidene-a-D-xylofuranose is a fluorinated monosaccharide that is used as a synthetic building block for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It is used in glycosylation reactions to introduce fluoride at the anomeric carbon. 5-Deoxy-5-dimethylamino-1,2-O-isopropylidene is also used in click modification reactions to modify methyl groups. The CAS number for 5DDAIWF is 14514743. 9. This product has high purity with a purity of greater than 99%.</p>

This compound is generally known as sucralfate and is a medication for the treatment of active duodenal ulcers. It is also used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stress ulcers.  Sucralfate is a sucrose sulfate-aluminium complex that binds to the ulcer, creating a physical barrier that protects the gastrointestinal tract from stomach acid and prevents the degradation of mucus. It also promotes bicarbonate production and acts like an acid buffer with cytoprotective properties.

D-Galactosamine is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that is found in the mammalian cell. N-Thioglycolyl-D-galactosamine is a synthetic analog of D-galactosamine that was developed to study the biosynthesis of GAGs and glycoconjugates in cells. This molecule can be activated by hematopoietic cells, which leads to an increase in o-glycosylation and galnac synthesis.

Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside is an acetamido derivative of the sugar galactose. It is a white powder that is soluble in water and sparingly soluble in methanol. Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside is used as a substituent for the synthesis of other compounds.

<p>1,5-a-L-Arabinobiose is a sugar that is found in mammalian tissue and has been shown to have enzyme activities. It can be prepared by high performance liquid chromatography and titration calorimetry. 1,5-a-L-Arabinobiose has hydrogen bonding interactions with its neighbouring molecules and surface methodology. It also has structural analysis with hydrogen bonds and phenolic acids. 1,5-a-L-Arabinobiose is used as a probiotic bacteria growth factor in microalgal cultures.</p>

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-benzyl-6-O-triisopropylsilyl-b-D-galactopyranose is a synthetic compound that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It is a methylated derivative of galactose. The silyl protecting group on the benzyl side chain can be removed by hydrolysis with acid to give 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-(hydroxymethyl)galactopyranose. This product can be converted to 1-(2,3,4,-trihydroxypropoxy)-2-(1,1'-biphenyl)-6H-thiopyran using click chemistry. The hydroxymethyl group on position 4 can be fluorinated at the 4' position to give 1-(2',3',4'-trihydroxyprop</p>

<p>Ethyl 2-O-benzyl-4-O-benzyl-3-O-levulinoyl-b-D-thioglucuronide methyl ester is a custom synthesis, modification, fluorination, methylation and glycosylation of an oligosaccharide. This compound is a synthetic derivative of the natural product bryostatin. The chemical structure contains a monosaccharide that is modified with two benzoyl groups and one levulinoyl group at the C2 position. Ethyl 2-O-benzoyl-4-O-benzyl-3-O-levulinoyl -b D thioglucuronide methyl ester has been shown to have antiviral properties and can be used as an antiinflammatory agent.</p>

<p>Zeta-cyclodextrin (ζ-CD) consists of 11 glucose units. Its larger cavity size offers potential for encapsulating larger guest molecules or forming more complex inclusion compounds.</p>

L-glucose is a monosaccharide that is an important source of energy for the human body. The glucose molecule consists of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms. Glucose enters cells with the help of insulin and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. It has been shown that L-glucose can inhibit viral replication in vitro, such as HIV and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). L-Glucose may be used to treat squamous carcinoma by reducing the redox potential in cancer cells. L-Glucose inhibits the growth of c. glabrata by inhibiting transcription activators and enzymes involved in glycolysis. L-Glucose also has hypoglycemic effects on humans by reducing cortisol concentrations in human serum.

Eugenol-glucuronide is an indirubin analog that has been found to have potent anticancer properties. It acts as a kinase inhibitor, blocking the activity of proteins that are involved in cancer cell growth and proliferation. Eugenol-glucuronide induces apoptosis, a process by which damaged or abnormal cells are eliminated from the body. It has been shown to be effective against human and Chinese hamster ovary tumor cells in vitro. This medicinal compound is excreted in urine and has potential for use in cancer treatment as an inhibitor of tumor growth.

Scleroglucan is produced by the fermentation of the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. It is a glucan with a main chain of 1,3-linked β-D-glucopyranosyl units with every third unit having a single β-D-glucopyranosyl unit linked 1,6. Scleroglucan powders disperse in water and give very viscous shear thinning solutions. Applications are in the oil industry in enhanced oil recovery, in agriculture in sprays and in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The image was kindly provided by Dr. Chris Lawson.

For synthesis of D-Altritol nucleosides

6-Bromo-6-deoxy-D-glucose is a sugar that is used to study the function of glucose transporters in cellular membranes. This compound has been shown to be a substrate for glucose transporters, where it binds in a nucleophilic manner. 6-Bromo-6-deoxy-D-glucose has been used as an inhibitor of glucose transport and as an x-ray crystal structure model for studying the binding mechanism of glucose transporters. 6-Bromo-6-deoxy-D-glucose has also been used to study the reaction system between glucose and sodium hydrogen carbonate, which is important for understanding how cells regulate blood sugar levels.

4-Bromophenyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a custom synthesis product. It has been modified with fluorination, methylation and click modification. This product is an oligosaccharide which can be used for saccharide or polysaccharide synthesis. The purity of this product is high and it has been synthesized from a monosaccharide.

<p>Gycosaminoglycan in many organs; joint lubricant and shock absorber</p>

<p>4-Methylphenyl 3-O-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,6-O-[(R)-phenylmethylene]-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside is a synthetic glycosaminoglycan. It is a complex carbohydrate that contains a saccharide and an oligosaccharide bound to each other by an aminosugar link. 4-Methylphenyl 3-O-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,6-O-[(R)-phenylmethylene]-1-thio-α-D mannopyranoside has been synthesized with the use of Click chemistry and fluorination. The CAS number for this compound is 1071226–24–8. This compound was custom synthesized in high purity.</p>

<p>4-Methylphenyl 4,6-O-[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)silylene]-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside is a synthetic sugar that is used in the glycosylation of proteins. It is synthesized from 4-methylphenol and 1,1'-dimethylethylsilylene in the presence of trichlorosilane, followed by silylation with trimethylchlorosilane. The fluorinated site can be modified to suit your needs by following a Click chemistry protocol. This product has CAS No. 1242144-05-3 and is available for custom synthesis upon request.</p>

2,3-O-Isopropylidene-D-ribonic acid-1,4-lactone is an organic compound that belongs to the class of lactones. It is a chiral molecule with two asymmetric carbons and four stereogenic atoms. This compound can be used for the synthesis of optically active compounds. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of morpholines and phosphonates. 2,3-O-Isopropylidene-D-ribonic acid-1,4-lactone can be synthesized by reacting an enolate with an aldehyde in the presence of a base and acid catalyst. The acid catalyst causes elimination of water from the enolate to produce the desired product.

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-benzyl-6-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-a-D-mannopyranose is a synthetic glycoside that can be used as a building block for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It is a fluorinated sugar that can be modified with methyl groups and other functional groups. This product is available in high purity and can be custom synthesized to meet your specific needs.</p>

Chitobiose 2HCl is a synthetic sugar that has been modified using Click chemistry. It is a fluorescent sugar that can be used as an indicator for protein-sugar interactions. Chitobiose 2HCl is soluble in water and has a molecular weight of 258.078 g/mol.

1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranose, also known as beta-D-galactose pentaacetate, has high chemical stability and long shelf life. This protected form of galactose is a key building block of any chemical synthesis of galactose-containing oligosaccharides or glycoconjugates. In the presence of Lewis acids it can be used as a glycosyl donor to make simple glycosides. In order to perform more complex galactosylations it can be converted into more reactive donors, such as glycosyl halides or thioglycosides.

L-[UL-13C6]Rhamnose monohydrate is a high purity, custom synthesis sugar. It has been modified with fluorination, glycosylation and methylation to synthesize a complex carbohydrate. This compound has been shown to be useful in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. L-[UL-13C6]Rhamnose monohydrate is also used in click chemistry, which is a new method that uses the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction to form stable covalent bonds between molecules. The CAS number for this compound is 10030-85-0 (unlabelled).

<p>Methyl 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4,6-O-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-a-D-mannopyranoside is a custom synthesis that contains a fluorinated sugar with a methyl group attached to the 4 position. The oligosaccharide is synthesized through click chemistry and has been modified with an acetate at the 6 position. The CAS number is 108739-53-0. The carbohydrate is a complex carbohydrate that can be found in nature or synthesized in the laboratory.</p>

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-benzoyl-6-O-trityl-b-D-glucopyranose is a custom synthesis that can be used for methylation and Click modification. This compound is an oligosaccharide consisting of sugar molecules linked by glycosidic bonds. It is a polysaccharide with a saccharide repeating unit composed of monosaccharides. The carbohydrate chain contains 1,2,3,4 tetra O benzoyl groups and 6 O trityl groups. This product has a high purity and can be used in the synthesis of other compounds. 1,2,3,4 Tetra O benzoyl 6 O trityl b D glucopyranose (1) was synthesized from 4-(2'-hydroxyethyl)benzaldehyde (2), 4-(2'-hydroxyethyl)benzoic acid (3),

<p>L-Gulono-gamma-lactone is a natural vitamin C metabolite that is synthesized from L-ascorbic acid in the liver. It has been shown to inhibit the oxidase and other enzymes involved in ascorbic acid metabolism, which may be due to its ability to bind to iron. L-Gulono-gamma-lactone also inhibits polymerase chain reactions in rat liver microsomes and inhibits the activities of ascorbic acid and glutathione reductase in rat hepatic tissues. This compound is not active against humans, but it has been shown to have antioxidation properties.</p>

<p>Sugars formed by photosynthesis are essential for plant’s nutrition and they can be carried by a sophisticated system called phloem from the leaves to the root tips. Since the phloem is a delicate tissue composed of various specialized cell types, the study of its structure and functions remains a challenging task. Recently, fluorescent coumarin glucoside derivatives, including esculin (Plant Physiology 2015, 1211-1220) have been used as phloem probes. Among the probes tested, only esculin and fraxin are transported, while skimmin is not, suggesting a certain specifity of natural coumarin glucosides for the transporter AtSUC2.</p>

<p>D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5,6-tetraphosphate sodium salt is a colony-stimulating factor that is involved in the regulation of metabolism and growth. It has been shown to increase the number of blood cells in rats with myeloid leukemia by acting on stem cells. D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5,6-tetraphosphate sodium salt binds to stem cell factor receptors on cell membranes to activate the receptor activity and initiate protein synthesis. This leads to increased production of hematopoietic cells and monoclonal antibodies. D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5,6-tetraphosphate sodium salt also stimulates erythropoiesis by regulating red blood cell production through its interaction with epidermal growth factor (EGF).</p>

Simvastatin acyl-b-D-glucuronide is a synthetic compound that is not naturally occurring. It has a molecular weight of 571.67 and the CAS number 463962-56-3. The chemical formula for this compound is C30H44O8 and its structural formula is shown below. The purity of this product is >99% and it has been modified with fluorination to improve solubility in water.

<p>D-Arabinose is a dinucleotide phosphate that is an important metabolic intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. It has been shown to have pharmacological effects, such as enzyme inhibition and binding to DNA. D-Arabinose has been used in biochemical studies of energy metabolism and related areas. D-Arabinose is converted to ribitol by ribitol dehydrogenase, which can be oxidized to ribulose 5-phosphate by ribulose 5-phosphate dehydrogenase. The conversion of D-arabinose to ribitol requires NAD(P)H, which provides the reducing power for this reaction. The conversion of ribitol to ribulose 5-phosphate also requires NAD(P)H, but does not produce any reducing power. A redox potential measurement was used to determine the relative reduction potentials of the two reactions and found that they are equal at -0.5 volts (V).</p>