Glycoscience

Heparin is a complex carbohydrate that has been modified by the addition of a sugar and a sulfate group. It is used in the treatment of thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and other blood clots. Heparin disaccharide IV-S disodium salt (HDS) is an intravenous form of heparin that consists of sodium salts of two saccharides: heparin disaccharide and sodium disulfate. HDS has been shown to be more potent than unfractionated heparin in animal models, as well as being more effective in preventing clot formation in humans. This drug also exhibits less frequent side effects such as skin rash, itching, or hives.

3-O-(a-L-Fucopyranosyl)-4-O-(3-sialyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucose is a modification of the complex carbohydrate, oligosaccharide, monosaccharide, and polysaccharide. It is synthesized by methylation of glucose and glycosylation with sialic acid. The product has a CAS number and a high purity level. This product is an example of a synthetic oligosaccharide that has been fluorinated. The product can be used as an additive or preservative in food products.

<p>D-Talitol is a drug that is used to treat eye disorders and chronic pulmonary diseases. It belongs to the class of drugs called xylitol dehydrogenase inhibitors. D-Talitol inhibits the enzyme xylitol dehydrogenase, which converts xylitol into a different sugar called sorbitol. Sorbitol accumulates in certain parts of cells, such as the mitochondria, and can disrupt cellular processes by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. In addition, there are other effects of sorbitol accumulation that may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, including inhibition of protein synthesis, induction of apoptosis (cell death), and inhibition of cell proliferation. D-Talitol has been shown to inhibit the growth of chronic kidney cells in culture by interfering with cellular metabolism in mitochondria.<br>A kinetic study has also shown that D-Talitol inhibits b-raf activity at concentrations that are not cytotoxic. This suggests that D-Talitol may be useful for</p>

<p>Larch arabinogalactan is extracted from the heartwood of the western larch Larix occidentalis. This compound has a backbone of 1,3-linked β-D-galactopyranosyl units each of which contains a side chain at position C-6. Arabinogalactans are used as emulsifiers, stabilizers and binders in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as low viscosity dietary fibres and as a prebiotic fibres.</p>

Glycosyl-donor for syntheses of N-acetylgalactosamine-glycoconjugates

<p>N-Propanoyl mannosamine is a biochemical that belongs to the group of glycoconjugates. It is an intracellular messenger that modulates the concentration of intracellular calcium and controls the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). N-Propanoyl mannosamine has been shown to stimulate axonal growth in cell culture, which is mediated by the polysialic acid receptor. This molecule also has a role in human osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.<br>N-Propanoyl mannosamine can be synthesized from dopamine and erythrose via a series of reactions involving acidification, oxidation, reduction, and decarboxylation. The synthesis of this molecule requires blood group O as an acceptor.</p>

a-D-Glucose-1-phosphate dipotassium salt hydrate (aDG1P) is a glycogen synthesis inhibitor that inhibits the phosphorylases in the breakdown of glycogen. It also inhibits the synthesis of glycogen by inhibiting ATPase activity, which is required for the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate. The inhibition of phosphorylases and ATPase activity prevents the phosphorylation of glucose and leads to a decrease in glycogen synthesis. aDG1P has been shown to be effective in both animal models and human subjects for treating muscle disease such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

<p>Dextran is α-(1,6)-linked α-D-glucan produced by fermentation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides via the action of the enzyme dextransucrase on sucrose. The main use for native dextran is as a blood plasma extender in blood transfusions. A complex of iron with dextran, known as iron dextran, is used as a source of iron to baby piglets which are often anaemic at birth.</p>

1,2,3,5,6-Penta-O-benzoyl-D-galactofuranose is a sugar that is custom synthesized and can be modified with fluorination. This product has a CAS number of 138811-45-7 and is high purity. It can be used in glycosylation, oligosaccharide synthesis, methylation, monosaccharide synthesis and polysaccharide synthesis. It is an important building block for the modification of complex carbohydrates.

Ivory nut mannan occurs in members of the custard apple, ebony and palm families - Ivory nut. The polysaccharide contains more than 95% mannose units linked β-(1,4) with a few a-D-galactopyranosyl units linked (1,6). It is widely used in foods, pharmaceuticals paints and explosives.

<p>This is a custom synthesis of a complex carbohydrate. The CAS number is not available and the polysaccharide has been modified. It has been glycosylated, methylated, and fluorinated. It is high purity and the sugar sequence is a custom synthesis.</p>

Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar that is naturally found in some plants and animals. It is a disaccharide formed by two glucose molecules linked together with an alpha,alpha glycosidic bond. Trehalose has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria through the inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis and the production of lactic acid. Trehalose has also been shown to have excipients that are used as lubricants or suspending agents in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food products, and animal feed. Trehalose can be used as a substitute for propionate in order to create endotoxin-free aqueous solutions.

<p>This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.</p>

2-Azidomethyl-2-deoxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-6-O-tert.butyldimethylsilyl-D-talono-1.5-lactone is a synthetic compound that can be customized for your specific needs. It has been shown to have high purity and the ability to undergo a variety of modifications, such as fluorination, glycosylation, methylation, and modification. It is also available in a range of sizes and types of carbohydrate, including saccharides and oligosaccharides.

7,9-Di-O-acetyl-N-glycolyl-8-O-methylneuraminic acid is a synthetic glycolylneuraminic acid analogue that can be used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It is a prodrug that is converted to glycolylneuraminic acid by monoclonal antibody and other enzymes. 7,9-Di-O-acetyl-N-glycolyl-8-O-methylneuraminic acid inhibits the activity of necrosis factor (TNF) by binding to its receptor, thereby preventing TNF from binding to cells and stimulating inflammation. This compound has been shown to be effective against many bacteria including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Techniques used for the synthesis include high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and cavity ring down spectroscopy.

<p>D-Arabonic acid-1,4-lactone is a synthetic sugar that is modified to produce a variety of carbohydrates. This product can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. It is also used as a carbohydrate in the production of saccharide-based polymers, such as polysaccharides or polyols. This product has CAS number 2782-09-4 and a purity level of ≥99%.</p>

(1R) -1- [(2S, 3R) - N-Benzyl-3- hydroxy- 1- azetidinyl] -1, 2- ethanediol is a synthetic product that can be custom synthesized. It has been used in glycosylation reactions to produce oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. The chemical composition of the product is: C6H10O5 (CAS No. ).

<p>Benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-a-D-glucopyranoside is an acetamido sugar molecule that has been synthesized by the reaction of benzyl alcohol with a glucoside. This compound has been shown to have potential antihistamine and anticancer activities, as well as being a potential building block for the synthesis of nucleosides. The benzyl group in this sugar molecule is vicinal and the hydroxyl groups are anilines. The conformation of this molecule is determined by lysine and arginine residues on the 3' end of the sugar chain. In order to synthesize this compound, anhydrous DMSO was used as a solvent. This chemical's properties were measured using NMR spectroscopy.</p>

Intracellular form of GlcNAc; substrate for GlcNAc-phosphate deacetylase

Man-9 N-glycan is a glycoprotein that is found on the surface of many viruses. It has an oligosaccharide structure, which consists of a mannose and a glucose molecule linked by an alpha-1,3-glycosidic bond. The Man-9 N-glycan can be found in human serum and is involved in lectin binding to cells. It also has antiviral activity and may be used as a model system for studying glycosidic bonds. This glycan can be broken down into smaller components by methyl glycosides or titration calorimetry, which is a technique for determining the molecular weight of substances. The Man-9 N-Glycan binds to toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on the surface of human cells, which activates an antibody response.