Glycoscience

Inducer of cytochine and chemochine production in blood cells

GD2 oligosaccharide is the core trisaccharide structure of the ganglioside GD2 (sodium salt) (GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with its two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the central galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD2 ganglioside is expressed at a low concentration in the central nervous system, nerves, skin melanocytes and stem cells in healthy adults. On the other hand, GD2 ganglioside is overexpressed in a number of tumors, including: neuroblastoma, melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma and brain tumors. Recently, GD2 ganglioside has been found in low concentrations on breast cancer stem cells (CSC) that possess: self-renewal properties (division without disrupting the undifferentiated state) and tumor-initiating capabilities. It has been suggested that GD2 ganglioside may be developed as an effective target antigen for CSC immunotherapy (Fleurence, 2017).

Neutral hexasasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk

Difucosyllacto-N-tetraose is a lacto-n-fucopentaose that has been shown to be secreted by human milk. The index of this oligosaccharide is not significantly different between breastfed and formula-fed infants, which indicates that it is not influenced by the type of infant feed. Difucosyllacto-N-tetraose can be used as a marker for the frequency of infections in neonates and infants, because its levels are decreased in cases of infection. This oligosaccharide is also related to the diversity of oligosaccharides in colostrum, as it is one component of a subset found only in colostrum samples from healthy mothers.

6-Deoxy-2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-L-glucose is a methylated sugar that is custom synthesized for research purposes. It is an oligosaccharide with a polysaccharide backbone. 6DG has been modified with fluorination and the Click reaction to produce novel compounds. The compound has been shown to have various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects. 6DG is a sugar with a complex carbohydrate structure that can be used in synthetic chemistry for modification and modification reactions.

3-Deoxy-D-glucose (3DG) is a molecule that belongs to the class of carbohydrates. It is an analog of D-glucose, which is the key substrate for the production of energy in mammalian cells. 3DG has been shown to inhibit the uptake of glucose by trypanosomes and also inhibits glycolysis in mammalian cells. The inhibition of glycolysis may be due to its ability to prevent the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase, thus blocking the conversion of glucose into glucose 6-phosphate. 3DG is biosynthesized from d-xylose, which is a five carbon sugar that can be oxidized to form CO2 and H2O.

L-Ribose-5-phosphate disodium salt hydrate is a carbohydrate that has been modified by the addition of fluorine. L-Ribose-5-phosphate disodium salt hydrate can be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates, oligosaccharides, and sugars. It is also used in the synthesis of glycoconjugates and glycoproteins. L-Ribose-5-phosphate disodium salt hydrate is available for custom synthesis to meet specific requirements. The purity level is high, with less than 0.1% impurities. The methylation, glycosylation, and click modification are all possible modifications for this product.

Guar gum is obtained from the seed of the legume Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, an annual plant that grows mainly in semi-arid regions of India. The structure of the polysaccharide consists of a main chain of (1,4)-linked β-D-mannopyranosyl units with single α-D-galactopyranosyl units linked (1,6) on average to every second main chain unit. Guar has a high viscosity in aqueous solution, shows marked pseudoplastic behaviour and forms synergistic gels in the presence of other gums such as carrageenan and xanthan gum.

1-Deoxy-3-O-tert.butyldimethylsilyl -4,5-O-isopropylidene -D-fructose is a glycosylation reagent used to modify the carbohydrate moieties of proteins and other molecules. It reacts with a protein to produce an alpha O-linked glycosylation at the N terminus of the protein. 1DOTBSDF can be prepared by reacting 1,3,5,7-tetraacetylbenzene with methyl methanolate in the presence of butyllithium. The product is purified by crystallization from hexane and diethylether and has a melting point range of 114°C – 117°C. This compound has been reported in the literature as being used for Click modification reactions that have been reported to have improved yields in comparison to other methods.

(2R, 3R) -3- [(3aR, 4R, 6aS) - 2, 2- Diethyltetrahydro- 5- (phenylmethyl) - 4H- 1, 3- dioxolo[4, 5- c] pyrrol- 4- yl] - 3-[(1, 1-dimethylethyl) dimethylsilyl]oxy]-1, 2- propanediol is a synthetic carbohydrate that is used as a building block for saccharide synthesis. It can be modified with Click chemistry to introduce reactive groups on its molecules. This compound has been shown to react with oligosaccharides and polysaccharides by glycosylation and methylation reactions. The high purity of this product makes it suitable for use in pharmaceuticals and other chemical applications.

A protected glucofuranose.