Antivirales

<p>Ritonavir is a HIV protease inhibitor. It has an anti-retroviral activity as it inhibits the protease enzymes specific of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 and has been shown to be effective in controlling virus replication in humans and animals. Ritonavir works by preventing the HIV viral protease enzyme from cleaving the structural and replicative proteins produced by HIV genes such as gag and pol.</p>

<p>Abacavir sulfate is a pharmaceutical compound classified as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), which is derived from synthetic sources. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of the reverse transcriptase enzyme, essential for the replication of HIV. By incorporating itself into the viral DNA chain during replication, Abacavir effectively halts the process, preventing further multiplication of the virus within the host cells.<br><br>This antiretroviral medication is primarily used in the management and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infections. Abacavir sulfate is a critical component in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), contributing to the reduction of viral load, enhancing immune function, and improving the long-term clinical outcomes in patients living with HIV. Its application in combination therapies has been instrumental in transforming HIV from a fatal disease into a manageable chronic condition.</p>

<p>RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor</p>

<p>Ganciclovir is an antiviral agent specifically designed for culture media use. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxy-guanosine, derived from nucleoside compounds, and operates primarily by inhibiting the replication of viral DNA. Its mode of action involves selective phosphorylation by viral kinases, which converts it into ganciclovir triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase, ultimately preventing viral DNA synthesis.</p>