Anticuerpos primarios

<p>The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein forms a complex with MCM4, 6, and 7, and has been shown to regulate the helicase activity of the complex. This protein is phosphorylated, and thus regulated by, protein kinases CDC2 and CDC7. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012],</p>

<p>olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily C member 3(OR2C3) Homo sapiens Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>Opsins are members of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor superfamily. This gene belongs to the seven-exon subfamily of mammalian opsin genes that includes opsin 5 and retinal G protein coupled receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class I of the histone deacetylase family. It catalyzes the deacetylation of lysine residues in the histone N-terminal tails and represses transcription in large multiprotein complexes with transcriptional co-repressors. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009],</p>

<p>The protein encoded by this gene shares strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Cdc27, and the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe nuc 2. This protein is a component of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. This complex catalyzes the formation of cyclin B-ubiquitin conjugate, which is responsible for the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of B-type cyclins. The protein encoded by this gene and three other members of the APC complex contain tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, which are important for protein-protein interactions. This protein was shown to interact with mitotic checkpoint proteins including Mad2, p55CDC and BUBR1, and it may thus be involved in controlling the timing of mitosis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been i</p>

<p>The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified, with alpha actins being a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, while beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility. This actin is an alpha actin that is found in skeletal muscle. Defects in this gene cause aortic aneurysm familial thoracic type 6. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008],</p>

<p>Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins, composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively), have a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological func</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of the group II decarboxylase family and forms a homodimer that converts L-histidine to histamine in a pyridoxal phosphate dependent manner. Histamine regulates several physiologic processes, including neurotransmission, gastric acid secretion,inflamation, and smooth muscle tone.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010],</p>

<p>function:May be involved in transcriptional regulation.,similarity:Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.,similarity:Contains 1 KRAB domain.,similarity:Contains 18 C2H2-type zinc fingers.,</p>

<p>Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXW10, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603034), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of a small family of transcription factors that function through binding of DP interaction partner proteins. The encoded protein recognizes a specific sequence motif in DNA and interacts directly with the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) to regulate the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle. Altered copy number and activity of this gene have been observed in a number of human cancers. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 2 and 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, and belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family. The elongation of microsomal long and very long chain fatty acid consists of 4 sequential reactions. This protein catalyzes the final step, reducing trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA to saturated acyl-CoA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011],</p>

<p>function:May have a role in checkpoint signaling during mitosis (By similarity). Enhances TP53-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a role in the response to DNA damage.,PTM:Asymmetrically dimethylated on Arg residues by PRMT1. Methylation is required for DNA binding.,PTM:Phosphorylated at basal level in the absence of DNA damage. Hyper-phosphorylated in an ATM-dependent manner in response to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. Hyper-phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent manner in response to DNA damage induced by UV irradiation.,similarity:Contains 2 BRCT domains.,subcellular location:Associated with kinetochores. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic in some cells. Recruited to sites of DNA damage, such as double stand breaks. Methylation of histone H4 at 'Lys-20' is required for efficient localization to double strand breaks.,subunit:Interacts with IFI202A (By similarity). Binds to the central domain of TP53/p53. May form homo-oligomers. Interacts with DCLRE1C. Interacts with histone H2AFX and this requires phosphorylation of H2AFX on 'Ser-139'. Interacts with histone H4 that has been dimethylated at 'Lys-20'. Has low affinity for histone H4 containing monomethylated 'Lys-20'. Does not bind histone H4 containing unmethylated or trimethylated 'Lys-20'. Has low affinity for histone H3 that has been dimethylated on 'Lys-79'. Has very low affinity for histone H3 that has been monomethylated on 'Lys-79' (in vitro). Does not bind unmethylated histone H3.,</p>

<p>catalytic activity:Specificity close to that of papain. As compared to cathepsin B, cathepsin L exhibits higher activity toward protein substrates, but has little activity on Z-Arg-Arg-NHMec, and no peptidyl-dipeptidase activity.,function:Important for the overall degradation of proteins in lysosomes.,similarity:Belongs to the peptidase C1 family.,subunit:Dimer of a heavy and a light chain linked by disulfide bonds.,</p>

<p>This gene encodes a protein that is localized in the mitochondrial inner compartment and that may play a role in mitochondrial apoptosis. Nonsense mutations have been reported to result in cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a bifunctional signal transduction molecule. Dopaminergic and glutamatergic receptor stimulation regulates its phosphorylation and function as a kinase or phosphatase inhibitor. As a target for dopamine, this gene may serve as a therapeutic target for neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011],</p>

<p>Apolipoprotein C-III is a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) protein. APOC3 inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase; it is thought to delay catabolism of triglyceride-rich particles. The APOA1, APOC3 and APOA4 genes are closely linked in both rat and human genomes. The A-I and A-IV genes are transcribed from the same strand, while the A-1 and C-III genes are convergently transcribed. An increase in apoC-III levels induces the development of hypertriglyceridemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily H member 2(OR2H2) Homo sapiens Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene catalyzes the hydrolysis of folylpoly-gamma-glutamates and antifolylpoly-gamma-glutamates by the removal of gamma-linked polyglutamates and glutamate. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>MOS is a serine/threonine kinase that activates the MAP kinase cascade through direct phosphorylation of the MAP kinase activator MEK (MAP2K1; MIM 176872) (Prasad et al., 2008 [PubMed 18246541]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2009],</p>

<p>Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels formed by a pentameric arrangement of alpha and beta subunits to create distinct muscle and neuronal receptors. Neuronal receptors are found throughout the peripheral and central nervous system where they are involved in fast synaptic transmission. This gene encodes an alpha subunit that is widely expressed in the brain. The proposed structure for nAChR subunits is a conserved N-terminal extracellular domain followed by three conserved transmembrane domains, a variable cytoplasmic loop, a fourth conserved transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal extracellular region. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy type 4. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene have been associated with nicotine dependence. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009],</p>

<p>function:Ras effector protein, which may serve as an inhibitory modulator of neuronal plasticity in aversive memory formation. Can affect Ras signaling at different levels. First, by competing with RAF1 protein for binding to activated Ras. Second, by enhancing signaling from ABL1 and ABL2, which regulate cytoskeletal remodeling. Third, by activating RAB5A, possibly by functioning as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAB5A, by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP, and facilitating Ras-activated receptor endocytosis.,PTM:Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by ABL1 and ABL2. Phosphorylated on Ser-351 by PKD.,similarity:Belongs to the RIN (Ras interaction/interference) family.,similarity:Contains 1 Ras-associating domain.,similarity:Contains 1 SH2 domain.,similarity:Contains 1 VPS9 domain.,subcellular location:Some amount is membrane-associated.,subunit:Interacts with the GTP-bound form of Ras proteins (NRAS, HRAS and KRAS). This interaction prevents the association between RAF1 and Ras. Interacts with 14-3-3 proteins YWHAB, YWHAE and YWHAZ when phosphorylated on Ser-351. Interacts with the SH3 domain of ABL1 and ABL2. Interacts with RAB5A. The interaction with Ras is probably regulated and antagonized by the interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. The interaction with 14-3-3 proteins is regulated by phosphorylation on Ser-351.,tissue specificity:Expressed in all tissues examined with high levels in brain, placenta and pancreas.,</p>

<p>function:Putative taste receptor. TAS1R2/TAS1R3 recognizes diverse natural and synthetic sweeteners.,online information:The taste experience -Issue 55 of February 2005,similarity:Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family. TAS1R subfamily.,subunit:Forms heterodimers with TAS1R3.,</p>

<p>Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Its encoded protein is secreted and may play a role in suppression of tumorigenesis in breast and prostate cancers. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of the AID/APOBEC family of polynucleotide (deoxy)cytidine deaminases, which convert cytidine to uridine. Other AID/APOBEC family members are involved in mRNA editing, somatic hypermutation and recombination of immunoglobulin genes, and innate immunity to retroviral infection. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>function:Probable receptor, which may be involved in the internalization of lipophilic molecules and/or signal transduction. Its precise role is however unclear, since it does not bind to very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) or to LRPAP1 in vitro.,similarity:Belongs to the LDLR family.,similarity:Contains 2 CUB domains.,similarity:Contains 4 LDL-receptor class A domains.,subunit:Binds GGA1 and GGA2.,tissue specificity:Widely expressed. Highly expressed in skeletal muscle and ovary. Expressed at intermediate level in heart, brain, liver, pancreas, prostate and small intestine. Weakly expressed in testis, colon and leukocyte.,</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions. The protein encoded by this gene is 75% identical to the mouse homolog. This gene is upstream of the CLDN22 gene, which overlaps the WWC2 gene on the opposite strand in the genome.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a RING finger protein that may function in Rac signaling. It can bind to Brg/Brm-associated factor 60b and can promote its ubiquitination. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013],</p>

<p>NPTX1 is a member of the neuronal pentraxin gene family. Neuronal pentraxin 1 is similar to the rat NP1 gene which encodes a binding protein for the snake venom toxin taipoxin. Human NPTX1 mRNA is exclusively localized to the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>olfactory receptor family 9 subfamily G member 1(OR9G1) Homo sapiens Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The encoded protein is part of the RoSSA ribonucleoprotein, which includes a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. The RoSSA particle localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. RoSSA interacts with autoantigens in patients with Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described but the full-length nature of only one has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>catalytic activity:ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.,cofactor:Magnesium.,enzyme regulation:Activated by phosphorylation on Thr-215 by STK11 in complex with STE20-related adapter-alpha (STRAD alpha) pseudo kinase and CAB39.,function:May play a role in cytoskeletal stability.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MARK subfamily.,similarity:Contains 1 KA1 (kinase-associated) domain.,similarity:Contains 1 protein kinase domain.,similarity:Contains 1 UBA domain.,subcellular location:Appears to localize to an intracellular network.,tissue specificity:Highly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, brain, fetal brain and fetal kidney.,</p>

<p>disease:Defects in WWOX may be involved in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) [MIM:133239].,disease:Defects in WWOX may be involved in several cancer types. The gene spans the second most common chromosomal fragile site (FRA16D) which is frequently altered in cancers. Alteration of the expression and expression of some isoforms is associated with cancers. However, it is still unclear if alteration of WWOX is directly implicated in cancerogenesis or if it corresponds to a secondary effect.,domain:The WW 1 domain mediates interaction with TP53, and probably TP73, TFAP2C, LITAF and WBP1.,function:Probable oxidoreductase, which acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a role in apoptosis. May function synergistically with TP53/p53 to control genotoxic stress-induced cell death. May also play a role in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cell death.,PTM:Phosphorylated upon genotoxic stress. Phosphorylation of Tyr-33 regulates interaction with TP53, TP73 and MAPK8. May also regulate proapoptotic activity.,similarity:Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.,similarity:Contains 2 WW domains.,subcellular location:Partially localizes to the mitochondria. Translocates to the nucleus upon genotoxic stress or TNF stimulation (By similarity). Isoform 5 and isoform 6 may localize in the nucleus.,subunit:Interacts with TP53, TP73/p73 and MAPK8. Interacts with MAPT/TAU (By similarity). Forms a ternary complex with TP53 and MDM2. Interacts with ERBB4, LITAF and WBP1. May interact with COTE1/C1orf2 and SCOTIN.,tissue specificity:Widely expressed. Strongly expressed in testis, prostate, and ovary. Overexpressed in cancer cell lines. Isoform 5 and isoform 6 may only be expressed in tumor cell lines.,</p>

<p>The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase specifically activates MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2, and this kinase itself is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases including MAP3K1/MEKK1, MAP3K2/MEKK2,MAP3K3/MEKK5, and MAP4K2/GCK. This kinase is involved in the signal transduction mediating the cell responses to proinflammatory cytokines, and environmental stresses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014],</p>

<p>Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. Although originally considered to be a functional olfactory receptor, this family member is now considered to be pseudogene due to the presence of a C-terminal frameshift compared to other family memb</p>

<p>Opsins are members of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor superfamily. This opsin gene is expressed in the eye, brain, testes, and spinal cord. This gene belongs to the seven-exon subfamily of mammalian opsin genes that includes peropsin (RRH) and retinal G protein coupled receptor (RGR). Like these other seven-exon opsin genes, this family member may encode a protein with photoisomerase activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010],</p>

<p>function:Steroid membrane receptor. Binds progesterone in vitro. May be involved in oocyte maturation.,similarity:Belongs to the ADIPOR family.,tissue specificity:Expressed in ovary, testis, placenta, uterus and bladder.,</p>

<p>function:Unessential component of the TORC1 complex and essential component of the TORC2 complex. TORC1 controls cell growth in response to environmental signals, and is inactivated by nutrient limitation and environmental stress. Within TORC1, LST8 interacts directly with FRAP1 and enhances its kinase activity. In nutrient-poor conditions, stabilizes the FRAP1-RAPTOR interaction and favors RAPTOR-mediated inhibition of FRAP1 activity. TORC2 controls polarity of the actin cytoskeleton via the RAC1 pathway. TORC2 mediates phosphorylation of Akt/PKB on 'Ser-473' and phosphorylation of PKCalpha on 'Ser-657'.,similarity:Belongs to the WD repeat LST8 family.,similarity:Contains 7 WD repeats.,subunit:Interacts with FRAP1, RAPTOR and RHEB. Part of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) which contains LST8, FRAP1, RAPTOR and AKT1S1. TORC1 binds to and is inhibited by FKBP12-rapamycin. Part of the target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) which contains FRAP1, LST8, PROTOR1, RICTOR and MAPKAP1. Contrary to TORC1, TORC2 does not bind to and is not sensitive to FKBP12-rapamycin.,tissue specificity:Broadly expressed, with highest levels in skeletal muscle, heart and kidney.,</p>