Carbohidratos y glucoconjugados

<p>Applications Growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. Plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions. Occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides. The richest sources are liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. The biotin content of cancerous tumors is higher than that of normal tissue.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lauramine Oxide, is an frequently-used amine oxide surfactant. It is strongly hydrophilic , and it forms normal micelles and normal liquid crystalline phases.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Molec. Struct.: Theochem., 808, 111 (2007); Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Phys. Chem. B., 110 (27), 13649 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Carbocisteine is a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders ranging from the influenza virus infection to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<br>References Stevenson, G.B. et al.: Eur. Resp. J., 27, 865 (2006); Suer, E. et al.: J. Infect. Chemother., 14, 333 (2008); Yamaya, M. et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 299, L160 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Glucosaminic Acid is a useful starting material for the synthesis of aldonic acids containing a free carboxyl group and having all hydroxyl functions esterified with a simple carboxylic acid are well established deriviatives.<br>References Major, R.T., et al.: J.A.C.S., 58, 2474 (1936), Hurd, C.D., et al.: J.A.C.S., 60, 235 (1938), Wolfrom, M., et al.: J.A.C.S., 61, 574 (1939)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride-d9 is labelled N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride (B691000) which is an inhibitor of a-glucosidase 1 as well as being an inhibitor of HIV cytopathicity.<br>References Hettkamp, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 142, 85 (1984), Szumilo, T., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 247, 261 (1986), Fleet, G.W.J., et al.: FEBS Letters, 237, Number 1,2, 128 (1988), Kolter, T., et al.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 36, 1955 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Stability Stable at RT<br>Applications D-(+)-Cellohexose (cas# 2478-35-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Erdosteine Impurity RV 142<br>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Erdosteine (E596050).Erdosteine is a mucolytic agent used for the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis.<br>References Gobetti, M., et al.: Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica, 41, 69 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Maltotriose is a trisaccharide resulting from the digestion of Amalose by α-Amalase.<br>References Carvalho, G., et al.: App. Biochem. Biotechnol., 155, 356 (2009), Huuskonen, A., et al.: App. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 1563 (2010), Chang, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 2908 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Plerixafor is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer that inhibits the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and blocks binding of its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1-α (SDF-1-α). This agent was approved on Dec. 15, 2008, as treatment in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize HSCs to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Selective CXCR4 antagonist.<br>References Xie, T., et al.: Science, 290, 328 (2000), Leone, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305, 1150 (2003), Chigaev, A., et al.: J. Immunol. 178, 6828 (2007), Kiel, M., et al.: Cell Stem Cell, 1, 204 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity D<br>Applications Biotin (B389040) impurity. Biotin EP Impurity D.<br>References Trotter, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 5, 713 (1966), Suurkuusk, J., et al.: Eur. J.Biochem., 28, 438 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications It has carcinostatic activity.<br>References Reynolds, T.M., et al.: Advan. Food. Res., 14, 167 (1965), Szent-Gyorgyi, L.G., et al.: Science, 155, 539 (1967),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Methylumbelliferyl ?-L-Idopyranosiduronic Acid 2-Sulfate Disodium Salt is a fluorogenic substrate in the assay of ?-L-Iduronidase. A fluorimetric enzyme assay for the diagnosis of MPS II (Hunter disease).<br>References Matalon, R., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 47, 959 (1972), Voznyi, Y.V., et al.: J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 24, 675 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Biotin Sulfoxide, is a metabolite of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lewis X and related compounds bind to the selectins and act as anti-inflammatory agents.<br>References Lasky, L.A.: Science, 258, 964 (1992), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: Nature, 364, 149 (1993), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 178, 623 (1993), Travis, J.: Science, 260, 906 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Nitrophenyl 2-Azido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside (cas# 210418-04-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyanidin 3-O-Rutinoside retards absorption of carbohydrates by inhibition of α-glucosidase which may be useful as a potential inhibitor for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.<br>References Raptis, S., et al.: Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2001, 109, S265,,Ceriello, A; Diabetes 2005, 54, 1,,Chiasson, J; Endocr Pract 2006, 12, 25,,,Misra, A; J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008, 93, S9<br></p>

<p>Applications Biotin (B389040) impurity.<br>References Trotter, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 5, 713 (1966), Suurkuusk, J., et al.: Eur. J.Biochem., 28, 438 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Studied for anti-tumor effects.<br>References Suzuki, K., et al.: Carbohydrate Research, 151, 403 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Regulation of N-glycolylneuraminic acid biosynthesis in rat and mouse liver.<br>References Malykh, Y., et al.: Biochimie, 83, 623 (2001), Angata, T., et al.: Chem. Rev., 102, 439 (2002), Soh, N., et al.: Anal. Sci., 18, 1159 (2002), Taylor, P., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 38, 328 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Maltodextrin is an oligosaccharide that is derived from starch. Maltodextrin is commonly used as a food additive and in the production of candies and sodas.<br>References Yoon, S.H., et al.: Carb. Res., 341, 210 (2006); Muslin, E.H., et al: J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem., 61, 142 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications Valiolamine is a aminocyclitol that exhibits potent alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitory activity against porcine intestinal sucrase, maltase and isomaltase.<br>References Kameda, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot., 11, 1301 (1984); Horii, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1038 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Carbocisteine (C178760). Carbocisteine is a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders ranging from the influenza virus infection to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<br>References Stevenson, G.B. et al.: Eur. Resp. J., 27, 865 (2006); Suer, E. et al.: J. Infect. Chemother., 14, 333 (2008); Yamaya, M. et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 299, L160 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Acarbose is used as an anti-diabetic (1).<br>References (1) Sailor, D., et al.: Arzneimittel-Forshc., 30, 2182 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cytidine 5’-Phosphate Methyl Ester Sodium Salt is an byproduct formed in the synthesis of analogs of Cytidine 5’-Diphosphate with an important role in the metabolism of phospholipids.<br>References Trotter, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 270, 6062 (1995), Janssen, M., et al.: Yeast, 16, 641 (2000), Henneberry, A., et al.: Mol. Biol. Cell, 12, 511 (2001), Boumann, H., et al.: Biochemistry, 42, 3054 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Guaifenesin EP Impurity B<br>Applications 2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol is a impurity of Guaifenesin (G810502. Guaifenesin Impurity D<br>References Schieffer, G.W., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 72, 1856 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-(+)-Tartaric Acid is a naturally occurring chemical compound found in berries, grapes and various wines. It provides antioxidant properties and contributes to the sour taste within these products.<br>References Baiano, A. et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 2694 (2012); Forney, C. et al.: J. Berry. Res., 2, 169 (2012); Khiati, Z. et al.: Chem. Sci. Trans., 1, 185 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Trehalose 6-Phosphate Potassium Salt is an intermediate in the synthesis of D-(+)-Trehalose (T718750), a disaccharide composed of two α-glucose units. D-(+)-Trehalose is used in many processed foods as well as in biopharmaceutical monoclonal antibody formulations. When plants’ sugar levels are low, they reduce their investment in fatty acid synthesis. Trehalose 6-phoshate (T6P) regulates oil synthesis in plants. (Chem. and Eng. News p. 9 Oct. 1, (2018))<br>References Bosquillon, C. et al.: J. Cont. Rel., 99, 357 (2004); Arakawa, T. et al.: Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 46, 307 (2001); Singh, S.K. et al.: Pharmac. Res., 28, 873 (2011); Chem. and Eng. News p. 9 Oct. 1, (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetrabenzyl-voglibose is a derivative of Voglibose which is an α-Glucosidase inhibitor used as an antidiabetic.<br>References Matsuo, T., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 55, 314S (1992), Goke, B., et al.: Digestion, 56, 493 (1995), Shinozaki, K., et al.: Metabolism, 45, 731 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Maltopentaose is a maltooligosaccharide that is used for research and diagnostic purposes. They can also be used in nutrients and healthcare.<br>References Ezure, Y. et al.: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 61, 1931 (1997); Hatonen, K. et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 96, 44 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications An Amadori compound having the potential to alter cellular adhesion, inhibit cancer metastasis and induce apoptosis.<br>References Horiuchi, T., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 55, 333 (1991), Sosnovsky, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 649 (1993), Glinsky, G., et al.: Cancer Res., 56, 5319 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lactitol Monohydrate is the hydrated form of Lactitol(L113550). Lactitol is listed as an excipient in some prescription drugs, such as Adderall. Lactitol is a sugar alcohol used as a replacement bulk sweetener for low calorie foods. It is also used medically as a laxative.<br>References Bolhuis, G., et al.: Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 35, 671 (2009); Toda, Y.: New Food Ind., 33, 21 (1991); Egger, B., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 37, 205 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Applications Immunostimulant used in patients with cell-mediated immunodepression.<br>References Gu, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 25, 979 (2008), Fliri, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 8038 (2009), Giagulli, C., et al.: Int. Immunopharmacol., 9, 1366 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications An alkylated dipeptide reported to be 6000 to 10000 times sweeter than sucrose; structurally related to Aspartame. A non-nutritive sweetener.<br>References Ranney, R., et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 2, 441 (1976), Padden, B.E., et al.: Anal. Chem., 71, 3325 (1999), Arai, H., et al.: Metabolism, 56, 115 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A novel membrane-permeant allosteric effector of hemoglobin (Hb), enhances the regulated oxygen release capacity of red blood cells, thus counteracting the effects of hypoxia in diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular ailments.<br>References Duarte,C.D. et al.: Chembiochem., 11, 2543 (2010); Biolo, A. et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 106, 1926 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylotriose is a newly developed xylo-oligosaccharide, usually produced from xylan by enzymic hydrolysis, with many beneficial biomedical and health effects.<br>References Zhu, Z., et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 241, 27 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications An intermediate in the Maillard reaction of proteins with glucose, which is metabolised to 3-Deoxyfructose. An intermediate in the formation of pyrraline, which might contribute to a pathological effect, such as carcinogenesis.<br>References Kato, H. et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 51, 683 (1987), Hayase, F. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 264, 3758 (1989), Kato, H. et al.: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1035, 71 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (-)-Biotin Sulfoxide, is a metabolite of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications Contained in tobacco flavor additives.<br>References Sumoto, K., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 39, 792 (1991), Shimamura, T., et al.: Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem., 67, 295 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetragalacturonic Acid, is the product of polygalacturonic acid degradation. The mixture of Oligogalacturonic Acids has shown to have shoot growth in cockscomb (Celosia argentea L.) seedlings.<br>References Suzuki, T., et al.: J. Plant Growth Reg., 21, 209 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,6-di-O-N-acetyl-α-D-muramic Acid (cas# 475502-13-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled D-Fructose (F792500), a monosaccharide that naturally occurs in large number of fruits and plants.<br>References Shum, M., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 304, 197 (2013); Zeng, S.S., et al.: J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal., 76, 87 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Nitrophenyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-_x000D_D-glucopyranoside (cas# 57467-13-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Sucralose-d6 is a useful isotopically labelled analog of sucralose with an isotopic purity of greater than 98% with no D0.<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-[2-(Ethylhexyl)oxyl]-1,2-propandiol is the novel raw material for deodorants application and is widely used as a cosmetic emollient. 3-[2-(Ethylhexyl)oxyl]-1,2-propandiol reliably inhibits the odor-causing bacteria, yeast and fungi on the skin.<br>References Nagao, S.: Frag. J., 34, 39 (2006); Lawan, K. et al.: J. Health Sci., 23, 1 (2009); Leschke, M.: SOFW J., 136, 10 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lactulose is a synthetic, non-digestible sugar used in the treatment of chronic constipation; laxative.<br>References Voskuijl, W. et al.: Gut, 53, 1590 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Nitrophenyl 3-O-(α-D-Mannopyranosyl)-α-D-mannopyranoside (cas# 93979-06-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Citric Acid (C521000). Used in the preparation of siderophore derivatives.<br>References Fadeev, E. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 3771 (2005); Guo, H. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 2056 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bromhexine EP Impurity E Chloride<br>Applications 3-Cyclohexyl-6,8-dibromo-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolinium Chloride is an impurity of Bromhexine Hydrochloride (B678600). Bromhexine Hydrochloride impurity E Chloride. Bromhexine is an expectorant; mucolytic.<br>References Goicoechea, H., et al.: Talanta, 49, 793 (1999), Ribone, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 591 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fructosazine is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.<br>References Yamaguchi, T., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 21, 205 (1998), Fenton, J., et al.: Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 8, 444 (2000), Shimamura, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 48, 1204 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate.<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid Monohydrate is a useful buffer component for antigen and epitope unmasking.<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Mannose is a carbohydrate that is important in the glycosylation of molecules in a variety of cellular processes. It is involved in N and O glycosylation of bovine why protein products, used in infant formulas. It is also responsible for the O-glycosylation of the T helper cell-derived cytokine interlukin-17A, an important cell-signaling molecule.<br>References van Leeuwen, S. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12553 (2012); Geoghegan, K. et al.: Prot. Express. Purif., 87, 27 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Erdosteine is a mucolytic. Erdosteine was developed for the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis.<br>References Kuvandik, G., et al.: Toxicol. Pathol., 36, 714 (2008), Koyu, A., et al.: Mol. Cell. Biochem., 331, 43 (2009), Fourches, D., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 23, 171 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid-13C6 is an isotope labelled compound of citric acid (C521000). Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent. Citric acid is also a metabolite of Dimethyl Fumarate (D464965), a compound used as a treatment for the relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.<br>References Dawson, R.M., et al.: Data for Biochem. Rsch., (1959); Gruber, C. M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94, 65 (1948); Lofty, W.A., et al.: Bioresource. Tech., 98, 3470 (2007); Schimrigk, S., et al.: Eur. J. Neurol., 13, 604 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity found in fingolimod (F805000).<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Fucose was isolated from seaweed.<br>References Clark, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 54, 65 (1922),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications p-Nitrophenyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-α-_x000D_D-glucopyranoside (cas# 184377-56-8) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Lewis A Trisaccharide is a component of multiplex glycan bead arrays which play a role in various cellular functions.<br>References Dabelsteen, E., et al.: Cancer Research, 48, 181 (1988), Lasky, L.A.: Science, 258, 964 (1992), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: Nature, 364, 149 (1993), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 178, 623 (1993), Travis, J.: Science, 260, 906 (1993); Purohit, S. et al.: Nat. Comm., 9, 1 (2018);<br></p>

<p>Applications Propyl β-D-Glucuronide is a glucuronide of a short-chained aliphatic alcohol formed via glucuronidation in human liver microsomes in vitro.<br>References Jurowich, S. et al.: Alcohol, 32, 187 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylotetrose is a xylose oligomer that is of interest to many fields of study and is an intermediate reaction product of the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses.<br>References Bunnell, K., et al.: J. Liq. Chromatogr. R. T., 38, 801 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Stability Decomposes in solution<br>Applications A dipeptide ester about 160 times sweeter than sucrose in aqueous solution. A non-nutritive sweetener.<br>References Cloninger, B., et al.: Science, 170, 81 (1970), Oppermann, et al.: J. Nutr., 103, 1454 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-4-[[(2-Amino-5-bromophenyl)methyl]amino]-cyclohexanol is an impurity of Ambroxol (A575900), a bronchosecretolytic drug and a metabolite of Bromohexine.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-O-(p-Nitrophenyl)-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic Acid, Sodium Salt, X Hydrate (cas# 123549-14-4 ) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylitol, is a lower-calorie alternative to table sugar. Studies have shown xylitol chewing gum can help prevent acute otitis media. Xylitol is categorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food additive.<br>References Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, US., FDA (2012); Azarparzhooh, A., et al.,: Cochrane data. Sys. Revi. (online) (11), (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-β-neuraminic Acid is a useful reagent in sequential esterification and acetylation of β-​Sialyl phosphite and phosphoramidite.<br>References Methods Enzymol., 5, 391 (1962), Biochemistry, 18, 2086 (1979)<br></p>

<p>Sunset Yellow FCF (Sunset yellow) is an orange azo dye with pH-dependent absorbance.Sunset Yellow FCF is used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.It is used</p>

<p>Applications Citric acid-2,4-13C2 is an isotopic analog of citric acid (C521000), a component of the Krebs cycle.<br></p>

<p>Applications Salicin is an anti-inflammatory agent produced by the bark of a willow tree. Analgesic.<br>References Schmid, B. et al.: Eur J Pharmacol., 57, 387 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Naturally occurring (-)-form is a major biosynthetic precursor of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan and hence of the majority of plant alkaloids. It is also involved in the biosynthesis of lignin, flavonpids and other important aromatic compounds.<br>References Evans, I.A., et al.: Nature, 250, 348 (1974), Harborne, J.B., et al.: Biosynthesis, 6, 40 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity A<br>Applications D-Biotin Dimer Acid (Biotin EP Impurity A) is an impurity of D-Biotin that can be used in the synthesis of D-Biotin.<br>References Hanka, L.J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1, 135 (1972), Corey, E.J., et al.: Tetrahedon Lett., 29, 57 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications L-Arabinitol is the stereoisomer of D-Arabinitol (A735600), both used as diagnostic tools for the detection of fungal infections in neutropenic patients.<br>References Salonen, J.H., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 20, 179 (2001); Sigmundsdottir, G. et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 38, 3039 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Linarine (Diosmin EP Impurity E) is a naturally occurring flavone glycoside that was identified to possess potential sedative and anticonvulsant properties.<br>References Nugroho, A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 36, 51 (2013); Jung, H.A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 35, 1021 (2012); Shen, H.J., et al.: J. Med. Plants. Res., 5, 6555 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Glucono-1,4-lactone was a metabolite studied in mice tissue with induced chronic stress.<br>References Hamiliton, P. J., et al.: Sci. Rep., 10, 18134 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lactulose is a synthetic, non-digestible sugar used in the treatment of chronic constipation; laxative.<br>References Voskuijl, W. et al.: Gut, 53, 1590 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Yuanzhen sugar is a polysaccharide polymer, containing a certain amount of fructooligosaccharides.<br>References Watanabe, T., et al.: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 72, 3167 (2008), You, Y., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 709 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled pharmaceutical and cosmetic sugar.<br>References Rossi, V., et al.: J, Biol. Chem., 273, 1232 (1998), Fyfe, J., et al.: Blood, 103, 1573 (2004), Latge, J., et al.: Mol. Microbiol., 66, 279 (2007), Reese, T., et al.: Nature, 447, 92 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(2-Methoxyphenoxy) Lactic Acid is a metabolite of the Guaifenesin (G810500), a centrally acting muscle relaxant with expectorant properties.<br>References D.G. Workmann et. al. Curr. Ther. Res. 41 1751 (1980).<br></p>

<p>Applications Impurity of β-cyclodextrin (C987830), a cyclic oligosaccharide produced from starch via enzymatic conversion.<br>References Johnson, M.D., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 83, 1142 (1994); Jain, A.C., et al.: Int. J. Pharma., 212, 177 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications A C-4 epimer of Glucose (G595000) found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body. Potential use in oral therapy for nephrotic syndrome in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.<br>References De Smet, E. et al.: Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 24, 2938 (2009); Kivele, R. et al.: Carb. Pol., 85, 645 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications An antiinflammatory expectorant used in the treatment of MUC5 mucin obstructive pulmonary disease.<br>References Takeyama, K., et al.: J. Immunol.,164, 1546 (2000), Komatsu, H., et al.: Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther., 18, 121 (2005), Rhee, C., et al.: Eur. Respir. J., 32, 1195 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications GENZ-123346 potently controls hyperglycemia in obese rodent models of insulin resistance.<br>References Wennekes, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 689 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bromhexine EP Impurity D<br>Applications 2-Amino-5-bromo-N-cyclohexyl-N-methylbenzylamine (Bromhexine EP Impurity D) is an impurity of Bromhexine hydrochloride (B678600). Bromhexine hydrochloride impurity D.<br>References Uboh, C.E., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal., 9, 33 (19991),<br></p>