Péptidos
Los péptidos son cadenas cortas de aminoácidos unidas por enlaces peptídicos, que desempeñan papeles importantes como moléculas biológicas en los procesos celulares. Funcionan como hormonas, neurotransmisores y moléculas de señalización, y se utilizan ampliamente en aplicaciones terapéuticas y diagnósticas. Los péptidos también son cruciales en la investigación para estudiar las interacciones de proteínas, actividades enzimáticas y vías de señalización celular. En CymitQuimica, ofrecemos una amplia selección de péptidos de alta calidad para apoyar sus necesidades de investigación y desarrollo en biotecnología y farmacéutica.
Subcategorías de "Péptidos"
Se han encontrado 29609 productos de "Péptidos"
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PAR-4 Agonist (Mouse)
CAS:Thrombin is the main effector of the coagulation cascade- it is a serine protease. Thrombin binds to active protease activated receptor (PAR) which belongs to a subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Thrombin activation of mouse PAR-4 reveals an amino terminus sequence of GYPGKF. This is the natural ligand for PAR-4. GYPGKF binds internally to the receptor and leads to signalling activation. Identification of GYPGKF as a PAR-4 agonist has allowed better understand of the function of PAR. Addition of GYPGKF to PAR-4 expressing cell lines achieved 55% of the maximal response of thrombin. GYPGKF can provide understanding of PAR-4 and a template for more potent agonists.
Fórmula:C33H46N8O7Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:666.3 g/molAcetyl-Histone H4 (1-21)
Histone 4 (H4) is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) which are essential for compacting eukaryotic DNA into the nucleosome. Due to the high lysine and arginine content, histones have a net positive charge and therefore electrostatically interact with negatively charged DNA. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core. Like other core histones, H4 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, the histone tail, which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination.Gene transcriptional activation or inactivation is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes. Both processes function to alter the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA within to be either accessible to the transcription machinery or inaccessible. H4 lysine rich tail plays a role in the higher order chromatin folding.Acetyl-Histone H4 (1-21)-has an uncharged C-terminal amide and is protected from N-terminal modifications by a covalently bonded acetyl group.Peso molecular:2,131.3 g/molSETD8 Peptide
Setd8 is a member of the SET domain containing family of proteins and is the sole methyltransferase that catalyses monomethylation of lysine 20 on histone H4 (H4K20me1). This histone modification is involved in regulating DNA replication, chromosome condensation and gene expression.Setd8 is widely expressed and in addition to modifying histone H4, it can modify non-histone proteins, including p53. Setd8 has been shown to play a role in maintaining skin differentiation and is dysregulated in multiple cancer types.Peso molecular:1,076.7 g/molh-Chemerin-9 (149-157)
A Chemerin-9 peptide derived from chemerin, a protein that is involved in a variety of functions such as autocrine, angiogenic, reproductive and chemotactic processes. Chemerin-9 binds to the chemerin receptor 23 (G-protein coupled receptor) and causes the receptors internalisation.Peso molecular:1,063.5 g/molHLA-A*02:01 HBV core (18-27)
HLA-A*02 is a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allele which is part of the HLA-A group of human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) leukocyte antigens (HLA). HLA-A is a human MHC class I cell surface receptor and is involved in presenting short polypeptides to the immune system. These polypeptides are typically 7-11 amino acids in length and originate from proteins being expressed by the cell. Cytotoxic T cells in the blood "read" the peptide presented by the complex and should only bind to non-self peptides. If binding occurs, a series of events is initiated culminating in cell death via apoptosis. This peptide corresponds to the Hepatitis B variant (HBV) core sequence which is presented on the MHC class I antigen HLA-A*02.Peso molecular:1,154.6 g/molUrumin
Urumin is a veridical host defence peptide against influenza A virus.The peptide specifically targets the evolutionarily conserved H1 hemagglutinin stalk region of H1-containing influenza A viruses.Urumin has been used against drug-resistant influenza A viruses that are resistant against oseltamivir, zanamivir and peramivir. While its mechanism of action is not fully understood, urumin seems to inhibit viral growth by physically destroying influenza A virions, and is able to protect naive mice from doses of influenza A infection as high as 2 times the LD50. Because of its specific targeting of the hemagglutinin stalk region of the influenza A virus, the mechanism of action of urumin is similar to that of antibodies induced in the body by universal influenza vaccines.Peso molecular:2,959.4 g/molAlbumin (mouse, rat)
Albumin is a family of globular, water soluble, un-glycosylated proteins commonly found in blood plasma. Albumins generally act as transport proteins that bind to various ligands to transport them around.The most common member of this family is serum albumin. Serum albumin is produced by the liver and is the most abundant plasma protein, it provides oncotic pressure, transports bilirubin, steroids, fatty acids, thyroid hormones and other hormones, and serves as an extracellular antioxidant agent.Too much or too little circulating serum albumin may be harmful. Perturbations in serum albumin concentration is associated with both type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Increase in serum albumin concentration might protect against early glycemic deterioration and progression to type 2 diabetes even in subjects without MetS. Albumin in the urine usually denotes the presence of kidney disease.Peso molecular:1,055.7 g/molHIV p17 Gag (77-85)
The HIV gag gene encodes p17 and p24. P17 Gag is a matrix protein that is vital to HIV life cycle, it targets viral RNA to the nucleus and Gag polyproteins to the cell membrane- p17 Gag accumulates in the extracellular space of tissue while interacting with receptors on various cell types to deregulate cell function.During HIV infection the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is key to attenuating viral replication. CTL recognition epitope of p17 Gag is identified as residues 77-85 to activate the immune response. HIV p17 Gag CTL epitope has been used in IgG titres and has been suggested as a suitable prognostic tool for onset of AIDS. A high affinity of IgG for p17 Gag was correlated to patients remaining in an asymptomatic state. p17 Gag epitope has been shown to induce a strong CTL response in the majority of chronically infected HIV patients. This makes the p17 Gag epitope a target for molecular therapy for HIV treatment and potentially a vaccine development.Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:980.5 g/molHistone H4 (1-23)
Histone 4 (H4) is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) which are fundamental in compacting eukaryotic DNA into the nucleosome. Due to the high lysine and arginine content, histones have a net positive charge and therefore electrostatically interact with negatively charged DNA. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core. Like other core histones, H4 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, the histone tail, which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination.Gene transcriptional activation or inactivation is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes. Both processes function to alter the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA within to be either accessible to the transcription machinery or inaccessible. H4's lysine rich tail plays a role in the higher order chromatin folding.Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:2,400.5 g/molAra h 2 (147-155) peanut Allergen
Ara h 2 is one of the major allergenic proteins from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) which contains approximately 13 potential allergenic proteins.Ara h 2 is a member of the 2S albumins (conglutinins) belonging to the prolamin superfamily which also includes Ara h 6. 2S albumins contain major food allergens from seeds of many mono- and dicotyledon plants and share a common compact structure that renders the proteins highly resistant to proteolysis.In mouse models Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are the main cause of effector responses such as mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis. Ara h 2 has a high predictive value for diagnosis of clinical peanut allergy and is also more potent than Ara h 1 or Ara h 3 in histamine release assays and skin prick tests.This peptide represents a tryptic peptide of Ara h 2.Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:1,027.5 g/molC-terminal Sortagging-[Cys(AF680)] amide
This C-terminal Sortagging peptide acts as an (oligo)glycine nucleophile in the final steps of a sortagging protein labelling reaction. This reaction results in the [Cys(AF680)]- fluorescent moiety being attached to the C-terminus of the target protein or peptide.A substrate peptide containing the LPXTG motif is recognised and cleaved by the enzyme Sortase A (SrtA) from Staphylococcus aureus. The catalytic cysteine residue in the active site of SrtA serves as a nucleophile to cleave the peptide bond between threonine and glycine of the substrate peptide. Cleavage results in the formation of a thioacyl intermediate between the substrate peptide and SrtA. This intermediate is then resolved by the N-terminus of this (oligo)glycine nucleophile peptide, resulting in the creation of a new peptide bond that links the substrate peptide to this peptide and its fluorescent dye. This method of protein labelling is known as sortagging.C-Terminal Sortagging-[Cys(AF680)] peptide contains the AF680 fluorescent dye- AF680 is a bright green dye with excitation at 633 nm, well suited for flow cytometry and imagery. AF680 is particularly photostable, allowing better detection of low abundance conjugates. C-Terminal Sortagging-[Cys(AF680)] amide is provided here. However, the acid version is also available in our catalogue.Peso molecular:1,240.3 g/mol5-FAM-Fz7-21
Fz7-21 is a potent and selective peptide antagonist of Frizzled 7 (FZD 7) receptor which selectively binds to FZD7 cysteine rich domain (CRD) subclass at the cysteine rich region proximal to the lipid-binding groove. Binding alters the conformation of the CRD and the architecture of its lipid-binding groove and impairs Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Peptide Fz7-21 also shows cross-species binding to both the human and mouse FZD7 CRD.The FZD7 receptor is enriched in intestinal stem cells which express the LGR5 receptor and plays a critical role in the cells self-renewal. FZD7 is essential for maintaining human embryonic stem cells in their undifferentiated state and is therefore an attractive pharmacological target for diseases associated with stem cell dysfunction and cancer biology.FZD7 is also upregulated in subsets of colon, pancreatic and gastric tumours, therefore Fz7-21 serves as a pharmacological probe to explore further the function of FZD7 in stem cell and cancer biology.Peptide is labelled with an N-terminal 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag.
Peso molecular:2,110.8 g/molTemporin L
Temporin L is a highly potent anti-microbial peptide (AMP) active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Temporins are a large family of short, linear, AMPs produced in the skin of frogs belonging to Rana species, but are also found in wasp venom. Temporin L was originally isolated from the frog Rana temporaria and has the highest anti-microbial potency among tested temporins, especially against Gram-negative bacteria.Temporin L increases bacterial inner membrane permeability in a dose-dependent manner without destroying cell integrity. At low peptide concentrations, the inner membrane becomes permeable to small molecules but this does not kill the bacteria. At high concentrations, larger molecules, but not DNA, leak out, resulting in cell death. Temporin L has a different mode of action to many AMPs as it does not lyse the cells but instead forms ghost-like bacteria shells.Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:1,639 g/molCMV IE-1 (213-225)
CMV pp65 (415-429) (HLA-B7) is a CEF (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and influenza virus) control peptide that is derived from the Cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV is capable of infecting a wide range of human cell types, where the body's primary immune response to CMV is innate, and relies on inflammatory cytokines and costimulatory molecules in order to control the spread of the virus. CMV pp65 (415-429) (HLA-B7) is defined as a CEF control peptide due to its antigenic properties. Clinically, these peptides are suitable epitopes for CD8+ T cells and can be used to stimulate the release of IFNg. HLA-B7 refers to the cell HLA type that this peptide acts on.Peso molecular:1,516.8 g/mol[Cy3B]-LifeAct (Abp140 1-17)
[Cy3B]-LifeAct (Abp140 1-17) contains the 17amino acid peptide Lifeact derived from amino acids 1-17 of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin binding protein, Abp140. These first 17 amino acids of Abp140 are crucial in allowing Lifeact to localise to actin filaments (F-actin) and therefore it can be used as a cytoskeletal marker. On application, lifeact can be used in the study of plant development and pathogen defence as filamentous actin within the plant actin cytoskeleton is important in key processes such as cell division, membrane trafficking and stomatal movements.The addition of the Cy-Dye fluorophore, Cy3B allows the location of the LifeAct (Abp140 1-17) to be detected. Cy3B is described as being conformationally locked meaning it is less likely to undergo photo-isomerization and one of its main applications is within DNA related studies.Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:2,465.2 g/molMyelin proteolipid peptide
PLP(178-191) corresponds to amino acids 178 to 191 of the mouse ProteoLipid Protein (PLP).Peso molecular:1,582.7 g/molAc-RGK-[AMC]
Substrate peptide for histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes for use in assaying HDAC activity. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of enzymes which are highly evolutionary conserved across all eukaryotes. HDACs modify histones by removing acetyl groups from the tail regions. Histone deacetylation is generally associated with reduced gene expression due to a more compact chromatin state less accessibility for transcription factors (TFs). HDACs are essential for many physiological processes including development and cellular homeostasis. They also play an important role in disease states, including neurodegenerative disorders, genetic diseases and cancers.This peptide is the fluorogenic substrate for assaying histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in a two-step enzymatic reaction. The assay consists of the initial lysine deacetylation by HDAC followed by the release of the fluorescent group by trypsin. Fluorescence can be detected upon fluorophore release.Peso molecular:558.3 g/molTet-20
Tet-20, is a synthetic cathelicidin-derived peptide. It was tested as infection-resistant coating for medical devices. When tethered on an implant surface Tet-20 exhibited broad antimicrobial activities both in vivo and in vitro. It can stop biofilm formation and appears to be non-toxic to eukaryotic cell. Tet-20 antimicrobial peptide is often sued as a control peptide and has antifouling.Peso molecular:1,768.1 g/molGag (18-26) [Human immunodeficiency virus type 1] acetyl/amide
CD8+ T-cell (cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)) responses are important in the control of viral replication. Inducing a sustained HIV-1 specific CD8+ T-cell response is the target for vaccine development by using conserved HIV-1 epitopes. The HIV gag gene encodes p17 and p24. P17 Gag is a matrix protein that is vital to HIV life cycle, use of p17 Gag epitopes is a possibility for HIV therapies. P17 Gag targets viral RNA to the nucleus and Gag polyproteins to the cell membrane- p17 Gag accumulates in the extracellular space of tissue while interacting with receptors on various cell types to deregulate cell function.CTL recognition epitope of p17 Gag is identified as residues 77-85 to activate the immune response. Within Gag p17 is the conserved/persistently recognised epitope KIRLRPGGK (amino acids 18-26). This sequence has been used as an effective epitope in immunological assays to assess CTL response work has also shown patients targeting conserved or variable Gag epitopes including Gag p17 (18-26) effects the strength of CD8+ T-cell response and disease progression.Peso molecular:1,064.7 g/molThyroglobulin (Tg-FSP)
Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a widely used biomarker of various differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC)- Tg is a substrate for thyroid hormone production. Detection and quantification of serum thyroglobulin levels remain challenging due to Tg's size, heterogeneity, and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb). Immunoassays offer the opportunity to tailor DTC treatments, but many patients are TgAb positive, excluding them from analysis during regression.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) can overcome immunoassay issues by digestion of Tg to a tryptic peptide removing the interference from TgAbs. The addition of a doubly charged peptide precursor ion, FSP peptide, allows easy detection of Tg-FSP by an anti-FSP antibody that is reliable and quantifiable.Peso molecular:1,405.7 g/molα-MSH
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a melanocortin family neuropeptide which plays important roles in metabolic and immune homeostasis. It is formed from the cleavage of adrenocorticotropic hormone, the cleavage product of proopiomelanocortin hormone. alpha-MSH is expressed ubiquitously to varying degrees in a wide variety of cells including the hypothalamus, monocytes and retinal pigment epithelial cells. alpha-MSH is a non-selective agonist of melanocortin receptors.alpha-MSH is a suppresser of inflammation from both innate and adaptive immune pathways, it is involved in hair and skin pigmentation (through MC1 receptor activation), has reproductive functions, cardio protective functions and regulates food intake and energy metabolism. The N-terminal of the peptide is protected by an acetyl group.Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:1,664.8 g/molSARS-CoV-2 NSP13 (551-565)
The SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 13 (NSP13) has been identified as a target for anti-viral therapeutics due to its highly conserved sequence and is essential for viral replication. NSP13 is part of the helicase superfamily 1B. As an NTPase and RNA helicase, NSP13 binds to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and acts in concert with the replication-transcription complex to stimulate backtracking and further activate NSP13 helicase activity. These factors make NSP13 a good target for developing new antiviral drugs. In addition, the identification of epitopes within the NSP13 sequence can help design more effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Models have predicted epitopes exhibiting antigenicity, stability and interactions with MHC class-I and class-II molecules. NSP13 (551-565) is an epitope candidate with various HLA restrictions. This epitope can be used to better vaccine design for more durable CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for long-lasting immunity.Peso molecular:1,673.8 g/molSARS-CoV-2 NSP13 (226-240)
The SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 13 (NSP13) has been identified as a target for anti-viral therapeutics due to its highly conserved sequence and is essential for viral replication. NSP13 is part of the helicase superfamily 1B. As an NTPase and RNA helicase, NSP13 binds to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and acts in concert with the replication-transcription complex to stimulate backtracking and further activate NSP13 helicase activity. These factors make NSP13 a good target for developing new antiviral drugs. In addition, the identification of epitopes within the NSP13 sequence can help design more effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Models have predicted epitopes exhibiting antigenicity, stability and interactions with MHC class-I and class-II molecules. NSP13 (226-240) is an epitope candidate with various HLA restrictions. This epitope can be used to better vaccine design for more durable CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for long-lasting immunity.Peso molecular:1,565.9 g/molPep - 1: Chariot
Pep-1 is a synthetic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), and has been successfully used to deliver a variety of proteins and other biopharmaceutical macromolecules into cells in a non-disruptive manner. It is a CPP with primary amphipathicity, which results from its amino acid sequence as opposed to its folding structure. The primary structure of Pep-1: Chariot comprises three main domains: a tryptophan-rich, hydrophobic domain, and a hydrophilic domain derived from an NLS (nuclear localisation signal) of SV40 (simian virus 40) large T-antigen, and a spacer.
Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:2,846.5 g/mol[Pyr]-Apelin-13
CAS:[Pyr1]-Apelin-13 acts as a ligand for the apelin receptor (APJ) G protein-coupled receptor and is a substrate for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Apelin is a member of the adipokine hormone family from adipose tissue. Adipokines are involved in processes such as vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis.Apelin and the apelin receptor are widely distributed throughout the body. Apelin is associated with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes and cancer. Apelin is expressed in the spinal cord and the human brain. Immunohistochemistry shows that apelin-17 is significantly expressed in the human heart, brain, lungs and endothelial cells. Studies show myocardial infarction apelin mRNA expression is greater during human heart failure than in healthy tissue. Apelin protects against heart failure due to the pyroglutamic form of apelin, [Pyr1]-Apelin-13, which decreases infarct size of myocardial infarctions. Furthermore, rats with hypertension have reduced levels of apelin and APJ. [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 exhibits higher APJ agonist potency than Apelin-13. We also have the alternative available.Fórmula:C69H108N22O16SForma y color:PowderPeso molecular:1,533.8 g/mol[5-FAM] EGFR/kinKDR peptide substrate
Peptide substrate of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family known as ErbBs or HER receptors. These receptors are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. When these receptors are dysregulated many diseases, including cancer, can arise.Binding to the ligand binding domain of the EGFR causes receptor dimerization. This is sequentially followed by the tyrosine kinase domain being activated and the tyrosine residues on the C-terminal tail of the receptor becoming phosphorylated, activating downstream signalling pathways.This peptide contains an N-terminal 5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM) moiety, a widely used green fluorescent tag.Peso molecular:1,978.9 g/molGRP (18-27) (human, porcine, canine)
Mammalian bombesin-like neuropeptide first isolated from pig spinal cord, which can stimulate rat uterine smooth muscle contraction and gastrin and somatostatin secretion in vitro. Increases blood pressure and pancreatic exocrine secretion in dogs.Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:1,119.5 g/molInfluenza Virus Nucleoprotein (311 - 325)
The Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein (311 - 325) is a component of the viral ribonucleotide complex, derived from the influenza virus and it is involved in viral replication, RNA packing and nuclear trafficking. As a monomer it contains basic residues which allow it to bind to single stranded RNA and through its flexible tail loop it has the ability to form NP oligomers.Furthermore NP is able to support the viral polymerase structurally, through associating with the two subunits PB1 and PB2, and it allows the viral ribonucleotide complex to be transported in and out of the nucleus due to its nuclear localisation and nuclear export signals.During influenza viral replication messenger RNA, viral genome RNA and complementary positive-sense RNA are produced and NP is crucial for this replication.Inhibitors of NP have potential to be used to prevent the influenza virus in humans.Peso molecular:1,764.9 g/molHp1404
Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are proving a lucrative area for antibiotics in the era of bacterial resistance. Of note, the scorpion Heterometrus petersii was found to produce Hp1404, an amphipathic cationic peptide with specific activity against Gram-positive bacteria- Hp1404 was shown to be effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The mode of action is by membrane penetration and disruption. MRSA did not gain resistance after several exposures to Hp1404 suggesting it may be a key agent against the rise of antibiotic resistance. Importantly, bacterial lethality was maintained with low toxicity to mammalian cells. Hp1404 is being used to generate analogues with reduced toxicity to mammalian cells and improved antimicrobial potency against a wider range of organisms.Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:1,544.9 g/molPantinin-2
Pantinin-2, like other pantinin peptides, has high activity against Gram-positive bacteria yet weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Pantinin-2 also displays activity against Candida tropicalis and has relatively mild haemolytic activity against human red blood cells.Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:1,403.8 g/molACTH (7-38) Human
Segment 7-38 of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH, also known as corticotropin, is a cleavage product from a larger precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC). This 39 amino acid-peptide hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary gland upon stimulation by the corticotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in response to stress. It stimulates the secretion of steroid hormone, specifically glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex by acting through a cell membrane receptor (ACTH-R). In mammals, the action of ACTH is limited to those areas of the adrenal cortex in which the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol (hydrocortisone) and corticosterone are formed. ACTH has little control over the secretion of aldosterone, the other major steroid hormone from the adrenal cortex.Peso molecular:3,659.11 g/molBiotin-PEG2-Claudin-9
Biotin-PEG2-Claudin-9 is derived from the tight junction protein Claudin-9 which is encoded by the CLDN6 gene and can be found within epithelial cell to cell contacts. Structurally, the Claudin family, of which Claudin-9 is a member, are transmembrane proteins containing two extracellular loops and are involved in maintaining cell polarity and controlling paracellular ion flux.Reduction in the number of Claudins has been associated with tumour formation. This may be due to Claudin role in maintaining cell detachment and migration.Claudin-9 has been shown to be overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has the ability to increase the metastasis of hepatocytes. It further influences the activation of the Stat3 signalling pathway through tyrosine kinase 2. Overall CLDN9 demonstrates itself to be a HCC proto-oncogene.This peptide has a covalently bonded N-terminal Biotin tag that can be used for detection and purification and contains a polyethylene glycol spacer (PEG2).Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:2,881.5 g/molAc-RLR-[AMC] Proteasome Substrate
Fluorogenic substrate peptide to assay trypsin-like activity. In its intact state this peptide is non-fluorescent, however when aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) is released upon hydrolysation, fluorescence can be detected. This peptide is therefore a useful tool for analysing trypsin-like enzyme activity.AMC is a fluorescent dye with excitation maxima at around 360 nm and emission maxima at around 450 nm. AMC can be excited with a mercury lamp and observed using a UV filter set.Peso molecular:642.4 g/molIFNB1 (118-132) Human
Recombinant human interferon-β (IFNB) is a therapeutic for certain stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, a significant portion of patients develop neutralising antibodies within 2 years and prevent clinical efficacy of the treatment, this was correlated to a specific rise in IgG. Sequencing of IFNB1 revealed a CD4+ T cell epitope residues (118-132) that contains critical T cell activation residues. The identification of this sequences can now allow it to be manipulated to hopefully provide new interferon treatments that reduces the capacity for induction of neutralising antibodies in MS patients. The IFNB1 (118-132) epitope can be used for immunological investigations such as T cell activation, antibody recognition via immunoassays and immunohistochemistry. This may provide further insights into certain haplotypes correlating to IFNB responses in MS treatment.Peso molecular:1,906.23 g/molTetanus Toxin P2 (830 - 844)
Tetanus Toxin P2 (830 - 844) is a protein that is derived from the single-chain polypeptide neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. The neurotoxins produced by Clostridium tetani are among the most potent molecules known to humankind. Once in the body, the toxin binds to the basal lamina at the neuromuscular junction. From here, the toxin is transported to inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord, where it prevents the release of neurotransmitters, which causes spastic paralysis.The P2 protein has antigenic properties that are reflective of the neurotoxin released by Clostridium tetani. Therefore, P2 is a suitable epitopes for CD4+ T cells and can be used to stimulate the release of IFNg, which is a cytokine that promotes macrophage activity and coordinates lymphocyte endothelium interactions.
Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:1,724 g/molInsulin A Chain (A12-21)
Type I diabetes is an autoimmune condition caused by the destruction of insulin-producing β cells. The initiation mechanism is unclear but involves activating autoreactive T cells against the β-cell-specific antigen, insulin.RIP-B7.1 mice express CD80 on pancreatic β cells and are a model for studying de novo induction of diabetogenic CD8 T cells. Immunization of RIP-B7.1 mice with preproinsulin (ppins)-encoding plasmid DNA induces experimental autoimmune diabetes (EAD). EAD is associated with significant induction of CD8 T cells specific for the (A12-21) restricted epitope leading to the destruction of β cells.The Insulin A Chain (A12-21) epitope is recognised by pancreas-infiltrating CD8 T cells isolated from immunized, diabetic RIP-B7.1 mice as shown by flow cytometry. The Insulin A Chain (A12-21) epitope can also be used to stimulate inducible IFN- expression of ppins-primed CD8 T cells ex vivo as determined by flow cytometry. GFP fusion has shown the expression of insulin A chain (A12-21) epitope in HeLa cells.Peso molecular:1,246.3 g/molMBP Ac1-9 (4Y)
This peptide constitutes the acetylated N-terminal region of murine myelin basic protein (MBP) and displays high affinity for major histocompatibility complexes (MHC). This high MHC affinity is due to substitution of the native lysine at position 4 for a tyrosine. Substitution increases the MHC binding affinity of the peptide by around 1 million fold, therefore creating a superagonist ligand. MBP is an integral component of myelin found in the central nervous system (CNS) vital for the development and stability of the myelin sheath where it plays a role in membrane adhesion. MBP may be targeted by auto-antibodies in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The low affinity of the native lysine containing MBP 1-9 peptide for MCH class II may result in MBP auto-reactive T cells escaping central-tolerance where self reactive T cells are usually eliminated. MBPs constitute an extraordinarily varied collection of splice isoforms which show a myriad of post-translational modifications.
Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:1,133.22 g/molYSA acid
YSA binds to the extracellular domain of ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) with high affinity and selectivity. YSA binding activates EphA2 and its tumour suppressing downstream signalling pathways (including inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways), and promotes receptor internalisation.EphA2 is highly expressed in many types of solid tumour, and the level of EphA2 expression is positively correlated with malignancy and poor prognosis in some cancer types.YSA has been shown to be an effective targeting peptide of chemotherapeutic drugs to EphA2 expressing tumours. YSA-drug conjugates are able to selectively target EphA2 expressing tumours, both activating tumour supressing downstream signalling pathways, and becoming effectively internalised by cancer cells to further increase the potency of the chemotherapeutic drug. YSA-drug conjugates have been shown to be dramatically more effective at inhibiting tumour growth than chemotherapy alone. Selective tumour targeting with YSA could also reduce the systemic toxicity caused by nonselective and highly toxic chemotherapy agents, and thus reduce adverse side effects of chemotherapy.Peso molecular:1,346.6 g/molUBA3 (59-72) peptide
Peptide derived from the ubiquitin-activating enzyme 3 (UBA3), the catalytic subunit of the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE).Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:1,495.8 g/molAngiotensin II (1-8)
Angiotensin II (Ang-II) is a key signalling peptide of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) which is involved in regulating blood pressure, cardiovascular function and energy balance. RAS activity is elevated in obesity and is widely studied in relation to lifestyle-related diseases.Ang-II is produced from angiotensinogen (AGT) via the intermediate angiotensin I (Ang-I). AGT is cleaved by the aspartyl-protease, renin, to produce Ang-I, which is then cleaved by the dicarboxyl-peptidase angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). ACE removes a histidine and a leucine from the C-terminus of Ang-I to form Ang-II.Ang-II exerts its affect by binding to the G-protein-coupled receptors- Ang II type 1 (AT1) and Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptors. Ang-II plays central roles in glucose metabolism and blood pressure. Increased levels of Ang-II have also been associated with Alzheimer's disease, and certain cancers including oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), brain cancers and breast cancers. The effects of Ang-II appear to be supressed by another branch of the RAS- the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas pathway.Peso molecular:1,045.5 g/molSRC-1 (676-700)
Steroid Receptor Coactivator - 1 (676-700).
Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:2,797.4 g/molN-formylated PSMalpha3
Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus strains produce N-formylmethionyl containing peptides. Peptides starting with an N-formylated methionyl group constitute a unique hallmark of bacterial as well as mitochondrial metabolism, and professional phagocytes of our innate immune system recognise this microbial/mitochondrial pattern as a danger signal that guides innate immune cells.All PSMα peptides have the same basic functions and promote virulence through effects on discrete neutrophil functions (i.e. chemotaxis) and by being cytotoxic at higher concentrations. PSMα2 and PSMα3 can both bind to FPR2 and trigger superoxide release in neutrophils at low nanomolar concentrations. In addition, at high nanomolar concentrations they display cytotoxicity selectively on apoptotic neutrophil membranes and this occurs in an FPR2 independent manner.Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:2,633.4 g/molKRREILSRRPSYR-acid
Protein kinases are important drug targets for numerous diseases to try and better evaluate the enzyme specificity, affinity, mode of action and identify possible inhibitors. In vitro assays and synthetic substrates provide valuable data about human kinase activity. CREBtide KRREILSRRPSYR is based on the phosphorylation sequence in d-CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) it is a substrate for protein kinase A (PKA)(Km = 3.9 mM). However, it has also been tested as a substrate for other protein kinases, including cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK) and protein kinase C (PKC). Immunoblots and autoradiography have been used for CREBtide KRREILSRRPSYR in vitro kinase analysis.Forma y color:PowderPeso molecular:1,716 g/mol
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