Substrats fluorogènes

4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl β-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase . Upon hydrolysis, the fluorogenic moiety (blueish) 4-trifluoromethylumbelliferone (also known as TFMU) is released. 4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl β-D-galactopyranoside is commonly used in bacterial detection and in LacZ gene expression assays.

Ethyl umbelliferone-3-carboxylate-a-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate used for detecting alpha-glucosidase activity in enzymatic assays. When alpha-glucosidase cleaves , the glycosidic bond, umbelliferone-3-carboxylate is released, which exhibits strong fluorescence. This substrate is commonly utilized in glycobiology research, diagnostic tests, and high-throughput screening of enzyme inhibitors.

Fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside is a fluorescent probe that has been used to visualize the enzyme activities of glycosidases, such as endoglycosidase H and α-amylase. It is also used as a tool in structural analysis of oligosaccharides. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside has been shown to inhibit collagenase activity in mice, which may be due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis and cell division.

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4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a chromogenic substrate for β-glucuronidase. It is used in diagnostic applications and as a substrate in enzyme kinetics experiments. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester has fluorescence properties that allow it to be detected by chemiluminescence and bioluminescence.

4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid 2-sulfate disodium salt is a chromogenic substrate that is used in the detection of glycosidases. It reacts with enzymes such as alpha-amylase, beta-galactosidase, and beta-glucosidase to produce a fluorescent product. This product can be detected using a fluorometer or spectrophotometer. The CAS number for 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid 2-sulfate disodium salt is 1045020-74-3.

4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, the fluorogenic moiety (blueish) 4-trifluoromethylumbelliferone (also known as TFMU) is released. 4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl b-D-glucopyranoside is commonly used in bacterial detection and in Gaucher disease diagnosis.

A substrate used for the diagnosis of Sanfilippo disease type D (MPS IIID).

4-Methylumbelliferyl-2-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-fucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-fucosidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl-2-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-fucopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-L-fucosidase activity is used for fucosidosis diagnosis.

Fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase

Fluorogenic substrate targeting beta-glucosidase

Fluorescent dye substrate for flow cytometric measurements

Bis(4-methylumbelliferyl)phosphate is a fluorescent probe that can be used for the diagnosis of β-glucosidase. It has a phosphate group and can be used to study phosphodiesterases and phosphodiesters. Bis(4-methylumbelliferyl)phosphate is also a liposomal probe that can be used in kinetic studies. This compound has been shown to inhibit β-glucosidase, which is an enzyme found in human saliva and pancreatic juice, at high concentrations. The inhibition of this enzyme leads to the accumulation of glucose and galactose in the blood, which can lead to diabetes mellitus or cancer.

4-Methylumbelliferone is a fluorescent probe that can be used to study the metabolism of fatty acids in plants. It is also used as a marker for radiation and significant cytotoxicity. 4-Methylumbelliferone binds to the DNA termini, specifically at the 5' phosphate group, and inhibits phosphatase activity. This process increases levels of p-nitrophenyl phosphate (a substrate), which produces protocatechuic acid (an intermediate). The disulfide bond is then broken by hydrogen peroxide, leading to an increase in fluorescence. The optimum pH for this process is 7.5.

4-Methylumbelliferyl beta;-D-glucuronide (MUG) is commonly used as a substrate for detecting beta;-glucuronidase. MUG is used for identifying E. coli contamination in food, drinkingwater, clinical samples and for rapid bacterial identification in blood cultures. It is recommended in international normatives (ISO, DIN) as a fluorogenic substrate for detection of E. coli. MUG is also a tool assaying the glucuronidase gene in plants.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 6-thio-palmitate-b-D-glucopyranoside (Mu-6S-Palm-β-Glc) is a fluorogenic substrate of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), used in the diagnosis of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL). INCL, also known as infantile CLN1 disease, is a rapidly progressing lysosomal storage disorder (LSD), caused by a deficiency of PPT1. Mu-6S-Palm-β-Glc is also used as the substrate in the PPT assay to investigate the retention of lysosomal enzyme activity of bi-functional IgG-PPT1 fusion protein in the delivery across blood-brain barrier.