Oligosaccharides

<p>Fluorogenic substrate is used for detection of hyaluronidase activity. Urinary hyaluronidase activity is elevated in patients with intermediate and high grade bladder cancer; the expression of hyaluronidase and hyaluronan synthase-1 mRNA in malignant tissue can predict bladder cancer metastasis and disease recurrence (Kramer, 2011). These findings underscore the potential utility of the hyaluronidases to serve as biomarkers for bladder cancer. A novel fluorescent substrate labelled with two dyes: fluorescein as a green donor fluorophore, and rhodamine B as a red acceptor fluorophore, was therefore developed to measure hyaluronidase enzyme kinetics (Zhang, 2008). It was then demonstrated that simultaneous measurements of green and red emission of HA–FRET could be used to measure hyaluronidase presence and activity (Fudala, 2011).</p>

Gala1-3(Fuca1-2)Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Gal (B antigen pentasaccharide Type I)

3-O-b-D-Galactosylsucrose is a synthetic, fluorinated, high purity, oligosaccharide. It is a complex carbohydrate that contains an O-linked glycosylated monosaccharide. This product has been modified with a click modification. The CAS number for this product is 686717-73-7 and it can be synthesized to order.

N-Acetylneuraminic acid pentamer penta sodium is a modification of the N-acetylneuraminic acid monomer. It is a carbohydrate that is made up of five saccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds. The first four saccharides are N-acetylneuraminic acid and the fifth unit is D-mannose. This molecule has been synthesized for use as a vaccine adjuvant to increase the body's immune response to vaccines.

GM1-biotin ganglioside (sodium salt) has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with sialic acid linked α2,3 to the inner galactose residue, ceramide linked β to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue, and biotin to position 5 on sialic acid (Ledeen, 2009). GM1 ganglioside is abundant in all mammalian brains where it covers 10%-20% of the total ganglioside mixture. It is found in epithelial membranes and is a key element for bacterial toxicity and viral infection as it is the intestinal receptor for the cholera toxin, the B-subunits of heat-labile toxin, rotavirus, and simian virus 40. GM1 ganglioside functions as a neurotrophic and neuroprotective compound, and has been used therapeutically for diabetic and peripheral neuropathies. GM1 ganglioside also has the ability to bind amyloid-β proteins and is involved in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis (Chiricozzi, 2020).

<p>a-Tetrasaccharide-APE-KLH is a modification of the original tetrasaccharide APE-KLH conjugate. This modified conjugate has increased stability and higher binding affinity to the Fc receptor, which is required for antibody therapy. It is synthesized by custom synthesis and has high purity, with a CAS number of 674797-36-5. The monosaccharides in this conjugate are methylated and glycosylated, with a molecular weight of 1254. The saccharides are fluorinated and saccharide with a molecular weight of 1354.</p>

3,4,2',3',4'-Penta-O-acetylsucrose (PAS) is a carbohydrate that has been found to be a potent inhibitor of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. The reductive elimination of the acetyl groups from PAS produces 2,3,4'-tri-O-acetylsucrose (TAS), which is also an inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase. TAS inhibits this enzyme by binding to the active site and blocking access to the substrate. TAS also inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver cells by competing with glucose for uptake into the cell. In vitro studies have shown that TAS binds to boron trifluoride and lithium aluminum hydride more effectively than it does to diazomethane or detritylation.

The 6-deoxy-6-fluorocyclomaltoheptaose is a low molecular weight compound that has been found to have anti-amylase activity. This substance is characterized by its chromatographic techniques, which can be used to identify the chemical structure of the molecule. The 6-deoxy-6-fluorocyclomaltoheptaose has been found to consist of an amylase inhibitor and an enzyme substrate. It exhibits specificity for the catalytic site of amylase, which is located in subsite 1, and it attacks this substrate at the 6-position of glucose. This substance is not as potent as other amylase inhibitors such as d-glucose, but it does show greater specificity for amylase than other substances with similar structures.

<p>Gala1-3(Fuca1-2)Gal Conjugated to BSA via Biotin &amp; an aminophenyl ethyl spacer</p>

<p>Maltohexaose is a polysaccharide formed by 6 units of glucose and can be metabolised inside the cell to a substrate-based inhibitor of fucosyltransferases. It can also be converted to GDP-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-L-fucose, a competitive inhibitor of α-1,3-fucosyltransferase. Matohexaose is used as acceptor for measuring the activity of 4-Alpha-Glucanotransferase.</p>

1,5-alpha-L-Arabinotetraose is a methylated and glycosylated tetrasaccharide with a molecular weight of 720. It is a custom synthesis product with high purity and it can be used for the modification of proteins, polysaccharides, or other compounds. 1,5-alpha-L-Arabinotetraose has been shown to have fluoroquinolone resistance due to its methylation and glycosylation. The compound is an oligosaccharide that is synthesized from arabinose. It can be modified by click chemistry to introduce fluorine atoms at desired positions.

Tool for studying carbohydrate metabolism

<p>N-Acetylneuraminic acid trimer disodium salt is a methylated saccharide that is used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It can be modified by Click chemistry to produce a variety of compounds, including oligosaccharides. N-Acetylneuraminic acid trimer disodium salt can also be fluorinated for use as an organic fluorinating agent in glycosylation reactions to make sugar derivatives. This compound has high purity and is custom synthesized to meet customer needs.</p>

<p>GlcNPhth[346Ac]b(1-3)Gal[246Bn]-b-MP is a complex carbohydrate that is derivatized with methyl, click, and fluorination. It has been modified with saccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides to create a custom synthesis. This product is available for purchase at the desired purity level. GlcNPhth[346Ac]b(1-3)Gal[246Bn]-b-MP is Glycosylated, Methylated, Clicked, Polysaccharide Fluorinated Saccharide Modified with Oligosaccharide Synthetic CAS No Monosaccharide Custom Synthesis High Purity.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-4-O-acetyl-6-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-b-D -galactopyranosyl)-2 deoxy a D galactopyranosyl Fmoc threonine tert butyl ester is a custom synthesis with high purity and custom synthesis. This product is recommended for methylation and glycosylation reactions. It is a complex carbohydrate that has been modified by fluorination and saccharide.</p>

<p>Lipid A is a complex carbohydrate that is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The lipid A molecule consists of a long chain of fatty acids linked to a phosphate group, with sugar and phosphate groups attached. Lipid A is important for the virulence of many Gram-negative bacteria, including Salmonella. Fluorination, monosaccharide, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide modifications are used to modify lipid A to increase its immunogenicity as an adjuvant or vaccine component. Click modification and methylation are also used to alter lipid A structure. This product has been custom synthesized in our lab using high purity ingredients.</p>

<p>Lacto-N-difucohexaose I-BSA is a high purity, custom synthesis sugar that is fluorinated, glycosylated, and methylated. It has been modified to be an oligosaccharide or monosaccharide with saccharides. Lacto-N-difucohexaose I-BSA is a complex carbohydrate that is made up of several different sugars. This product can be used for many purposes such as Click modification and Fluorination.</p>

Man-7 N-Glycan is a sugar that is composed of an oligosaccharide and a monosaccharide. The oligosaccharide is composed of an alpha-1,6-linked mannose, an alpha-1,2-linked mannose, and a beta-1,2-linked mannose. The monosaccharide is composed of glucose. This sugar has been modified with methylation and fluorination on the mannose side chains. It also contains glycosylation in the form of O-(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)n or O-(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-(beta-D-mannopyranosyl)m. A CAS number for this carbohydrate has not yet been assigned because it is custom synthesized. Man 7 N Glycan can be found in nature as a component of glycogen

Man-2a N-glycan is a modification of the oligosaccharide mannose that is an important component of many glycoproteins. This product can be custom synthesized, and has been shown to have high purity. It is a carbohydrate that contains a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide. The glycan may also contain methylation, glycosylation, or fluorination. It has CAS No. 491845-49-9, which is the number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) division of the American Chemical Society to identify substances.

4-Methoxyphenyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-4-O-(2,6-di-O-benzyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a custom synthesis that belongs to the class of complex carbohydrate. It has been modified by methylation and glycosylation. This product is a fluorinated saccharide and has been synthesized using click chemistry. The purity of this product is high.