Oligosaccharides

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<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-{2-O-acetyl-3-O-[2,4-di-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2,6 glycoside)-bDglucopyranosyl]-3,6 di -Obenzyl - bDmannopyranosyl} - 3,6 di -Obenzyl 2 deoxy 2 phthalimido bDglucopyranoside is a synthetic compound that belongs to the group of oligosaccharides. It is a modification of a monosaccharide with methylation and fluorination. The synthesis of this compound includes the use of Click chemistry for glycosylation. The CAS number is 766913–30–8.</p>

<p>Linear B-2 trisaccharide is a human serum glycoprotein that belongs to the group of glycoconjugates. It has been shown to have clinical relevance in the detection of cancer and infectious diseases, as well as for use in the treatment of cancer. Linear B-2 trisaccharide can be used in combination with monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This molecule is also an inhibitor of both influenza virus hemagglutinin and HIV gp120, which may be due to its ability to react with specific carbohydrate structures on these proteins. Linear B-2 trisaccharide is biocompatible and can be used in the development of biodegradable polymers. The linearity of this molecule makes it more stable than other related molecules, such as glycopeptides.</p>

<p>Chitinases are enzymes that hydrolyze chitin, a polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of insects, fungi and other invertebrates. Chitohexaose is a sugar that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. It is a carbohydrate with six acetyl groups attached to it. When this sugar reacts with ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) in an acidic environment, it produces N,N',N'',N''',N'''',N''''',N''''''-heptaacetylchitoheptaose. This reaction system can be used as a chitinase preparation for investigating the biological effects of chitohexaose. The magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study the reaction system and revealed that the product is a hexamer with six acetyl groups on each monomer.</p>

<p>2-Amino-2-deoxy-3-O-(b-D-glucopyranuronosyl)-D-galactopyranose monohydrate is a glycoside that is found in the testes. It has inhibitory properties on oligosaccharides and can be used to study the structure of glycoconjugates. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-3-O-(b-D-glucopyranuronosyl)-D-galactopyranose monohydrate has been shown to inhibit the enzyme hydrolase, which is involved in glycoprotein synthesis. 2ADOGP has also been shown to bind to human serum albumin, an abundant protein in human blood plasma that transports lipids, hormones, and other molecules throughout the body. This binding results in a decrease in the serum concentration of 2ADOGP after administration.</p>

<p>Isolated from ivory-nut mannan hydrolysates</p>

<p>4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-maltose is an oligosaccharide that is a high purity custom synthesis. It has a Click modification and can be synthesized using the Fluorination and Glycosylation reaction. 4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-maltose is soluble in water and ethanol, but insoluble in ether. This product is listed as CAS No. 93417-41-5 and has a Methylation modification. 4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-maltose is also found in saccharides, carbohydrates, and complex carbohydrates.</p>

<p>1,2-a-1,2-a-D-Mannotriose 1-O-propylamine acetate salt is a synthetic oligosaccharide.</p>

GM2-oligosaccharide (sodium salt) is a trisaccharide (GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with sialic acid linked α2,3 to the central galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). The parent GM2 ganglioside is present on neuronal cells and plays a key role in the regulation of dendritogenesis in cortical pyramidal neurons. In lysosomal storage disorders, such as, Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease, where hexosaminases A and B are deficient, GM2 ganglioside accumulates in the nervous system (Cachon-Gonzalez, 2018). GM2 ganglioside is also overexpressed in melanomas and other tumours of neuro-ecto origin (Yoshida, 2020). Moreover, the sugar moiety of GM2 ganglioside is a receptor allowing viral infection of cells with reovirus and rotavirus (Zhu, 2018).

<p>a1-3 linked isomer of globotetraose</p>

<p>Derived from pullulan using pullulanase</p>

<p>Milk oligosaccharide; antigen; expressed on gastric mucosa and cancer cells</p>

<p>GA2-ganglioside is a ganglioside that is found in the membranes of cells. GA2-Ganglioside has been shown to inhibit the growth of tumors by binding to macrophages and T cells, which are two types of white blood cells. It has also been shown that GA2-Ganglioside can be used as a target for an antibody response against human HL-60 tumor cells. The antibody response induces cell lysis and reduces the size of the tumor. GA2-Ganglioside has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its ability to bind to α subunits on bowel disease and infectious diseases, such as murine sarcoma virus, causing an antibody response that causes cell lysis and prevents replication of these viruses.</p>

<p>The ‘tallowate’ esters are probably the best known derivatives of sucrose and many attempts have been made to commercialise them in order to exploit their excellent surfactant functionalities.  The most functional products are the mono- and diesters of the tallow acids (stearic, palmitic, oleic) with hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values that lend themselves to surfactant applications in foods and cosmetics.  They also have other uses, for example in coating fruits with a semipermeable membrane that acts as a preservative.  Manufacturing economics have prevented these products from mass production and they remain in niche applications.</p>

Chitobiose-6'-phosphate is a carbohydrate that is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. It can be modified to produce different types of saccharides, such as methylation, saccharide click modification, and modification. Chitobiose-6'-phosphate is available in high purity and offers a custom synthesis service for specific requirements.

<p>Immunomodulatory pentasaccharide; prebiotic</p>

<p>Neutral hexasasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk</p>

<p>3'-Sialyllacto-N-neotetraose sodium is a synthetic, fluorinated oligosaccharide with a sialic acid side chain. This compound has been shown to be an inhibitor of lacto-N-neotetraose synthesis in the human gut. It is also used as a raw material for the synthesis of various complex carbohydrates and as a click modification reagent for saccharides and polysaccharides. 3'-Sialyllacto-N-neotetraose sodium can be modified at its methyl group or sugar moiety to produce desired products.</p>

<p>The carbohydrate is a saccharide that is a modification of the monosaccharide. It is synthesized from D-mannose and D-glucose and has a fluorination at the C4 position. The carbohydrate has been custom synthesized for high purity, methylation, glycosylation, and click modification.</p>

<p>GM1 pentasaccharide biotin (sodium salt) has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with sialic acid linked α2,3 to the inner galactose residue and biotin linked β to position 1 on the reducing glucose moiety (Ledeen, 2009). The parent ganglioside GM1 is abundant in all mammalian brains, where it covers 10%-20% of the total ganglioside mixture. It is found in epithelial membranes and is a key element for bacterial toxicity and viral infection as it is the intestinal receptor for cholera toxin the B-subunits of heat-labile toxin, rotavirus, and simian virus 40. GM1 ganglioside functions as a neurotrophic and neuroprotective compound and has been used therapeutically for diabetic and peripheral neuropathies. GM1 ganglioside also has the ability to bind amyloid-β proteins and is involved in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis (Chiricozzi, 2020).</p>