Toxicologie

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 3-Iodothyronacetic Acid is a 3-Iodothyronamine metabolite that has functional effects in FRTL-5 thyroid cells.
References Agretti, P. et al.: J. Mol. Endocrinol., 47, 23 (2011);

Applications 5-epi Emtricitabine Carboxylic Acid is an impurity of 5-epi Emtricitabine (E524980); an epimer of Emtricitabine (E525000) which is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved for treatment of HIV-1. Emtricitabine also has antagonistic activity against the hepatitis B virus.
References Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993); Lim, S. et al.: Arch. Intern. Med., 166, 49 (2006); Smith, K., et al.: AIDS, 23, 1547 (2009)

Applications 1-Dehydro-chloramphenicol is metabolite of the drug Chloramphenicol (C325030). It can also be used in biological study fungicidal preparation for treatment of dermatomycosis in farm animals.
References Popluhar, L., et al.: Czech., CS 267192 B1 19900212 (1990)

Applications Pyrethrin 1-d6(E/Z mixture) is the labeled analogue of Pyrethrin 1 (P991245), a pesticide residue that has been found in baby food.
References Luz Gomez-Perez, M., et. al.: Talanta, 131, 1 (2015)

Applications A labelled impurity of Estradiol (E888000).
References Zhu, B., et al.: Steroids, 70, 225 (2005), Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997),

Applications Ethylmorphine 6-(Tri-O-acetylglucuronide Methyl Ester) is an protected metabolite of Ethyl Morphine (E925155), an analgesic and antitussive agent.
References Bugge, A., et al.: Acta, Chem. Scandinavica., 49, 380 (1995);

Applications (E)-1,1'-[2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1-propene-1,3-diyl]bis-1H-1,2,4-triazole is an impurity of Fluconazole (F421000), an antifungal.
References Richard, K. et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 832 (1985),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications (S,S)-Dihydro Bupropion is a metabolite of Bupropion (B689625), a selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake.
References Writer, J.H., et. al.: Sci. Total Environ., 461 (2013)

Applications (Z)-2'-Deschloro Luliconazole is a Luliconazole (L473770) impurity. Luliconazole is an azole antifungal drug.
References Uhida, K., et al.: J. Infect. Chemother., 10, 216 (2004); Niwano, ., et al.: Antimicro. Agents Chemother., 42, 967 (1998)

Applications (1R,3R,4R)-Entecavir is an isomeric impurity of Entecavir (E558900).

Applications N2-Methyl Trimethoprim-D3 is a labelled analogue of N2-Methyl Trimethoprim (M331190).

Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity E
Applications 6,11-Di-O-methyl Erythromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity E) is a Di-O-alkyl Erythromycin (E649950) is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750). Clarithromycin impurity E per British Pharmacopoeia.
References Morimoto, S. et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 286 (1990); Kohno, Y. et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 26, 503 (1990);

Applications p-Salicylic Acid 4-Sulfate is a urine metabolite of Methylated paraben (B693600), an antimicrobial agent used in cosmetic products.
References Tsukamoto, H., et al: Chem. Pharma. Bull., 10, 86 (1962); Desai, N.B., et al.: J. Sci. Indust. Res., 14, 330 (1955);

Applications (R)-Benzylphenobarbital is a derivative of Phenobarbital (P316760), which is an Anticonvulsant; sedative; hypnotic.
References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Chao, M.K.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 359 (1978),

Applications Atraton is a toxic herbicide and an environmental contaminants.
References Lu, Y. C., et al.: Chemosphere, 165, 487 (2015); Dong, X., et al.: Soil Sediment Contam., 24,573 (2015); Gonzalez-Cadena, J., et al.: Sustainable Environment Research, 23, 253 (2013)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A biodegradation product of Malathion (M111000).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Kim, Y. et al.: Chemosphere, 60, 1349 (2005); Yoshii, K. et al.: J. Health Sci., 54, 535 (2008); Hayasaka, M. et al.: Jap. J. Forensic Toxicol., 12, 15 (1994);

Applications Hydroxymethyl Emtricitabine is an impurity of Emtricitabine(E525000) which is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).
References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)

Applications Antihypertensive.

Applications Hopantenate Calcium-d6 is labeled analogue of Hopantenate Calcium (H669565), which is a central nervous system drug. In its calcium salt form, it used to be used for a variety of neurological, psychological and psychiatric conditions in Russia. Hopantenic Acid is also the amide of D-pantoate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
References Kopelevich, V.M., et al.: Pharm. Chem. J., 5, 534 (1971)

Applications A photodegadation product of Atorvastatin (a cyclic impurity of Atorvastatin (A791750)), a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase . Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglyceinhibitorrides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
References Kearney, A.S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 1461 (1993), Heinonen, T.M., et al.: Clin. Ther., 18, 853 (1996), Whitfield, L.R., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 25, 97 (2000),

Applications Linezolid Dimer is an impurity of the antibacterial agent Linezolid (L466500).

Applications Emtricitabine Phosphonic Acid is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Emtricitabine Triphosphate Triethylammonium Salt (E525075), which is a metabolite of (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000).
References Barditch-Crovo, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 2733 (2001); Ray, A., et al.: Antivir .Ther., 10, 451 (2005); Borroto-Esoda, K., et al.: Antivir. Ther., 11, 377 (2006)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications 2,4,5-Trichloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile is a degradation product of Chlorothalonil (C411250).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Bakke, J., et al.: Science, 210, 433 (1980), Aschbacher, P., et al.: Xenobiotica, 17, 1047 (1987), Chadwick, R., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 24, 425 (1992), Wallin, A., et al.: Toxicol. Pathol., 21, 443 (1993),

Applications Mucochloric Acid is an intermediate product of the herbicide Burex that can cause poisioning and skin damage upon exposure. Mucochloric Acid is also a chlorine disinfection byproduct in drinking water with mutagenic activity.
References Kolesar, D. et al.: Bratsilav. Lek. Listy, 64, 132 (1978); Romancik, V.E.: Ces.-Slov. Hyd., 21, 319 (1976); Jansson, K. et al.: Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 25, 284 (1995);