Toxicologie

Applications An intermediate in the preparation of HIV-integrase inhibitors
References Summa, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 5843 (2008),

Impurity Clobazam EP impurity E
Applications Impurity of Clobazam (C582500), a benzodiazepine psychotherapeutic agent. Clobazam (CLB) has proven efficacy against multiple seizure types. An anxiolytic; anticonvulsant and a controlled substance (depressant).
References Gastaut, H., et al.: Epilepsia, 20, 437 (1979), Guberman, A., et al.: Can J. Neurol. Sci., 17, 311 (1990), Munn, R., et al.: Pediatr. Neurol. 9, 465 (1993),

Applications A deuterated selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Bickel, U., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 50, 420 (1991), Maelicke, A., et al.: Drugs Dis Today, 1, 53 (1996), Sauvaltre, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 5311 (2007),

Applications MRX-2843, is an orally available small-molecule inhibitor of both MERTK and FLT3.
References Minson, K. A. et al.: JCI Insight. 2016 Mar;1(3):e85630.;

Applications Labelled Bexarotene (B336750). Used as an antineoplastic. A selective retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist.
References Boehm, M.F., et al.: J. Med. Che., 37,2930 (1994), Gottardis, M.M., et al.: Cancer Res., 56, 5566 (1996), Mukherjee, R., et al.: Nature, 386, 407 (1997), Miller, V.A., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 15, 790 (1997)

Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Epothilones. Epothilones are polyketide natural products that inhibit cancer cells by a mechanism similar to paclitaxel, and also are effective against paclitaxel-resistant tumours. Epothilone D is in phase I clinical testing of in patients with advanced solid tumours. Epothilone D is a cytotoxic macrolide that stabilises malignant cells' microtubules and arrests mitosis, a characteristic it shares with other epothilones. They bind to the same hepatic sites as does paclitaxel (Taxol) in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of a, b-tubulin heterodimers.
References Hoee, G., et al.: Pure Appl. Chem., 71, 11, 2019 (1999), Giannakakou, P., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 2904 (2000)

Applications Ketoconazole N-​Oxide is an impure analogue of Ketoconazole (K186000) which inhibits cytochrome P-450 dependent steps in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in vivo. Antimetastatic and antineoplastic activity. Orally active 5-lipoxygenase and thromboxane synthase inhibitor.
References Lambert, A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 35, 3999 (1986), Van Wauwe, J.P. and Janssen, P.A.J., J. Med. Chem., 32, 2231 (1989), Nardone, P.A., et al.: . Surg. Res., 44, 425 (1988), Tucker, W.F.G., et al.: Br. Med. J., 293, 882 (1986)

Applications Desaminosulfonyl N-Acetyl-dorzolamide is an intermediate in the synthesis of Dorzolamide N-Sulfonamide Dimer (D535110), which is a by-product from in-process test for synthesis of dorzolamide hydrochloride.
References Thomas, S., et al.: At-Process, 2, 432 (1997)

Applications Labelled Fenthion Sulfone (F278015). Fenthion Sulfone is a metabolite of the organothiophosphate insecticide Fenthion (F278000).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Oh, C., et al.: Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 78, 314 (2007); Wang, W., et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 602, 211 (2007);

Applications Cilostazol-d4 is the labeled analogue of Cilostazol (C441500), a potent phosphodiesterase III A (PDE3A) inhibitor (IC50=0.2uM) and inhibitor of adenosine uptake. Has antimitogeni, antithrombotic, vasodilatory and cardiotonic properties in vivo. Also affects lipid levels in vivo.
References Suri, A., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 38, 144 (1998); Park, S.-W., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 84, 511 (1999); Tsuchikane, E., et al.: Circulation, 100, 21 (1999)

Applications Fluenetil is a fluenethyl acaricide.
References Johannsen, F. R., et al.: Comp. Gen. Pharmacol., 5, 101 (1974), Johannsen, F. R., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 67, 5 (1974)

Applications N-Hydroxyphenylglycyl Cefadroxil-d4 is the isotope labelled analog of N-Hydroxyphenylglycyl Cefadroxil. N-Hydroxyphenylglycyl Cefadroxil is a derivative of Cefadroxil (C235750), which is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.
References Muggleton, et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 253 (1968), Marrelli, L.P., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 21 (1975),

Applications N2-Des(L-valinyl) N2-Formal Lopinavir is an impurity of Lopinavir (L469480), which is a selective HIV protease inhibitor. An analogue of Ritonavir. Antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.
References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998), Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999), Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)

Applications Vinblastine-d3 Methiodide is the labeled analogue of Vinblastine Methiodide (V314015), an adduct of Vinblastine (V314000), an antitumor alkaloid isolated from periwinkle, Vinca rosea Linn., Apocynaceae; inhibits microtubule assembly. An antineoplastic.
References Dorman, D.E., Paschal, J.W.: Org. Magnetic Resonance, 8, 413 (1976); Lu, C., et al.: Cancer Research, 39, 3575 (1979); Gobbi, P.G., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 14, 527 (1996); Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 21, 611 (1992)

Applications Labelled Olmesartan Medoxomil (O550000). Olmesartan Medoxomil is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Olmesartan Medoxomil is used as an anti-hypertensive.
References Yanagisawa, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 323 (1996), Puchler, K., et al.: J. Hypertens., 15, 1809 (1997),

Applications Atazanavir-8-(N-methoxycarbonyl)-L-tert-leucine Ester is an impurity of the drug Atazanavir (A790051). Atazanavir is a novel azapeptide HIV protease inhibitor (PI). Antiviral. Like other antiretrovirals, it is used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Newer research has been investigating the potential anticancer effects of atazanavir
References Palella, F.J. Jr., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 338(13), 853 (1998), Nolan, D., et al.: Drugs, 63(23), 2555 (2003), Musial, B.L., et al.: Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., 61, 1365 (2004), Wood, R., et al.: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 36, 684 (2004),

Applications (6R,7S)-Cefoperazone Sodium Salt is the enantiomer of Cefoperazone (C242900) as an impurity.
References Fabre, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 73, 611 (1984), Strasters, J., et al.: Anal. Chem., 63, 2503 (1991), Chen, Z., et al.: World Notes Antibiot., 25, 249 (2004),

Applications Flavokavain B is a secondary metabolite of the kava plant (Piper methysticum Forst. f., Piperaceae, which has anticancer properties and demonstrated oral efficacy in murine cancer models.  Futhermore, it also has suspected roles in rare cases of kava-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, it is a potential candidate for the development of novel antifungal phytotherapic products.
References Pinner, K. D., et al.: Pharmaceutical Biology (Abingdon, United Kingdom), 54, Epub ahead of print (2016); Rowe A., et al.: Phytotherapy Research, 26, 1768 (2012); Alves dos Santos, R., et al.: Journal of Chemistry, (2013)

Stability Temperature Sensitive
Applications It is used in efficient synthesis of 1β-O-acyl glucuronides via regioselective acylation of allyl or benzyl D-glucuronate.Αcyl glucuronides are known metabolites of important drugs.
References Kaspersen, F., et al.: Xenobiotica, 17, 1451 (1987), Ebner, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 1143 (1999), Shipkova, M., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 25, 1 (2003), Stachulski, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 6931 (2006),

Applications Ritonavir O-Sulfate is a metabolite of Ritonavir (R535000); a selective HIV protease inhibitor. It is a COVID19-related research product.
References Daluge, S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 1590 (1994); Ammaranond, P., et al.: J. Clin. Virol., 26, 153 (2003), Harrigan, P., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 191, 339 (2005); Miller, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 1788(2006); Denissen, J.F., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 25, 489 (1997)

Applications A labelled imidazole, a versatile heterocycle used in the preparation of various biologically active compounds such as the amino acid histidine and is present in many antifungal medication. It is also used extensively as a corrosion inhibitor on transition metals such as copper.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Arispe, N. et al.: Biophys. J., 95, 4879 (2008); Troesken, E.R. et al.: Endo. Res., 30, 387 (2004); Otmacic Curkovic, H. et al.: Corr. Sci., 51, 2342 (2009);

Applications A neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. A CNS stimulant.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Damaj, M.I., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 282, 410 (1997), Toth, P.T., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 363, 75 (1998), Flammia, D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 42, 3726 (1999), Dwoskin, P.A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 63, 89 (2002),

Applications N-Ethoxycarbonyl Dabigatran Ethyl Ester is an impurity of Dabigatran (D100090), which is antithrombotic drug.
References Hauel, N., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 1757 (2002); Mungall, D., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 3, 095 (2002); Stangier, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 555 (2005);

Applications β-Adrenergic blocker. Antihypertensive, antianginal, antiarrhythmic.
References Garteiz, et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 179, 354 (1971), Taylor, S.H., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 307, 1293 (1982),

Applications An inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, the initial enzyme in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes from Arachidonic Acid. Used as an antiasthmatic.
References Carter, G.W., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 256, 929 (1991), Weinblatt, M.E., et al.: J. Rheumatol., 19, 1537 (1992), McGill, K and Busse, W.W.: Lancet, 348, 519 (1996)

Applications Agomelatine-d3 (acetamide-2,2,2-d3) (CAS# 1079389-38-0) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications 2-Nitromorphine is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3-O-(Codein-2-yl)morphine (C634500), an impurity of Codeine (C634075).
References Chatterjie, N., et al.: Syn. Commun., 9, 647 (1979);

Applications N2-Acetyl Acyclovir Benzoate-d5 is the isotope labelled analog of N2-Acetyl Acyclovir Benzoate (A167975); a derivative of Acyclovir (A192400) which is an orally active acyclic nucleoside with inhibitory activity towards several herpes viruses. Also an antiviral.
References Collins, P., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 5, 431 (1979); Matsumoto, H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36, 1153 (1988); Whitley, R.J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 327, 782 (1992); Ashton, D.S., et al.: J. Chromatogr. A, 707, 367 (1995)

Applications Linear Daptomycin Hydrochloride Salt is the hydrochloride salt of L466470, which is the open-conformation of Daptomycin (D193350), cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic derived from a fermentation product of Streptomyces roseosporus; disrupts plasma membrane function in gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial. Daptomycin Impurity
References Allen, N.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1093 (1987), Tully, F.P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 8, 1223 (1999),

Applications (-)-Dimethyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-tartrate is used as a reagent to synthesize (+)-Migrastatin, a natural macrolide compound produced by Streptomyces 1 & 2 that acts as a tumour migration cell inhibitor. (-)-Dimethyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-tartrate is also a derivative of Tartaric acid (L-isomer: T007630 & D-isomer: T007625), a compound that is used as a chiral complexing agent in synthetic chemistry.
References Chen, L., et al.: Nature, 464, 1062 (2010); Gaul, C., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 6042 (2003); Heldin, E., et al.: Chromatographia, 32, 407 (1991)

Applications Ledipasvir-d6 is labelled Ledipasvir (L320100) which is most commonly used in combination with sofosbuvir for treatment in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients. It inhibits an important viral phosphoprotein, NS5A, which is involved in viral replication, assembly, and secretion.
References Lawitz, E., et al.: J. Hepatol., 57, 24 (2012); Afdhal, N., et al.: New England J. Med., 370, 1889 (2014)

Applications A metabolite of Quinine.
References Small, D.L., et al.: J. Chem. Med., 22, 1014 (1979), Guentert, T.W., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 7, 31 (1982), Rakhir, A., et al.: J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm., 12, 1 (1984), Christie, D.J., et al.: J. Lab. Clin. Med., 112, 92 (1988),

Applications An amine reactive trifunctional cross linker.

Applications A protected metabolite of Testosterone (T155000) in humans and animals.
References Demisch, K. et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 8, 284 (1969); Fernandez, C. et al.: J Chrom. B Biomed. Appl., 677, 363 (1996); Capolongo, F. et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 26, 160 (2003);

Applications Cyclacillin is an aminosalicylic semisynthetic penicillin; Antibiotic.
References Scheld, W.M., et. al.: Antimicrob. Agents CH., 30, 350 (1986)

Applications Hydroxy Atrazine is a major metabolite of Atrazine (A794600).
References Thurman, E., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 26, 2440 (1992), Evgenidou, E., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 6423 (2002), Namiesnik, J., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 381, 279 (2005), Hultgren, S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 393, 929 (2009),

Applications Furamidine is a diphenylfuran compound belonging to an important class of antimicrobial and antiparasitic agents. Furamidine and its analogues also display antitumor activities and showed antiproliferative activities against various tumor cell lines.
References Lansiaux, A. et al.: Cancer Res., 62, 7219 (2002); Steck E.A. et al.: Exp. Parasitol., 52, 404 (1981); Balzarini, J. et al.: Incest. New Drugs, 1, 103 (1983);

Applications O-Desmethyl-O-ethyl Albendazole-d5 is the isotope labelled analog of O-Desmethyl-O-ethyl Albendazole (D291825); an impurity of Albendazole (A511610) which is an anthelmintic.
References Li, A., et al.: Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi, 22, 360 (1991); Zhao, Y., et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 6, 4509 (2008); Sanderson, H., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 187, 84 (2009)

Applications Lopinavir O-Sulfate is a metabolite of Lopinavir (L469480); a selective HIV protease inhibitor and antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.
References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998); Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999); Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)

Applications A Nicorandil (N398500) derivative

Applications 6-METHYL-5-PROPYL-4(1H)-PYRIMIDINONE (cas# 103980-68-3) is a useful research chemical.

Applications Dihydro-ergotoxine Methanesulfonate has been used to treat dementia and age-related cognitive impairment (such as in Alzheimer disease).
References Flynn, B., et al.: Ann. Pharmacother., 33, 188 (1999); Burian, E.: J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 22, 126 (1974)

Applications Danoprevir is a selective and potent inhibitor of Hepatitis C virus.
References Ali, A. et al.: ACS. Chem. Biol., 8, 1469 (2013); Rong, L. et al.: PLoS. Comp. Biol., 9, e1002959 (2013);

Applications N-Docosanoyl Taurine is found to activate multiple members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels, including TRPV1 and TRPV4 which are expressed in kidney.
References Saghatelian, A., et al.: Biochem., 45, 9007-9015 (2006)

Applications O-Methyl Atovaquone-13C,d3 is the labeled analogue of O-Methyl Atovaquone (M288300). O-Methyl Atovaquone is a Atovaquone derivative that shows protozoacidal activity against Plasmodium falciparum.
References Danoun, S., et. al.: Heterocycl. Commun., 5, 343 (1999)

Applications The dopamine receptors play important role in cognition, memory, learning, and motor control (1). These receptors have been implicated as a therapeutic target for many psychiatric and neurological disorders. R(-)-2,10,11-Trihydroxy-N-propyl-noraporphine Hydrobromide is a potent and selective D2 dopamine receptor agonist (2).
References (1) Ptácek, R., et al.: Med Sci Monit. 17, RA215 (2011) (2) Gao, Y. G., et al.: J Med Chem. 33, 1800 (1990)

Stability Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive
Applications Phorate Sulfoxide is a metabolite of Phorate (85%, P353500) which is a non-biocumulative organophosphate used as an insecticide and acaricide. Phorate is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Pandey, G.C. et al.: Ind. J. Comp. Anim. Physiol., 6, 1 (1988); Henderson, M.C. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 959 (2004); Peter, J.V. et al.: NeuroToxicology, 29, 335 (2008);