Toxicologie

Applications Inhibits FGF-induced angiogenesis. Inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Teratogenic sedative. There is now a growing clinical interest in Thalidomide, and it is introduced as an immunomodulatory agent used primarily in combination with dexamethasone to treat multiple myeloma.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References D’Amato, r.J., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 4082 (1994), Makonkawkeyoon, S., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 5974 (1993), Schumacher, H., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 160, 189 (1968)

Applications N,9-O-Diacetylneuraminic Acid is a primary receptor determinant of influenza C virus.
References Rogers, G., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 261, 5947 (1986); Herrler, G., et al.: EMBO J., 4, 1503 (1985);

Applications Testosterone Hexanoate-d11 is the isotopic analog of Testosterone Hexanoate. Testosterone Hexanoate is a metabolite of testosterone(T155000), which is used in analytical studies to determine the use of anabolic steroid esters and related compounds in equine hair sample though ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
References Gray, B.P., et al.: Analtica Chemica Acta, 787, 163 (2013); McKinney, A., et al.: Bioanalysis 1, 785 (2009)

Applications Oxyquinoline Sulfate is used as a food preservative.
References Gendy, A. et al.: Aud. J. Basic. App. Sci., 6, 260 (2012); Abou El-Ghait, E. et al.: Res. J. Agri. Biol. Sci., 8, 261 (2012);

Applications Gallocatechin ethanol is an antioxidant with free radical scavenging ability; a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. It inhibits the growth and adherence of P. gingivalis onto the buccal epithelial cells. An epimer of (-)-Epigallocatechin (E588940).
References Guo, Q. et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1427, 13 (1999); Sakanaka, S. et al.: Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 60, 745 (1996);

Applications An active insecticidal constituent of pyrethrum flowers. Oxidizes rapidly and becomes inactive in presence of air.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Okey, A., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 45, 241 (1990), Barter, R., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 113, 36 (1992), Hood, A., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 49, 263 (1999),

Applications (17β)-9-Hydroperoxyestradiol is an intermediate in the synthesis of [1S-(1α,3aβ,4β,7aα)]-4-[2-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]octahydro-1-hydroxy-7a-methyl-5H-inden-5-one (D458310), an estradiol impurity.

Applications An impurity of Docetaxel (D494420).
References Zamir, L., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5173 (1992), Gueritte-Voegelein, F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 992 (1993), Volk, K., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 696, 99 (1997),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications α-​(4-​Chlorophenyl)​-​α-​(1-​cyclopropylethyl)​-1H-​1,​2,​4-​triazole-​1-​ethanol is a diastereomer of Cyproconazole (C989070), a fungicide treatment for wood preservative that prevents decay from fungi in above-ground applications.
References Aiello, D., et al.: Plant. Disease., 97, 37 (2013); Bakirci, G.T., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 1901 (2012); Sugitate, K., et al.: J. Pesticides. Sci., 37, 148 (2012);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Antibacterial.
References Iwahi, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 36, 1358 (1992), Miyake, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 45, 709 (1992),

Applications Labelled Eflornithine. Irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in polyamine biosynthesis. Antineoplastic; antipneumocystic; antiprotozoal (Trypanosoma). Used in the treatment of hirsutism.
References Bacchi, C.J., et al.: Science, 210, 332 (1980), Haegele, K.D., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 30, 210 (1981), Meyskens, F.L., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 5, 945 (1999),

Applications 11-Desmethyl Rifaximin is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)acetic Acid is a synthetic auxin, or a class of plant growth regulators.
References Savaldi-Goldstein, S. et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Uni. Am., 105, 15190 (2008); Mahajan, D. et al.: J. App. Chem., 2, 765 (2013);

Applications 5α-Dihydrocortisol 21-Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl is an intermediate in the synthesis of Allo-3α-tetrahydro Cortisol 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt-d7 (A548512), which is a metabolite of Cortisol (H714615) in human plasma.
References Ikegawa, S. et al.: Anal. Chem., 81, 10124 (2009); Kornel, L. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 13, 751 (1980); Kornel, L. et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 6, 1267 (1975);

Applications Midazolam-13C2 is the labeled analogue of Midazolam (M343000), an anesthetic; anticonvulsant; sedative; hypnotic.
References Dundee, J. W., et al.: Drugs, 28, 519 (1984); Lahat, E., et al.: Br. Med. J., 321, 83 (2000)

Applications Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is the most commonly used nucleic acid stain for PAGE or agarose gel electrophoresis. The fluorescence of EtBr increases 21-fold upon binding to double-stranded RNA and 25-fold on binding double-stranded DNA so that destaining the background is not necessary with a low stain concentration (10 μg/ml). Ethidium bromide has been used in a number of fluorimetric assays for nucleic acids. It has been shown to bind to single-stranded DNA (although not as strongly) and triple-stranded DNA. Because of its ability to bind to DNA, EtBr is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase. Antiprotozoal (Trypanosoma). Dyes and metabolites.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Waring, M.J., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 13, 269 (1965), Probst, G.S., et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 3, 11 (1981),

Applications Protected Moxifloxacin metabolite.

Applications H1 Histamine receptor antagonist. Antihistaminic.
References Weidmann, et al.: Boll. Chim. Farm., 106, 467 (1967), Gober, B., et al.: Pharmazie, 43, 539 (1988), Breccia, A., et al.: Curr. Ther. Res., 49, 622 (1991), Schran, H., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 36, 911 (1996),

Applications 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid 3-O-Sulfate is a possible metabolite of alkylresorcinol in humans.

Applications A labelled metabolite of Estradiol (E888000).
References Zhu, B., et al.: Steroids, 70, 225 (2005); Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997);

Applications N,N'-(Ethane-d4-1,2-diyl)bis(2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)acetamide) is the labeled analogue of N,N'-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)acetamide) (E890330), an impurity of Lopinavir (L469480), a selective HIV protease inhibitor. An analogue of Ritonavir. Antiviral.
References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998); Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999); Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)

Stability Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive
Applications Phorate Sulfoxide is a metabolite of Phorate (85%, P353500) which is a non-biocumulative organophosphate used as an insecticide and acaricide. Phorate is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Pandey, G.C. et al.: Ind. J. Comp. Anim. Physiol., 6, 1 (1988); Henderson, M.C. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 959 (2004); Peter, J.V. et al.: NeuroToxicology, 29, 335 (2008);

Applications SN-38 4-Deoxy-glucuronide is a byproduct formed during the preparation of SN-38 Glucuronide.

Applications Octanoic Acid-13C4 is an isotopic analog of Octanoic Acid (O237880), which is found naturally in the milk of various mammals. Its esters can be used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. It is also an antimicrobial pesticide used as a food contact surface sanitizer. Caprylic acid is also used in the treatment of some bacterial infections.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Lide, D. R., et al.: CRC Handbook chem. Phys., 70th Ed. (1990); Beare-Rogers, J., et al.: Pue Appl. Chem., 73 (4), 685 (2001);

Applications p-Chloroaniline-d4 Deuterium Chloride is an intermediate in synthesizing N1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-N14-2-chlorophenyl-2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide-d4 (C377537), an isotope labelled analog of N1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-N14-2-chlorophenyl-2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide. N1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-N14-2-chlorophenyl-2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide is an impurity of Chlorhexidine Digluconate (C292770). Chlorhexidine gluconate is an antimicrobial irrigant that is used as an antiseptic for the skin in the healthcare industry. It is used in hospitals to prevent infection of patients during surgeries and can also be found in mouth rinses.
References Addy, M. & Wright, R.: J. Clin. Periodont., 5, 198 (1978); Kuruvilla, J. & Kamath, M.: J. Endododont., 24, 472 (1998); Maki, D., et al.: Lancet, 338, 339 (1991); Popovich, K., et al.: Inf. Cont. Hosp. Epidem., 30, 959 (2009); Rosenberg, A., et al.: Surg. Gyn. Obst., 143, 789 (1976)

Applications Trimethoprim-13C3 (T795616) derivative. Antibacterial properties.

Applications The Δ2-isomer of Cefotean (C242970). It is useful as intermediate in the preparation of cephalesorin compounds.
References Sugioka, T., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 38, 1998 (1990),

Applications Terbufos-d10 (O,O-diethyl-d10) (CAS# 1276197-42-2) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications Labelled analogue of Fenthion Sulfoxide, the sulfoxide anlogue and metabolite of the organothiophosphate insecticide Fenthion (F278000).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Wallnoefer, P. et al.: Pflanzensch.-Nach., 29, 236 (1976); Minelli, E.V. et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 44, 936 (1996);

Applications 5-Oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4,4-diacetic Acid is used as a reagent to synthesize vibrioferrin, a siderophore. It can also be used as a building block of lipophilic isosteres of nucleoside triphosphates which are potential inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase.
References Takeuchi, Y., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 47, 459 (1999); Weaver, R., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 6, 2405 (1996)

Applications 2,2'-Dinaphthyl Ether and ethers exhibit antifungal activity against A. niger, A. flavus, A. alternata and F. oxysporum.
References Pawar, N., et al.: Asian J. Biochem. Pharm. Res., 2, 157 (2012)

Applications Chloramphenicol 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is the major glucuronide metabolite of Chloramphenicol (C325030).
References Simons, P., et al.: Xenobiotica, 22, 1267 (1992); Kaji, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 60 (2005)

Applications Isotope labelled (2R)-3-Carboxy-2-[(9-carboxy-1-oxononyl)oxy]-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium Inner Salt is a useful intermediate that is often used in the metabolic studies of insulin production in humans.
References Shah, S.H.; et al.: Diabetologia, 55, 321 (2012)

Applications Validamycin A is an antibiotic fungicide that inhibits trehalase activity in plants, insects, and fungi.

Applications 17β-Estradiol 2-Acetate is an intermediate in synthesizing Estradiol Valerate Impurity I (E888865), a derivative of Estradiol (E888000) and Estradiol 17-Valerate (E888860) which is an estrogen.
References Salole, E.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 283 (1986); Lievertz, R.W., et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 156, 1289 (1987)

Applications A metabolite of Phenobarbital (P316760).
References Soine, W.H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 12, 792 (1984), Soine, W.H., et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 80, 99 (1991),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A labelled related drug of Clenbuterol (C569998), a β-agonist which can be used as a growth promoter in farm animals.
References Mosbach, K., et al.: Biotechnology, 14, 163 (1996), Rashid, B., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 21, 635 (1999), Brambilla, G., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 114, 47 (2000),

Applications 17α-Cyanomethyl-19-nortestosterone is a metabolite of Norethindrone (N676000), an progesteron used in combination with estrogen as contraceptive.
References Oettel, M., et al.: Pharmazie., 48, 541 (1993); Wong, T.C., et al.: J. Chem. Soc., Perk. Trans., 5, 765 (1988); Schubert, K., et al.: Org. Chem., 20, 143 (1985);

Applications Methyl (2E)-[2-(chloromethyl)phenyl)](methoxyimino)acetate is an impurity from the pesticide active ingredient, Trifloxystrobin, a broad-spectrum foliar fungicide used in plant pritection.
References Margot, P. et al.: Bright. Crop Prot. Conf. Pest Dis., 2, 375 (1998); Karadimos, D.A. et al.: Crop Prot., 24, 23 (2005); Prom, L.K. et al.: Plant Dis., 87, 252 (2003);

Applications Atraton is a toxic herbicide and an environmental contaminants.
References Lu, Y. C., et al.: Chemosphere, 165, 487 (2015); Dong, X., et al.: Soil Sediment Contam., 24,573 (2015); Gonzalez-Cadena, J., et al.: Sustainable Environment Research, 23, 253 (2013)

Stability Air Sensitive, Light Sensitive
Applications Isotope labelled Phenserine is inhibitor of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Used in Alzheimer’s treatments.
References Nordberg, A. et al.: J. Alz. DIsease., 47, 691 (2015); Reale, M. et al.: Curr. Alzheimer. Treatments., 11, 608 (2014);

Applications Eslicarbazepine acetate-D3 is a labelled analogue of Eslicarbazepine acetate (E659000), a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker and antiepileptic that is used to treat patients with epilepsy.
References Almeida, L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 64, 267 (2008); Gil-Nagel, A., et al.: Acta Neurol. Scand., 120, 281 (2009); McCormack, P. & Robinson, D.: CNS Drugs, 23, 71 (2009)

Applications 4,5-Dimethyl-N-2-propen-1-yl-3-thiophenecarboxamide is a derivative of Silthiofam (S465070(M)), which is a fungicide.
References Asrar, J., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2003), WO 2003026421 A1

Applications Fenbutatin Oxide is an organotin pesticide. Fenbutatin Oxide is widely used as an aracacide in the control of mites, in particular spider mites.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Ishaaya, I. et al.: Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 6, 270 (1976); Inglesfield, C.: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 38, 813 (1987); Riedl, H. et al.: Exp. Appl. Acarol., 11, 149 (1991);

Applications Cyprofuram
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package