Toxicologie

<p>Applications A metabolite of Dipyridamole.<br>References Zak, S.B., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 141, 392 (1963),<br></p>

<p>Applications Itraconazole Desethylene-seco-piperazine Mono-N-formyl Impurity of Itraconazole (I937500). Itraconazole is an orally active antimycotic structurally related to Ketoconazole. Antifungal. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 5 (1984), Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989), Sugar, A.M.,et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications An active insecticidal constituent of pyrethrum flowers. Oxidizes rapidly and becomes inactive in presence of air.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Okey, A., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 45, 241 (1990), Barter, R., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 113, 36 (1992), Hood, A., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 49, 263 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications α-​(4-​Chlorophenyl)​-​α-​(1-​cyclopropylethyl)​-1H-​1,​2,​4-​triazole-​1-​ethanol is a diastereomer of Cyproconazole (C989070), a fungicide treatment for wood preservative that prevents decay from fungi in above-ground applications.<br>References Aiello, D., et al.: Plant. Disease., 97, 37 (2013); Bakirci, G.T., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 1901 (2012); Sugitate, K., et al.: J. Pesticides. Sci., 37, 148 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Antibacterial.<br>References Iwahi, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 36, 1358 (1992), Miyake, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 45, 709 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Eflornithine. Irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in polyamine biosynthesis. Antineoplastic; antipneumocystic; antiprotozoal (Trypanosoma). Used in the treatment of hirsutism.<br>References Bacchi, C.J., et al.: Science, 210, 332 (1980), Haegele, K.D., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 30, 210 (1981), Meyskens, F.L., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 5, 945 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Deschloro-2-phenylthio-thiamethoxam is an impurity of thiamethoxam (T344180), which is a neonicotinoid insecticide. Reports show that when exposed to neonicotinid pesticides honeybees have probelms returnign home after foraging and bumblebee colonies grow poorly and produce fewer queens.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Oliver, J., et al.: J. Environ. Horticult., 28, 135 (2010), Ghosh, A., et al.: J. Entomol. Res., 34, 35 (2010), Chem. and Eng. News 90: 10 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-Telaprevir-d4 is the labeled analog of (R)-Telaprevir, an enantiomer of Telaprevir (T015650). Telaprevir is an known inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS3-4A protease. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Francois, J., et al.: J. Medn. Chem., 52. 7993 (2009); Kieffer, T., et al.: Hepatology, 46, 631 (2007), Zhou, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 52, 110 (2008), Hezode, C., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 360, 1839 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(1-(Ethylsulfonyl)-3-(4-(7-(hydroxymethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)azetidin-3-yl)acetonitrile is an impurity of Baricitinib (B118690), which is a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor and has been studied as a promising treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.<br>References Rodgers, J., et. al.: PCT Int. Appl. 185 pp.Patent (2009), WO 2009114512 A1 20090917;Dasari, S., et. al.: Russ. J. Org., 55, 1569 (2019);<br></p>

<p>Applications Rapamycin (R124000(P)) derivative. Rapamycin a triene macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Name derived from the native word for Easter Island, Rapa’Nui. Used as an immunosuppressant; antirestenotic. Sirolimus (INN/USAN), also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants. It has shown its efficacy against neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.<br>References Martel, P.R., et al.: Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 55, 48 (1977), Carlson, R.P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 266, 1125 (1993), Kahan, B.D., et al.: Lancet, 356, 194 (2000), Holmes, D.R., et al.: Circulation, 109, 634 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Laninamir (L174000) is a new potent neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, shows long-acting anti-influenza virus activity.<br>References Bantia, S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 42, 801 (1998), Honda, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 1925 (2002), Kiso, M., et al.: Lancet, 364, 759 (2004), Macdonald, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 2964 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lopinavir D-Valine Diastereomer-d9 is the isotope labelled analog of Lopinavir D-Valine Diastereomer. Lopinavir D-Valine Diastereomer is a metabolite of Lopinavir (L469480); a selective HIV protease inhibitor and antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998); Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999); Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Linolenoyl Ethanolamide-d4 is the labeled analogue of alpha-Linolenoyl Ethanolamide (L467718), which is an endocannabinoid containing a-linolenic acid.<br>References Hanus, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 3032-3034 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone is used in the formation of spirophosphoranes containing acyclic 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-diazaphosphol-4-yl substituent.<br>References Mironov, V. F., et al.: Russ. J. Electrochem., 88, 430-438 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications A reactant used in the preparation of Liraglutide, a GLP-1R agonist.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-O-(E)-Feruloylquinic Acid is a phenolic acid with potential antioxidant and antifungal activities. Secondary metabolite in the coffee brewing process.<br>References Matei, M. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12105 (2012); Dokli, I. et al.: Tetrahedron Asymm., 24, 785 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Mycophenolic Acid Carboxybutoxy Ether Dimethyl Ester is a metabolite of Mycophenolic Acid (M831500).<br>References Wieland, E., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 33, 107 (2000), Shipkova, M., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 25, 1 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Asomate is an organoarsenic fungicide used for various agricultural goods. Research has shown that arsenic pollution manifested permanently and extensively when asomate was used continuously in apple orchard.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zhao, Z.Y., et al.: Xuanyi. Xueboa., 34, 117 (2007); Kim, N., et al.: Food. Sci. Biotechnol., 14, 554 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Chloro-5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzoic Acid Methyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Albaconazole (H761395), an antifungal agent as neuroprotectant.<br></p>

<p>Applications Fenarimol is a pyrimidine based fungicide which acts against rusts, blackspot and mildew fungi and it works by inhibiting the fungus’s biosynthesis of important steroid molecules.<br>References Zeiman, E., et al.: J. Parasitol., 94, 280 (2008); Lozano, A., et al.: J. Chromatograph. A., 1268, 109 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled cis-Tranexamic Acid (T714500). Antifibrinolytic agent; blocks lysine binding sites of plasminogen. Hemostatic.<br>References Andersson, et al.: Scand. J. Haematol. 2, 230 (1965), Melander, B., et al.: Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 22, 340 (1965), Bonnar, J., et al.: Br. Med. J., 313, 579 (1996), Dunn, C.J., et al.: Drugs, 57, 1005 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Fluorescent labeling reagent for proteins. Used in the fluorescent antibody technique for rapid identification of pathogens. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Riggs, H.J.L., et al.: Amer. J. Pathol., 34, 1081 (1958), Mann, K.G. and Fish, W.W., Methods in Enz., 26, 28 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications (1R)-trans-γ-Cyhalothrin is an isomer of λ-Cyhalothrin (C988980), which is used as an insecticide.<br>References Bhavani, B., et al.: Pestol., 33, 42 (2009), Patial, A., et al.: Env. Ecol., 27, 320 (2009), Schleier, J., et al.: J. Med. Entomol., 46, 693 (2009), Yang, D., et al.: Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 237, 49 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Sulfobenzaldehyde Sodium Salt, can be used for the preparation of a series of novel sulfonamide derivatives, as inhibitors of the enzyme histone deacetylase (HDAC) as a novel approach to the treatment of cancer.<br>References Finn, P., et al.: Helvetica Chimica Acta, 88 (7), 1630 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-6-Amino-2-hexenoic Acid is used in the preparation of anti-collagenase active agent.<br></p>

<p>Applications Metazosulfuron is a herbicide used in paddy fields to control annual and perennial weeds.<br>References Lee, I., et. al.: The Korean Soc. Weed Sci., 31, 308 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Oleoyl Taurine which belongs to the class of N-Acyl Taurines were detected in beta cells of Langerhans islets causing insulin secretion results beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes<br>References Aichler, M., et al.: Cell Metab., 25, 1334-1347 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Isopropyl-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline is a dinitro herbicides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chen, Y., et al.: Green Chemistry, 15, 91 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications (2R,4S)-Itraconazole is an enantiomer of Itraconazole (I937500), an orally active antimycotic structurally related to Ketoconazole. Antifungal. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 5 (1984), Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989), Sugar, A.M.,et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications ent-Lamivudine (Lamivudine EP Impurity D) is an enantiomer of Lamivudine (L172500); an antiviral that inhibits HIV-reverse transcriptase.<br>References Pepe, G. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 31, 775 (1996); Marr, E. et al.: Antiviral Res., 28, 1 (1995); Parikh, U.M. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49, 1139 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity L<br>Applications Clarithromycin (9Z)-Oxime (Clarithromycin EP Impurity L) is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750); a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic and derivative of Erythromycin (E650000).<br>References Esteban, J., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 45, 5563 (2004); Morgan, D., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 502, 351 (1990); Benson, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 6, 173 (1987); Boyanova, L., et al.: J. Med. Microb., 61, 85 (2012); Lin, Z., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 126, 114 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis(tributyltin) Oxide is an organotin compound used as a fungicide and molluscicide, particularly in wood preservation. Bis(tributyltin) Oxide was used as an active component in marine antifouling paints but is not longer used due to its toxicity and is considered a severe marine pollutant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Laughlin, R.B.J. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 20, 884 (1988); Polster, M. et al.: Ces.-Slov. Hyg., 15, 243 (1970);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl 3-Mercaptopropanoate is a useful synthetic intermediate. It can be used to prepare acylaminobutyldecahydroisoquinolines with HIV protease-inhibiting activities. It can also be used to prepare new anti-MRSA cephalosporins (cephalosporins C zinc salt, C258750).<br>References Ghosh, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 37, 1177 (1994); Cho, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 11, 137 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5-Dichloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile is a metabolite of the fungicide 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (TPN) in soil.<br>References Sato, K., et al.: Biol. Fert. Soils, 3, 205 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Bromo-2-nitrophenol is a halonitrophenol with antifungal activity.<br>References Gershon, H., et al.: Monatshefte fuer Chemie, 126, 1161 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light and Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Δ2-Cefadroxil is a derivative of Cefadroxil (C235750), a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Buck, R.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 11, 324 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,3-Dimethylbenzoquinone is a reagent in the preparation of hydroxycinnolines which has antifungal activity.<br>References Ryu, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 1850 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Mercaptobenzonitrile is a building block used as a reactant in the synthesis and in vitro anti-hepatitis B virus activities of some ethyl 6-bromo-5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylates.<br>References Chai, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 911 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications A glucuronide of monohydroxylated Warfarin metabolite, 7-Hydroxy Warfarin (H996130).<br>References Zielinska, A., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 324, 139 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Stereoisomer to Darunavir (D193500), a second generation HIV-1-protease inhibitor; structurally similar to amprenavir. Antiviral. This is a labeled analog. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Koh, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 3123 (2003), Arasteh, K., et al.: AIDS, 19, 943 (2005), Surleraux, D.L.N.G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1813 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Mometasone Furoate EP Impurity H<br>Applications 21-Hydroxy Deschloromometasone Furoate (Mometasone EP Impurity H) is an impurity of Mometasone Furoate (M490000), a topical corticosteroid used as an anti-inflammatory.<br>References Shapiro, E.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 30, 1581 (1987); Graft, D., et al.: J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 98, 724 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications (2S,4S)-Itraconazole is an enantiomer of Itraconazole (I937500), an orally active antimycotic structurally related to Ketoconazole. Antifungal. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 5 (1984), Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989), Sugar, A.M.,et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Emtricitabine N,N’-Methylene Dimer is a derivative compound of Emtricitabine (E525000), a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is effective antiviral agent against HIV, and other viruses replicating in a similiar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Efavirenz 1-Desamine-1-oxy is an analog of Efavirenz (E425000), a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral.<br>References Young, S.D., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 39, 2602 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications Oxacillin Penillic Acid Disodium Salt, is a derivative (impurity) of Oxacillin which is used as an antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971)<br></p>

<p>Applications A degradation product of labelled Cefuroxime, and an intermediate for the synthesis of labelled Cephalosporin antibiotics<br>References Nomura, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 17, 12 (1974), Takaya, T., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 34, 1300 (1981), Wang, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 83, 577 (1994), Okamoto, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 985 (1996),<br></p>