Toxicologie

Applications N-(4-Methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-N-methylurea is a photolysis product of herbicide Tribenuron-methyl (T767555) on glass, soil, and plant surfaces.
References Bhattacharjee, A., Dureja, P.: J. Environ. Sci. Health B, B37, 131 (2002); Marzouk, E., et al.: J. Appl. Sci. Res., 9, 4907 (2013);

Applications 3’-Dechloro-4’-chloro Bupropion is an impurity of Bupropion (B689625), a arylaminoketone based monoamine reuptake inhibitor.
References Soroko, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 29, 769 (1977); Tucker, W.E., J. Clin. Psychiatry, 44, 60 (1983); Hsyu, P-H., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 37, 737 (1997); West, R., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 4, 533 (2003);

Applications A deuterated 4-chloro Bupropion (B689625) analogue used in the preparation of compounds for indirect dopamine agonist pharmacotherapy for treating cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, and other drugs of abuse addiction.
References Carroll, F.I. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 6768 (2009);

Applications Simetyrn is an methylthiotriazine based herbicide used in rice paddy.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Inoue, T. et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem., 59, 3857 (2011); Wang, S., et al.: Environ, Sci. Technol., 47, 4768 (2013);

Applications Desamino Chloro Carbamazepine-d2 is an intermediate in the synthesis of Carbamazepine-d2,15N (C175841), the labeled analogue of Carbamazepine (C175840), used in treatment of pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia. Anticonvulsant.
References Stenger, E.G., et al.: Med. Exp., 11, 191 (1964), Pynnonen, S., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 1, 409 (1979), Sidebottom, A., et al.: J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 20, 31 (1995)

Applications 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenol is used as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen by Cupriavidus strain a3.
References Tiwari, J., et al.: Bioresour. Technol., 223, 184-191 (2017)

Applications (1S,αS)-trans-Cypermethrin is an impurity in the synthesis of θ-Cypermethrin which a synthetic pyrethroid used as an insecticide in large-scale commercial agricultural applications as well as in consumer products for domestic purposes. It behaves as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. Cypermethrin can exhibit a toxic effect on the reproductive system.
References Hu, J., et al.: J. Appl. Toxicol., 33, 576 (2011); Singh, A., et al.: Neurobiol. Aging., 33, 404 (2012); Amer, S., et al.: J. Mut. Res., 155, 135 (1985)

Applications Triasulfuron
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Applications Testosterone 17-Hexahydrobenzoate-d11 is the isotope analog of Testosterone 17-Hexahydrobenzoate. Testosterone 17-Hexahydrobenzoate is a metabolite of testosterone (T155000), which is used in biological studies to determine the hemolytic and lipophilic activity of this anabolic steroid.
References Biagi, G.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 944 (1970); Biagi, G. L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 873 (1975)

Applications Picloram is used as a herbicide. Studies show that Picloram can reduce seed germination rate and vigor as well as seedling growth in Bidens pilosa L.
References Freitas, M.R., et al.: RSC Adv., 5, 7547 (2015); Tian, X., et al.: Nongyao, 53, 485 (2014)

Applications p-Chloro-N,N-diethylaniline-d10 is derived from 4-Chlorophenylamine (C421894), which is an organic chemical reagent and precursor in the synthesis of various drugs and dyestuffs. It is a building block and degradation product of Chlorhexidine (C335045), an antiseptic as well as azo dyes and pigments in printing and textiles.
References Leucea, D. et al.: Ind. Text., 61, 304 (2010); Below, H. et al.: Microchim. Acta 146, 129 (2004);

Applications 8-Hydroxy Efavirenz is a metabolite of Efavirenz (E425000), a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
References Gorski, J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 47, 1643 (1994), Desta, Z., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 285, 428 (1998), Langmann, P., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Res., 7, 309(2002), Chang, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 31, 7 (2003),

Stability Very Hygroscopic
Applications A sulfometabolite of Moxifloxacin (M745000).
References Dalhoff, A., et al.: Drugs, 58, 239 (1999), Ahmed, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 60, 55 (2008),

Applications Atazanavir-d9 is the deuterated analog of Atazanavir (A790051), a azapeptide HIV protease inhibitor derivative. Atazanavir have been investigated as potential treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and for anticancer purposes.
References Musial, B.L., et al.: Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., 61, 1365 (2004), Wood, R., et al.: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 36, 684 (2004),

Stability Light and Temperature Sensitive
Applications Δ2-Cefadroxil is a derivative of Cefadroxil (C235750), a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.
References Buck, R.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 11, 324 (1977)

Applications Ethyl 3-Mercaptopropanoate is a useful synthetic intermediate. It can be used to prepare acylaminobutyldecahydroisoquinolines with HIV protease-inhibiting activities. It can also be used to prepare new anti-MRSA cephalosporins (cephalosporins C zinc salt, C258750).
References Ghosh, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 37, 1177 (1994); Cho, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 11, 137 (2001)

Applications Lopinavir N2,N5-(2,6-Xylyloxy)acetyl Impurity is an impurity of Lopinavir (L469480), which is a selective HIV protease inhibitor. An analogue of Ritonavir. Antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.
References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998), Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999), Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)

Applications Mycophenolic Acid Carboxybutoxy Ether Dimethyl Ester is a metabolite of Mycophenolic Acid (M831500).
References Wieland, E., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 33, 107 (2000), Shipkova, M., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 25, 1 (2003),

Applications O-Arachidonoyl ethanolamine hydrochloride is a partial agonist at CB1 receptor and a full agonist at CB2 receptor. O-Arachidonoyl ethanolamine hydrochloride can be isolated from constituent of human and rat brain. It can be used to prepare antimicrobial arachidonic acid derivative.
References Kvasenkov, O. I. RU 2171610 C2 20010810 (2001); Sharir, H., et al.: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 7, 856 (2012)

Impurity Cefoperazone EP Impurity E
Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid (Cefoperazone EP Impurity E) is the starting material for semi-synthetic cephalosporins. Obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of cephalosporin C.
References Matsuda, A., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 169, 5815 (1987), Aramori, I., et al.: J. Ferment. Bioeng., 72, 227 (1991), Park, S., et al.: J. Biosci. Bioeng., 94, 218 (2002), Takimoto, A., et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 65, 263 (2004),

Applications 1-Cyclopropyl-8-ethoxy-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid is an impurity in the synthesis of Moxifloxacin (M745000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.
References Woodcock, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 101 (1997), Stass, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 2060 (1998)

Applications N,N-Diethylphenylacetamide, is a multi-insect repellent with a faint pleasant smell.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Rakkiyappan, C., et al.: Int. J. Poly. Mat., 61, 1154 (2012);

Applications An orally active, labelled synthetic nonpeptide renin inhibitor. Antihypertensive.
References Lefevre, G., et al.: J. Immunoassay, 21, 65 (2000), Allikments, K., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 3, 1479 (2002), Wood, J.M., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 308, 698 (2003), Grandman, A.H., et al.: Circulation, 111, 1012 (2005),

Applications 4-(Dimethylamino)butanal Hydrochloride is the HCl salt of D492530, which was one of the reagents in discovery of a novel series of quinolone a6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists.
References McDonald, I., et al.: Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 1684 (2013).

Applications Filipin III is a cholesterol-binding, fluorescing antibiotic. Also, it is a pentaene macrolide produced by Streptomyces filipinensis, widely used for the detection and quantitation of cholesterol in biological membranes and as a tool for the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick type C disease;Polyene antibiotic, most extensively used tool for the specific detection of fluorescently labeled 3-β-hydroxysterols.
References Payero, T. D., et al.: Microb. Cell Fact., 14, 1-14 (2015); Stanislas, T., et al.: Methods Mol. Biol., 1209, 13-29 (2014)

Applications Adrenocortical/mineralocorticoid Steroid.
References Quigley, J., et al.: Clin. Exper. Pharmacol. Physiol., 36, 724 (2009),

Applications Serotonin-13C215N Hydrochloride, is a labelled Serotonin (S274980). Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter.

Applications 6-Methylmercaptopurine Riboside-d3 is the isotope labelled analog of 6-Methylmercaptopurine Riboside (M321035); a thiopurine prodrug used as potential treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
References Haglund, S., et al.: Therap. Drug. Monitor., 33, 200 (2011); Arendt, C.S., et al.: J. BIol. Chem., 285, 6024 (2010); Fotoohi, A.K., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 72, 816 (2006)

Applications (2R,4R)-Itraconazole (Mixture of Diastereomers) is an enantiomer of Itraconazole (I937500), an orally active antimycotic structurally related to Ketoconazole. Antifungal. It is a COVID19-related research product.
References Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 5 (1984), Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989), Sugar, A.M.,et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993),

Applications Isotope labelled Deschloro Ticlopidine is an impurity of Ticlopidine (T438325), an antithrombotic. A platelet aggregation inhibitor.
References Leblonde, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 27, 2099 (1978), O’Brien, J.R., et al: Thromb. Res., 13, 245 (1978), Katsumura, T., et al.: Angiology, 33, 357 (1982),

Applications 5,7-Dichloro-4-hydroxyquinoline is an intermediate in synthesizing Quinoxyfen-d4 (Q765502), an isotope labelled Quinoxyfen acts as an agricultural fungicide.
References Corrales, M., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 48, 3471 (2010); Lagunas-Allue, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 1509 (2010); Wong, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 5897 (2010)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Indoxyl-β-D-glucoside is a constitute of Isatis indigotica Chinese medicinal herb widely used for the treatment of influenza, viral pneumonia, mumps, pharyngitis, and hepatitis. It is also used in many Chinese medicinal feeds with the effect of reducing stress reaction of livestock and fowls and enhancing immunity.
References Zou, P., et al.: Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 21, 1239 (2007); Hou, Y., et al.: Toxicon, 52, 440 (2008); Liu, M., et al.: From Faming Zhuanli Shenqing (2008), CN 101243831 A 20080820;