Toxicologie

Applications A pigment that forms during the visual cycle in vertebrates leading to harmful byproducts of this biosynthetic pathway.
References Anderson, R., et al.: Biochem., 9, 3624 (1970), Liu, J., et al.: J. Biol Chem., 38, 29354 (2000)

Applications Dehydronaproxen is an analog of Naproxen (N377520), an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory.
References Harrison, I.T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 203 (1970);

Applications 8-Hydroxybentazone, is a metabolite of Bentazon, a selective post-emergence herbicide.
References Kim, J., et al.: ACS Symp. Series, 899, 92 (2005); Roper, J., et al.: Wat. Res., 29, 2720 (1995);

Applications A metabolite of Midazolam (M343000).

Applications 17α-Vinyltestosterone Acryl Ester is an intermediate in synthesizing 20,21-Dehydro Spironolactone (D229405), which is an impurity of Spironolactone (S683000), a synthetic 17-lactone steroid which is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called potassium-sparing diuretics, used primarily to treat ascites in patients with liver disease, low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and Conn’s syndrome.
References Sutter, J.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 431 (1975);

Applications Norapomorphine Glucuronidate is a metabolite of Amomorphine (A727500). Amomorphine is a dopamine (D1 and D2) receptor agonist. Emetic. Antiparkinsonian.
References Neumeyer, J.L., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 1850 (1970), Ginos, J.Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 1194 (1975), Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 20, 121 (1991),

Applications (3S,5S)-Dihydroxy Simvastatin is a derivtive of Simvastatin (S485000). Simvastatin is a synthetic derivative of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. A competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. A synthetic analog of Lovastatin. Antilipemic. Simvastatin, the drug, is sold under the trade name Zocor.
References Hoffman, W.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 849 (1986), Mol, M.J., et al.: Lancet, 2, 936 (1986)

Applications Molinate is a herbicide that is used to control broad-leaved and grassy plants in rice and other crops (1,2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References 1. Nacher-Mestre, J. et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem. 2014 Mar 12;62(10):2165-742. Sugrue, E. et al.: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2015 Apr;81(7):2612-24.

Applications Penicillin DF Potassium Salt, is used to characterize phenylacetate-CoA ligase from Penicillium chrysogenum.
References Koetsier, M., et al.: Biochem. J., 417, 467 (2009);

Applications Heterocyclic inhibitor of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme transcribed by the Hepatitis C virus.
References Dhanak, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 38322 (2002), Liu, Y., et al.: Biochem., 45, 11312 (2006), Tedesco, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 971 (2006),

Applications Methyl 3-(Hydroxymethyl)benzoate is used in the synthetic preparation of N-acylhydrazone derivatives as lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors.
References Rupiani, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 101, 70 (2015)

Applications Avibactam Butylammonium Salt is a novel β-lactamase inhibitor with a non-lactam structural scaffold. Avibactam irreversibly inhibits lactamase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
References Iland, C., et al.: J. Pathol. Bacteriol., 58, 495 (1946); Flores, A., et al.: Microbiology, 151, 521 (2005); Livermore, D., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 62, 1053 (2008); Tremblay, L., et al.: Biochemistry, 49, 9685 (2010)

Applications 3,4-Dihydroquinoline-2-one 6-Oxoacetic Acid is a derivative of 3,4-Dihydro-2-quinolone (D450600), which is used to prepare potent bicyclic peptide deformylase inhibitors with antibacterial effects. It is also used to synthetisze substituted iminopiperidines as inhibitors of human nitric oxide synthase isoforms.
References Molteni, V., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. lett., 14, 1477 (2004); Webber, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 96 (1998)

Applications N-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine 3’-Benzoate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Gemcitabine (G305000) metabolites.
References Baraniak, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 22, 2133 (2014); Labrioli, M.A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 22, 2303 (2014);

Applications A novel metabolite of Phenazopyridine (P313751).
References Bailey, K., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 11, 277 (1983), Thomas, B. H., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 79, 321 (1990), Thomas, B.H., et al.: Xenobiotica, 23, 99 (1993),

Applications Precursor to the fungicide, Posaconazole.
References Heeres, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem. 27, 894 (1984), Wood, P., et al.: Drug Discov. Develop., 1, 34 (1998),

Applications Intermediate for the preparation of Naratriptan and other indole sulfonamide derivatives.

Applications 1-(3-Chloro-2-methylpropyl)-4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)benzene is a useful synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of Amorolfine Hydrochloride (A634170); a morpholine antifungal drug and topical solution for the treatment of toenail infections. 1-(3-Chloro-2-methylpropyl)-4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)benzene is also used in the preparation of Fenpropidin (F249470); a fungicide.
References Rotta, I., et al.: JAMA Dermatol., 149, 341 (2013); Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 26, 5 (1984); Broger, E.A., et al.: Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 492401 A1 19920701. Jul 1, 1992; Leroux, P. Walker, A.: Eur. J. Plant Path., 135, 683 (2013); Zhao, H., et. al.: Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 77, 52 (2012)

Applications Nafcillin Penilloic Acid Ester is derived from Sodium Nafcillin Monohydrate (S645800), which is used as an antibiotic, and for the treatment of gram-positive bacteria.
References Taboada, P. et al.: Langmuir. 16, 3175 (2000)

Applications A reactant used in the preparation of non-nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and mesoionic xanthine analogs.
References Freeman, G. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 5923 (2004); Glennon, R. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 24, 658 (1981)

Applications (S)-Benzylphenobarbital is a derivative of Phenobarbital (P316760), which is an Anticonvulsant; sedative; hypnotic.
References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Chao, M.K.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 359 (1978),

Applications 4-Nitrophenyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-galactopyranoside 3-Benzoate is used in the synthesis of the o- and p-nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside.
References Petitou, M., et al.: Carbohydrate Res., 42, 180 (1975),

Applications ((((R)-1-(6-((((5-Fluoro-1-((2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl)oxy)methyl)phosphonic acid is impurity of Emtricitabine (E525000), a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).
References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)

Impurity Nevirapine EP Impurity D
Applications Nevirapine Dimer (Nevirapine EP Impurity D) is a dimeric impurity of the antiviral Nevirapine (N391275).

Applications (2E)-3-(2-Thiazolyl)-2-propenoic Acid is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is used as an intermediate for HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
References Baloglu, E., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2014), WO 2014085607 A1 20140605

Applications 6-Methyl-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane is a useful research chemical.

Applications Eicosapentaenoyl Ethanolamide inhibits dietary-restriction-induced lifespan extension in wild type and TOR pathway mutant nematodes.
References Lucanic, M., et al.: Nature, 473, 226 (2011)

Applications 4-Acetylbenzenesulfonamide is a useful synthetic intermediate, and is also part of a group of sulfonamide derivatives that have potential to be carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
References Carotti, A., et al.: Quant. Struct.-Act. Rel., 8, 1 (1989); Singh, P., et al.: Org. Chem.: An Indian Journal, 4, 540 (2008)

Impurity Entecavir EP Impurity C
Applications 8-Hydroxy Entecavir is an impurity of Entecavir (E558900), an oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection.

Applications Denatonium Benzoate Hydrate is a stimulant of the bitter taste receptors which allows for maintenance of the airways. Bronchodilator.
References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998); Desphamde, D. et al.: Nat Med., 16, 1299 (2010); Meyerhof, W. et al.: Chem. Senses., 35, 157 (2010);

Applications N-4-(2,2,2-Trifluoroacetamido) Emtricitabine O-2,2,2-Trifluoroacetic Anhydride is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Emtricitabine Triphosphate Triethylammonium Salt (E525075), which is a metabolite of (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000).
References Barditch-Crovo, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 2733 (2001); Ray, A., et al.: Antivir .Ther., 10, 451 (2005); Borroto-Esoda, K., et al.: Antivir. Ther., 11, 377 (2006)