Toxicologie

Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity E
Applications 6,11-Di-O-methyl Erythromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity E) is a Di-O-alkyl Erythromycin (E649950) is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750). Clarithromycin impurity E per British Pharmacopoeia.
References Morimoto, S. et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 286 (1990); Kohno, Y. et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 26, 503 (1990);

Applications Chloramphenicol 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is the major glucuronide metabolite of Chloramphenicol (C325030).
References Simons, P., et al.: Xenobiotica, 22, 1267 (1992); Kaji, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 60 (2005)

Applications (R)-Benzylphenobarbital is a derivative of Phenobarbital (P316760), which is an Anticonvulsant; sedative; hypnotic.
References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Chao, M.K.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 359 (1978),

Applications Atraton is a toxic herbicide and an environmental contaminants.
References Lu, Y. C., et al.: Chemosphere, 165, 487 (2015); Dong, X., et al.: Soil Sediment Contam., 24,573 (2015); Gonzalez-Cadena, J., et al.: Sustainable Environment Research, 23, 253 (2013)

Applications U 75875, is a peptidomimetic inhibitor, that inhibits HIV-1 gag-pol protein. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in a continuous cell line, U-75875 completely blocked HIV replication, so it can be used as therapeutic potential of protease inhibitors for treatment of HIV infection.
References Ashorn, P., et al.: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 87, 7472 (1990);

Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity J
Applications (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (Lamivudine EP Impurity J) is an impurity of Lamivudine (L172500). (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is also being further studied to determine its potential as an anti-HIV agent.
References Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993)

Applications Cycloester Erythromycin Enol Ether is derived from Erythromycin A Enol Ether (E649970), which is an impurity of Erythromycin.
References McGuire, J.M., et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 6, 281 (1952), Steffansen, B., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 56, 159 (1989), Goldman, R.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 1973 (1990)