Toxicologie

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Rifabutin Impurity C is an impurity of Rifabutin (R505000), a semisynthetic derivative of Rifamycin S that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis.<br>References O’Brien, R.J., et al.: Infect. Dis., 9, 519 (1987), Anand, R., et al.: Antimicrob. AG. Chemother., 32 (684 (1988), Skinner, M.H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent Chemother., 33, 1237 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications (Z)-rac-Luliconazole is a stereoisomer of Luliconazole (L473770) which is an azole antifungal drug.<br>References Uhida, K., et al.: J. Infect. Chemother., 10, 216 (2004); Niwano, ., et al.: Antimicro. Agents Chemother., 42, 967 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Famotidine. Histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Antiulcerative.<br>References Takeda, M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 32, 734 (1982), Miwa, M., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol., 22, 214 (1984), Takabatke, T., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 28, 327 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tixocortol is an anti-inflammatory agent. Tixocortol is used in fluorescent chemoaffinity labeling.<br>References Torossian, D.R., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 31, 453 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 1-​[1-​(4-​Chlorobenzoyl)​-​5-​hydroxy-​2-​methyl-​1H-​indole-​3-​acetate]β-​D-​Glucopyranuronic Acid is an analog of Indomethacin Acyl-β-D-glucuronide a metabolite of Indomethacin (I641000). Acyl glucuronides have been implicated in the toxicity of many xenobiotics and marketed drugs.<br>References Abid, A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 50, 557 (1995), Gamage, N., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 90, 5 (2006), Cerveny, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 1032 (2007), Hayeshi, R., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 35, 383 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications α-​(4-​Chlorophenyl)​-​α-​(1-​cyclopropylethyl)​-1H-​1,​2,​4-​triazole-​1-​ethanol is a diastereomer of Cyproconazole (C989070), a fungicide treatment for wood preservative that prevents decay from fungi in above-ground applications.<br>References Aiello, D., et al.: Plant. Disease., 97, 37 (2013); Bakirci, G.T., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 1901 (2012); Sugitate, K., et al.: J. Pesticides. Sci., 37, 148 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A new anti-inflammatory drug. Effect of SAS 650 (Furofenac) on malondialdehyde production by platelets.<br>References Bertoli, D., et al.: Int. J. Tissue Reactions, 2, 217 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Antibacterial.<br>References Iwahi, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 36, 1358 (1992), Miyake, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 45, 709 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fulvestrant Impurity E;<br>Applications Fulvestrant (F862500) impurity E.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Eflornithine. Irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in polyamine biosynthesis. Antineoplastic; antipneumocystic; antiprotozoal (Trypanosoma). Used in the treatment of hirsutism.<br>References Bacchi, C.J., et al.: Science, 210, 332 (1980), Haegele, K.D., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 30, 210 (1981), Meyskens, F.L., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 5, 945 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is the most commonly used nucleic acid stain for PAGE or agarose gel electrophoresis. The fluorescence of EtBr increases 21-fold upon binding to double-stranded RNA and 25-fold on binding double-stranded DNA so that destaining the background is not necessary with a low stain concentration (10 μg/ml). Ethidium bromide has been used in a number of fluorimetric assays for nucleic acids. It has been shown to bind to single-stranded DNA (although not as strongly) and triple-stranded DNA. Because of its ability to bind to DNA, EtBr is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase. Antiprotozoal (Trypanosoma). Dyes and metabolites.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Waring, M.J., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 13, 269 (1965), Probst, G.S., et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 3, 11 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications Homotaurine-d6 is the isotope labelled analog of Homotaurine (H656200). Homotaurine is an important GABA mimetic agent. It evokes neurological responses similar to those elicited by g-aminobutyric acid.<br>References Riv. Farmacol. Ter., 7, 155 (1976), Neuropharmacology, 17, 13 (1978), Br. J. Pharmacol., 59 373 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexamidine-d12 Impurity A Hydrochloride is the labeled analogue of Hexamidine Impurity A Hydrochloride is an impurity of Hexamidine (H294205), an amidine compound use in the treatment of amyloid-related diseases; also use as preservative in cosmetics. Antiseptic.<br>References Taylor, P., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 72, 1477 (1983); Granel, F., et al.: Clin. Infect. Diseases, 23, 839 (1996); Bailly, C., et al.: Biochem. J., 323, 23 (1997); Enyedy, I., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 44, 1349 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications b-Phenylethyl Furoate (cas# 7149-32-8) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Cuprous Cyanide-15N is an intermediate in the synthesis of Bictegravir-15N, d2 (B382096), which is the labeled version of Bictegravir, which is a novel, potent inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase with an IC50 of 7.5 nM.<br>References Tsiang M. et al.: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Nov 21;60(12):7086-7097;<br></p>

<p>Applications Rescinnamine is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used as an antihypertensive drug.<br>References Fife, R., et al.: Brit. Med. J., 2, 1848 (1960); Balsevich, J., et al.: Planta Med., 44, 91 (1982)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethanol-13C2 is a labelled analogue of Ethanol, which is used in alcoholic beverages in suitable dilutions and as solvent in laboratory and industry, in the manufacture of denatured alcohol, pharmaceuticals, in perfumery, and in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wiberg, G.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 16, 718 (1970); Brown, N.A., et al.: Science, 206, 573 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Hydroxy Albaconazole-d3, is the labeled analogue of 6-Hydroxy Albaconazole (H761395), a metabolite of Albaconazole (H761395), an antifungal agent as neuroprotectant.<br>References Pujol, I., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39, 163 (1997), Gilgado, F., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 4930 (2005), Raad, I., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 42, 1398 (2006), Nucci, M., et al.: Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 20, 695 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Oxacilloilyl (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid Disodium Salt is a derivative of Oxacillin which is used as an antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971);<br></p>

<p>Applications Fipexide Hydrochloride is one of five potential drug candidates to overcome the melphalan-induced vascular toxicity.<br>References Yang, Y., et al.: Tumour Biol., 37, 6709-6718 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications A methylated analog of Zonisamide (Z700000) with anticonvulsant activity.<br>References Uno, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 22, 180 (1979)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl-2,2,2-d3 Alcohol: Most ethyl alcohols are used in alcoholic beverages in suitable dilutions. Other uses are as solvents in laboratory and industry , in the manufacture of denatured alcohol, pharmaceuticals, in perfumery, in organic synthesis. Used as antiseptic.<br>References Wiberg, G.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 16, 718 (1970), Brown, N.A., et al.: Science, 206, 573 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Deschloro Ticlopidine is an impurity of Ticlopidine (T438325), an antithrombotic. A platelet aggregation inhibitor.<br>References Leblonde, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 27, 2099 (1978), O’Brien, J.R., et al: Thromb. Res., 13, 245 (1978), Katsumura, T., et al.: Angiology, 33, 357 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled impurity of Gatifloxacin.<br>References Naber, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 293 (2001), Herzler, M., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 27, 233(2003), Pragst, F., et al.: Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 42, 1325 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications (2R,4R)-Itraconazole (Mixture of Diastereomers) is an enantiomer of Itraconazole (I937500), an orally active antimycotic structurally related to Ketoconazole. Antifungal. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 5 (1984), Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989), Sugar, A.M.,et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Methylmercaptopurine Riboside-d3 is the isotope labelled analog of 6-Methylmercaptopurine Riboside (M321035); a thiopurine prodrug used as potential treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.<br>References Haglund, S., et al.: Therap. Drug. Monitor., 33, 200 (2011); Arendt, C.S., et al.: J. BIol. Chem., 285, 6024 (2010); Fotoohi, A.K., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 72, 816 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ganciclovir EP Impurity C<br>Applications 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir is an Impurity of Ganciclovir (G235000). 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir is a sugar modified acyclic analogue of guanosine (G837900). Studies have shown 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir has potential to exhibit virucidal activity. Iso mono chloro ganciclovir<br>References Martin, J.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1384 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic Acid-13C4 Ethyl Ester is an isotope labelled derivative in the synthesis of Flucloxacillin (F419200), a new semisynthetic penicillin with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br>References Macsari, I., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 3871 (2011); Cui, Y., et al.: Curr. Sci., 89, 531 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Dimethrin is a pesticide, a pyrethroid insecticide. An acaricide for agricultural purposes.<br>References Ford, M G.: Pestic. Sci., 10, 39 (1979); Gan, W., et al.: Zhonghua Yufang Yixue Zazhi, 35, 13 (2001); Wright, F. C.: Southwestern Entomol., 5, 222 (1980);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(Dimethylamino)butanal Hydrochloride is the HCl salt of D492530, which was one of the reagents in discovery of a novel series of quinolone a6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists.<br>References McDonald, I., et al.: Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 1684 (2013).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Atorvastatin impurity in bulk drug and tablets.<br>References Posvar, E., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 36, 728 (1996), Lea, A., et al.: Drugs, 53, 828 (1997), Miao, X., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 998, 133 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications A cyclopropyldipyridodiazepinone derivative for use as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.<br>References Couture, R., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 429, 161 ( 2001), Kuduk, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 6439 (2004), Feng, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 2385 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol.<br>References Connor, W., et al.: J, Clin. Invest., 48, 1363 (1969), Nestel, P., et al.: Metabolism, 24, 189 (1975), Ellegard, L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 45, 451 (1991), Pedersen, A., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 41, 1901 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefixime EP Impurity F<br>Applications Cefixime Ethyl Ester is an ester impurity of the third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, Cefixime (C242800).<br>References Bian, L. et al.: Yao. Fen. Zaz., 30, 872 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Cyclopropyl-8-ethoxy-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid is an impurity in the synthesis of Moxifloxacin (M745000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Woodcock, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 101 (1997), Stass, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 2060 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Useful as vasodilators, antihypertensives, and spasmolytics.<br></p>

<p>Applications Octahydro-6-(phenylmethyl)-1H-Pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine is an intermediate in the synthesis of moxifoxacin (M745000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Somisetti, N. et al.: Org. Chem. Indian J., 7, 123 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Shows systemic antifungal activity accompanied by high levels of phytotoxicity.<br>References Carter, G.A., et al.: Ann. Appl. Biol., 84, 333 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Applications Prostanozol (P838700) derivative.<br></p>

<p>Applications Lopinavir N2,N5-(2,6-Xylyloxy)acetyl Impurity is an impurity of Lopinavir (L469480), which is a selective HIV protease inhibitor. An analogue of Ritonavir. Antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998), Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999), Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Fenarimol is a pyrimidine based fungicide which acts against rusts, blackspot and mildew fungi and it works by inhibiting the fungus’s biosynthesis of important steroid molecules.<br>References Zeiman, E., et al.: J. Parasitol., 94, 280 (2008); Lozano, A., et al.: J. Chromatograph. A., 1268, 109 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Fluorescent labeling reagent for proteins. Used in the fluorescent antibody technique for rapid identification of pathogens. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Riggs, H.J.L., et al.: Amer. J. Pathol., 34, 1081 (1958), Mann, K.G. and Fish, W.W., Methods in Enz., 26, 28 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications Indomethacin Acyl-β-D-glucopyranuronic Acid Phenyl Ester is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications A glucuronide of monohydroxylated Warfarin metabolite, 7-Hydroxy Warfarin (H996130).<br>References Zielinska, A., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 324, 139 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Stereoisomer to Darunavir (D193500), a second generation HIV-1-protease inhibitor; structurally similar to amprenavir. Antiviral. This is a labeled analog. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Koh, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 3123 (2003), Arasteh, K., et al.: AIDS, 19, 943 (2005), Surleraux, D.L.N.G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1813 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lombazole-d9 is deuterium labelled form of Lombazole (L470205), which is imidazole based antimicrobial agent with some antifungal activity.<br>References Barug, D., De Groot, K.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 28, 643 (1985); Barug, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 238 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Raloxifene 6-Glucuronide Lithium Salt is A metabolite of Raloxifene (R100000), a nonsteroidal estrogen receptor mixed agonist/antagonist.<br>References Dodge, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 993 (1997); Jeong, E., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 785 (2005); Trontelj, J., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 52, 334 (2005); Oswald, S., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 79 206 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications A Nicotine metabolite. Carcinogen.<br></p>

<p>Applications An antitussive. Controlled substance (opium derivative).<br>References Kabayashi, S., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 20, 43 (1970), Yanagita, T., et al.: Bull. Narc., 29, 33 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Applications 10β-Hydroxyl Dextrorphan 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Dextrorphan.<br>References Thurman, E. Michael., et al.: J. Chrom. A., 1259, 158-166 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Malathion-d7 (dimethyl-d6; 3-d1) (CAS# 352438-94-9) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Acetophos is used as an insecticide.<br>References Saito, T., et al.: Bochu Kagaku. 31, 77 (1966)<br></p>

<p>Applications Naftalofos<br></p>

<p>Applications (1S,αS)-trans-Cypermethrin is an impurity in the synthesis of θ-Cypermethrin which a synthetic pyrethroid used as an insecticide in large-scale commercial agricultural applications as well as in consumer products for domestic purposes. It behaves as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. Cypermethrin can exhibit a toxic effect on the reproductive system.<br>References Hu, J., et al.: J. Appl. Toxicol., 33, 576 (2011); Singh, A., et al.: Neurobiol. Aging., 33, 404 (2012); Amer, S., et al.: J. Mut. Res., 155, 135 (1985)<br></p>