Toxicologie

<p>Applications A metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in humans.<br>References Jacob, J., et al.: Xenobiotica, 12, 45 (1982), Becher, G., et al.: Cancer Lett., 17, 301 (1983), Hoffmann, D., et al.: Cancer Treat. Res., 72, 1 (1995), Einolf, H., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10, 609 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bone metabolism modulator; inhibits bone resorption while maintaining bone formation. Antiosteoporotic.<br>References Buehler, J., et al.: Bone, 29, 176 (2001), Henrotin, Y., et al.: J. Bone Miner. Res.,16, 299 (2001), Meunier, P.J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 350, 459 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Dimethyl phosphorothiolate derivatives used as insecticides.<br>References Suzuki, F., et al.: Jpn. Tokkyo Koho (1976), JP 51009007 B<br></p>

<p>Applications Perindopril-d4 is the labeled analogue of Perindopril (P287500), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Antihypertensive.<br>References Lees, K.R., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 23, 159 (1987); Morgan, T., et al.: J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 10, Supp. 7, S116, (1987)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Thiodiphosphoric Acid Tetramethyl Ester is an impurity of Malathion (M111000), a pestanal and used primarily as an insecticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Toia, R.F., et. al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 28, 599 (1980); Josse, R et al.: Chem. Bio., Interact., 209, 76 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium Dichloride is a widely used herbicide that is quick acting and non-selective. 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium Dichloride was found to be linked to the development of Parkinson’s disease.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cao, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405, 2635 (2013); Xie, H., et al.: Immunoptherap., 4, 1809 (2012); Mineau, P., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 34, 416 (2012); Jilani, M., et al.: Adv. Environ. Biol., 6, 2502 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Phoxim is an organophosphate insecticide. It is an analogous dimethyl ester and an organothiophosphate acaricide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lu, Y., et al.: Nature, 487, 362 (2012); Jokanovic, M., et al.: Arch. Toxicol., 70, 119 (1995); Wang, W., et al.: Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 84, 180 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ranitidine-d6 is a labeled histamine H2-receptor antagonist which inhibits gastric acid secretion. Antiulcerative.<br>References Bradshaw, J., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 66, 464 (1979); Berstad, A., et al.: Scand. J. Gastroenterol, 15, 637 (1980); Hohnjec, M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 533 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications cetohydrazide-D3 is a labelled analogue of Acetohydrazide (A163770). Acetohydrazide is a metabolite of Isoniazid (I821450) an antibiotic for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Metushi, I.G., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxciol., 25, 2567 (2012); Fukino, K., et al.: J. Toxicol. Sci., 33, 667 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Orally active acyclic labelled nucleoside with inhibitory activity towards several herpes viruses. Antiviral.<br>References Collins, P., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 5, 431 (1979); Matsumoto, H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36, 1153 (1988); Whitley, R.J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 327, 782 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Ethylhexyl (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate is used in herbicidal compositions.<br>References Zhang, M., et al.: Nongyao, 51, 745 (2012), Praczyk, T., et al.: Weed Science, 60, 189 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Istradefylline is a selective A(2A) antagonist used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dungo, R. et al.: Drugs., 73, 875 (2013); Stoessel, A. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 4580 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (N525775), which is the N-nitroso analogue of diphenylamine that was once used as a rubber additive but is no longer due to undesirable carcinogenic effects (1). N-Nitrosodiphenylamine may have potential carcinogenic activity and is currently classified as a probable carcinogen by EPA with genetic toxicity (2,3).Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Boyland, D. et al.: Eur. J. Cancer. 1968. May;4(2):233-2342. Iversen, O. et al.: Eur. J. Cancer. 1980 May;16(5):695-8.3. McGregor, D. et al.: Mutat. Res. Rev. Gen. Toxicol. 1994 Jun:317(3):195-211<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Clopidogrel, an antithrombotic.<br>References Mills, D.C.B., et al.: Arterioscler. Thromb., 12, 430 (1992), Feuerstein, G., et al.: Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 4, 425 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications Trinexapac-d5, is the labeled analogue of Trinexapac (T886315), a plant growth regulator that studies have shown to have the enzymic activity of histone lysine demethylases and histone modifications during the neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation<br>References Vavilala, D. et al.: Toxicology Reports, Vol.1, P: 1152-1161 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyprylon is a sedative/hypnotic drug used for treating insomnia.<br>References Reinke, L. A., et al.: Res. Commun. Chem. Path., 11, 45 (1975); Lomen, P., et al.: J. Int. Med. Res., 4, 55 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone is used in the synthesis of triarylcarbinol analogs of fenarimol as potent inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi. It can also be used to prepare fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors.<br>References Keenan, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 4189 (2012); Roughley, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 22, 901 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Dopamine D2-receptor antagonist with anticholinesterase activity. Gastroprokinetic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Iwanaga, Y., et al; Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 56, 261 (1991), Mushiroda, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1231 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,8-Naphthoic Anhydride is used in the synthesis of napthalimide analogues as anticancer agents.<br>References Verma, M. et al.: Eur, J, Med. Chem., 68 (2013); Quintana-E,. et al.: Bioorg, Med. Chem., 21, 6484 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Chlorthiamid<br></p>

<p>Applications zeta-Cypermethrin is used in the season-long insecticide programs for the control of Drosophila suzukii on blackberries of United states. Evaluation of selected insecticides against caterpillar pests in conventional and Bt sweet corn.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Diepenbrock, L. M., et al.: Crop Protection, 98, 149 (2017); Langdon, K. W., et al.: Arthropod Manag. Tests, 37, 60 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Octocrylene-13C3 is the labelled form of Octocrylene (O239755). Octocrylene is a UV-A and UV-B filter used in sunscreen and topical drug formulations.<br>References Lacatusu, I. et al.: Chem. Eng. J., 246, 311 (2014); Allen, J. et al.: Chem. Res. Tox., 9, 605 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications Quinclorac is a disubstituted quinolinecarboxylic acid that is part of a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides. Quinclorac is used in rice to control dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds, particularly barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Quinclorac is also used for weed control in turfgrasses.<br>References Haden, E. et al.: Proc. Br. Corp. Prot. Conf. Weeds, 1, 77 (1985); Chism, W.J. et al.: Weed Sci., 39, 62 (1991); Grossmann, K. et al.: Weed Sci., 46, 707 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled tricyclic antidepressant that is a more potent inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter than the serotonin transporter.<br>References Checkley, S.A, et al.: Br. J. Psychiatry, 138. 248 (1981), Zhu, M.Y., et al.: J. Neurochem., 70, 1547 (1998), Okugawa, G., et al.: J. Neuroindocrinol., 11, 887 (1999), Torres, G.E., et al.: Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 4, 13 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A cell-permeable DNA-binding dye. Binds preferentially to DNA rich in adenine and thymine. Used in flow cytometry for measuring nuclear DNA content or for sorting isolated chromosomes.<br>References Jpeeesen, C, and Nielsen, P.E.: Eur. J. Biochem., 182, 437 (1989), Li,J., et al.: J. Exp. Biol., 200, 1499 (1997), Zaitsev, E.N., and Kowalczykowsi, S.C.: Nucl. Acids Res., 26(2), 650 (1998), Germ, M., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 261, 452 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Naloxone-d5 3-β-D-Glucuronide is a labelled metabolite of Naloxone ((N285000). Narcotic antagonist.<br>References Scheurer, U., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 252, 1324 (1990), Yuan, C., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 59, 469 (1996), Ulens, C., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 62, 1273 (2001), Comert, M., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 511, 183 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Benzyldecyldimethylammonium Chloride is a biocide.<br>References Lee, M., et al.: Appl. Micro. Biotech., 87, 1109 (2010); Campanac, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 46, 1469 (2002); Shen, J., et al.: Anal. Chem., 62, 116 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications O-Desethyl Dapagliflozin is derivative of antidiabetic drug Dapagliflozin (D185370), which is sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.<br>References Kasichayanula, S., et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011); Xu, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 57, 1236 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-Permethrin is the trans isomer of Permethrin (P288500) which is a common synthetic pyrethoid insecticide with low mammalian toxicity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Itaya, N., et al.: ACS Sym. Ser., 42, 45 (1977); Elliott, M., et al.: Nature, 246, 169 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sitagliptin is a trizolopyrazine dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor. Sitagliptin has recently been approved for the therapy of type II diabetes.<br>References Kim, D., et al.: J. Med. Chem. 48, 141 (2005), Ahren, B., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 521 164 (2005), Bergman, A., et al: Clin. Ther. 28, 55 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Chlorophenylacetic Acid is a chlorinated phenyl acetic acid that is an antitumor differentiation inducer and may be an effective therapeutic agent in neuroblastoma therapy. 4-Chlorophenylacetic Acid shows plant growth-regulating activity.<br>References Chamberlain, V.K. et al.: Ann. Appl. Biol., 69, 65 (1971); Cai, G. et al.: Sheng. Wu. Xue., 15, 661 (1999); Pineau, T. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 659 (1996); Sidell, N. et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 412 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride EP Impurity B<br>Applications Tetracycline is a compound that has been shown to induce apoptosis in various cells. Tetracycline was a useful compound to study drug resistance of pathogens of infections in patients with severe liver disease.<br>References Yao, L., et al.: Zhongguo Linchuang Yanjiu, 29, 1510 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled analogue of Cloxacillin, an antibiotic that belongs to the group of the isoxazolylpenicillins. Cloxacillin is used to treat infections caused by species of staphylococci that produce beta-lactamase due to its inhibitory effects on beta-lactamase binding.<br>References Gibbs, D.L. et al.: Curr. Microbiol., 2, 239 (1979); Dmitrova, D. et al.: Farmat., 48, 28 (2001); Craven, N. et al.: Res. Vet. Sci., 29, 57 (1980);<br></p>

<p>Applications Mandestrobin is a novel fungicide having a methoxyacetamid structure. Mandestrobin also shows safer profiles for human health and the environment.<br>References Hirotomi, D., &amp; Kiguchi, S.: PCT Int. Appl., WO 2017026526 A1 20170216 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Cefalonium (C236800) is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used as a long-acting intramammary cerate for infusion of dairy cows.<br>References Endo, T.: Kach. Kokin. Kenk., 12, 8 (1991); Berry, E.A. et al.: J. Dairy Sci., 90, 760 (2007); Bradley, A.J. et al.: J. Dairy Sci., 93, 1566 (2010);<br></p>