Toxicologie

<p>Applications Metalaxyl-M is an isomer of Metalaxyl (M258740), an agricultural fungicide. Phenylamide fungicide or use in food crops, shrubs and turf.<br>References Al-Alam, J. et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 409, 5157 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-3-Pyridinecarboxylic Acid is a useful synthetic intermediate. It can be used to prepare pyridine carboxamides as palm site inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. It can also be used to synthesize pyrazolylcarboxanilides as Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel inhibitors.<br>References Cheng, C., et al.: ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 1, 466 (2010); Yonetoku, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16, 9457 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications A phosphocholine ester metabolite of the immunosuppressant macrolide SDZ RAD (also known as Everolimus E945400) which is an analog of the parent drug Rapamycin (R124000).<br>References Zollinger, M. et al.: Drug. Metab. Disp., 36, 1457 (2008); Kovarik, J. M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 69, 48 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Octenidine is an antiseptic (topical). Octenidine is a cationic surfactant and bis-(dihydropyridinyl)-decane derivative.<br>References Slee, A.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 23, 531 (1983), Ghannoum, M.A., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 25, 237 (1990), Allen, M., et al.: Microbiology, 152, 989 (2006), Ojha, A., et al.: Mol. Microbiol., 66, 468 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Hydroxy Niclosamide is a metabolite of Niclosamide(N395500) which is used as an anthelmintic drug (Cestodes).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Loftsson, T., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 1017 (1996), Malik, N., et al.: Anti. Cancer Drugs, 10, 767 (1999), El-Sayed, M., et al.: Pharm. Res., 18, 23 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Daclatasvir, inhibits the HCV protein NS5A, and thus can be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV).<br>References Gao, M., et al.: Nature, 465(7294), 96 (2010); Bell, T. W., Chem. Med. Chem., 5(10), 1663 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Daptomycin is a Cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic derived from a fermentation product of Streptomyces roseosporus; disrupts plasma membrane function in gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial.<br>References Allen, N.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1093 (1987), Tully, F.P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 8, 1223 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid 3-Sulfate (G641270). A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.<br>References Parmentier, G. , et al.: Steroids, 30, 583 (1977), Tserng, K.Y., et al.: Lipids, 13, 479 (1978),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-[4-(2,4-Dichloro-5-hydroxyphenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic Acid Methyl Ester, is the metabolite of Diclofop-methyl, used as a herbicide.<br>References Tanaka, F. S., et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 38, 553 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Chlorosalicylic Acid is a metabolite of the herbicide Benthiocarb. 4-Chlorosalicylic Acid shows antifungal activity.<br>References Nakamura, Y. et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 41, 1613 (1977); Patel, H.S. et al.: J. Macromol. Sci. Chem., A20, 453 (1983); Amborabe, B.-E. et al.: Plant Physiol. Biochem., 40, 1051 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications O,O-Dimethyl-d6 Dithiophosphate is the isotope labelled analog of O,O-Dimethyl Dithiophosphate (3, an dimethyl phosphorodithiolate derivatives used as insecticides.<br></p>

<p>Applications Acridine analog. DNA intercalating agent.<br>References Hansch, C. et al.: Compr. Med. Chem. 2, 703 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Metronidazole (M338880).<br>References Haller, I., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 22, 165 (1982), Gibson, R., et al.: Clin. Chem., 30, 784 (1984), Kuti, J., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 25, 935 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive, unstable in solution<br>Applications 4-Hydroxy Diclofenac acyl glucuronide is a derivative of Diclofenac (Sodium Salt: D436450). Diclofenac is the first non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is derived from phenylacetic acid. Diclofenac, like other NSAIDs, primarily works by targeting the cyclo-oxygenase pathway in the arachidonic acid cascade, reducing the formation of inflammation mediators in the body.<br>References Ku, E., et al.: Am. J. Med., 80, 18 (1986); Simmons, D., et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 96, 3275 (1999); Small, R.: Clin. Pharm., 8, 545 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Methenamine (H294220). Used in the treatment of urinary track infection.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Day, G.M., et al.: J. Physical Chem., 107, 10919 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Carcinogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Knize, M.G., et al: Envir. Health Perspectives, 67, 17 (1986), Stavric, B., et al.: Fd. Chem. Toxic., 31, 981 (1993), Sugimura, T., et al.: Mutation Res., 290, 43 (1993), van Herwaarden, A.E, et al.: Cancer Res., 63, 6447 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Bisphenol A.<br>References Zalko, D., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 28 (1998), Matthews, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxico., 14, 149 (2001), Kinjo, J., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 185 (2004), Murata, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 2569 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Bromethalin rodenticide found in the blood and liver of treated animals.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Van Lier, R.B.L., et at.: Fundamental Appl. Toxicol., 11, 664 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyantraniliprole is used as an insecticide and/or acaricide. Also useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br>References Abbott, W., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 18, 265 (1925), Ali, A., et al.: Environ. Entomol., 19, 1066 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications A coumarin (C755380) derivative classified as an anticoagulant.<br>References Neau, J. et al.: Cereb. Dis., 11, 195 (2001); Boschetti, E. et al.: Chim. Ther., 7, 20 (1972);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydroxychlorothalonil is a metabolite of Chlorothalonil (C411250).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Katayama, A., et al.: J. Pest Sci., 22, 12 (1997), Godard, T., et al.: Mutat. Res., 444, 103 (1999), Zeng, L., et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 79, 881 (2008), Wang, G., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 192, 2737 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Chlorobenzonitrile is an activated aryl chloride that is commonly used in reactions that involve the Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of heteroaromatics (e.g. 3-aminopicolinic acid [A627800]). 2-Chlorobenzonitrile and its substituted derivatives (e.g. 2,3-dichloro-6-nitrobenzonitrile [2112-22-3]) also have potential anti-inflammatory properties.<br>References Andreu, M., et al.: Chem. Commun., 24, 2475 (2000); Hellman, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 21, 906 (1978); Roy, D., et al.: ACS Catal., 2, 1033 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Linagliptin is a novel potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with potential use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.<br>References Prabavathy, N. et al.: Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci., 2, 438 (2011); Deacon, C.F.: Diab. Obes. Metab., 13, 7 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Amino-N1-methyl-1H-imidazole-1,4-dicarboxamide is a metabolite of Temozolomide (T017775); an imidazotetrazine alkylating agent and antineoplastic.<br>References Newlands, E.S., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rev., 23, 35 (1997); Kim, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 274, 1233 (1999); Hait, W., et al.: Cancer Res., 69, 1263 (2009); Wang, Y., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 62, 7288 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Iso Cyclosporin H is an impurity of Cyclosporin H (C988920).<br>References Borel, J., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 41, 259 (1990); Brooks, C., et al.: Clin. Chem., 39, 457 (1993); Lee, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 22, 183 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Atrazine (ATR) (A794600).<br>References Compton, D., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 110, 157 (1985), Das, P., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 59, 127 (2001), Das, P., et al.: Life Sci., 73, 3123 (2003), Coban, A., et al.: J. Neurochem., 100, 1177 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydramethylon is an insecticide primarily used in the form of baits for cockroaches and ants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Shi, Y., et al.: Food. Add. Contamin., 28, 1383 (2011); Lawrence, J.M., et al.: Ectoxicol., 20, 731 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications RPA 202248-d3 is the isotope labelled derivative of isoxaflutole (I918140), a herbicide used for weed control.<br>References Menezes, C, W.G., et al.: Weed. Res., 52, 520 (2012); Gangwal, S., et al.: Sci. Total. Envrion., 435 (2012); Gomez-Perez, M.L., et al.: J. Chromatograph. A., 1248, 130 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications (2S,2'S)-2,2'-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diyldi-1H-imidazole-5,2-diyl)bis-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylic Acid 1,1'-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) Ester is an antiviral agent and Daclatasvir (D101500) intermediate. Daclatasvir inhibits the HCV protein NS5A and thus can be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV).<br>References Gao, M., et al.: Nature, 465(7294), 96 (2010); Bell, T. W., Chem. Med. Chem., 5(10), 1663 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Heterocyclic inhibitor of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme transcribed by the Hepatitis C virus.<br>References Mashino, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 1107 (2005), Liu, Y., et al.: Biochem., 45, 11312 (2006), Tedesco, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 971 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Myristoyl-L-carnitine-d3 Hydrochloride is labelled Myristoyl-L-carnitine Hydrochloride (M884745), a long-chain fatty ester of carnitine which is accumulated and released into the circulation, in fatty-acid oxidation defects. Pattern of Lauroyl-L-carnitine can be diagnostic for a number of ß-oxidation defects.<br>References Ventura, F., et al.: Clinica Chimica Acta, 281, 1 (1999); Pourfarzam, M., et al.: Clinical Chem,, 40, 2267 (1994); Schaefer, J., et al.: Pediatric Res., 37, 354 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Metoprolol.<br>References Lennard, M.S., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 14, 713 (1982), Gengo, F.M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 36, 320 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Nortriptyline (N837000).<br>References Callaghan, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 16059 (1993), Dagenais, C., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 67, 269 (2004), Doran, A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 165 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Rapamycin. A triene macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Name derived from the native word for Easter Island, Rapa’Nui. Used as an immunosuppressant; antirestenotic.This compound contains aproximately 2% d0.<br>References Martel, P.R., et al.: Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 55, 48 (1977), Carlson, R.P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 266, 1125 (1993), Kahan, B.D., et al.: Lancet, 356, 194 (2000), Holmes, D.R., et al.: Circulation, 109, 634 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications It is listed as a known human carcinogen. Used in manufacturing of dyes, as antioxidant in rubber.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References IARC Monographs, 4, 97 (1974),<br></p>

<p>Applications Psychotropic agent with anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity.<br>References Boissier, J.R., et al.: Therapie, 27, 325 (1972), Bente, D., et al.: Arzneim. Forsch., 25, 944 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Stability Store in freezer<br>Applications A caffeine metabolite.<br>References Regal, K.A., et al.: J. of Chromatography B, 708, 75 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A partially reversible gastric proton pump inhibitor.<br>References Moda, T., et al.: Lett. Drug Des. Discov., 4, 502 (2007), Belaz, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 47, 81 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Phenanthrene (P294800(P)), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; an environmental pollutant.<br>References Boyland, E., et al.: Biochem. J., 84, 564 (1962); Hamada, S., et al.: Mutat. Res., 495, 127 (2001); Shimada, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 29, 1176 (2001); Moennikes, O., et al.: Cancer Res., 64, 4707 (2004); Albig, A., et al.: Mol. Biol. Cell., 16, 609 (2005); Di Toro, D. et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1971 (2000); Vines, C. et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 51, 225 (2000); Incardona, J. et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 196, 191 (2004); Junghans, M., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 76, 93 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A histamine H2-receptor antagonist which inhibits gastric acid secretion. Antiulcerative.<br>References Bradshaw, J., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 66, 464 (1979), Berstad, A., et al.: Scand. J. Gastroenterol, 15, 637 (1980), Hohnjec, M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 533 (1986),<br></p>