Toxicologie

Applications Labelled Alogliptin (A575425). It is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Antidiabetic agent.
References Lynn, F., et al.: Diabetes, 50, 1004 (2001), Trumper, A., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 174, 233 (2002), Vollmer, K., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94, 1379 (2009),

Applications 1-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (cas# 1432680-68-6) is a useful research chemical.

Applications A thiol reactive fluorescent probe for the labelling of proteins. Rhodamine dyes are used extensively in various aspects of fluorescence microscopy because of their brightness and resistance to photobleaching. They are valuable in studies directed at probing changes in orientation and mobility of proteins using fluorescence anisotropy measurements. It is a mixture of the 6-Iodo and 6-chloro.
References Corrie, J.E.T., and Craik, J.S.: J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 2967 (1994)

Applications An iron chelating agent used in therapy for patients with sickle cell diseases and iron overload. Studies suggest that it can exert potential antioxidant neuroprotective effects in stroke patients
References Inati, A. et al.: Am. J. Hematol., 85, 782 (2010); Selim, M.: Translat. Stroke Res., 1, 35 (2010); Cappellini, M.D. et al.: Hemoblobin, 33, 258 (2009);

Applications Labelled analogue of Boscalid, a fungicide belonging to the class of carboxamides. Boscalid acts by inhibiting spore germination, germ tube elongation and is also effective on all other stages of fungal development. Boscalid is used in the agriculture to protect crops from gray mold, powdery mildew and other fungus. Used in Pesticide detection. Used in Cannabis testing.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Yan, F. et al.: Nongyao, 47, 132 (2008); Lozowicka, B. et al.: Prog. Plant Prot., 48, 1211 (2008); Stammler, G. et al.: Int. Plant Prot. Cong. Proc. 16th Glas. U.K., 1, 40 (2007);

References Zeun, R., et al.: Pest Manag. Sci., 69, 527 (2013); Oostendorp, M., et al.: Phytopathology, 101, S133 (2011); Olaya, G., et al.: Phytopathology, 101, S132 (2011)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Daidzein (D103500) metabolite.
References Fang, N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 2700 (2002), Tsuchihashi, R., et al.: Nat. Med., 58, 71 (2004), Hosoda, K., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 36, 1485 (2008),

Applications An agonist to both GHB and GABAB neural receptors, exhibiting neurotransmitter-like effects. It has been used as a general anesthetic in treatment for sleep disorders and clinical depression, but also has been identified as a “date rape drug”.
References Mamelak, M., et al.: Prog. Neurobiol., 89, 193 (2009), Zhang, L., et al.: App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 84, 909 (2009), Pedraza, C., Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 12, 1165 (2009), McGonigle, I., et al.: Biochem., 49, 2897 (2010),

Applications Indoleacetic Acid is the most common and naturally occuring plant hormone in the auxin class of hormones. It effects cell elongation, cell division as well as plant growth and development.

Applications Gibberellic Acid is a pentacyclic diterpene acid. Gibberellic Acid is a hormone that is found in plants which promotes the growth and elongation of cells. Gibberellic acid acts as a plant growth regulator on account of its physiological and morphological effects in extremely low concentrations. Generally Gibberellic acid affects only the plant parts above the soil surface.
References Bayle, J. et al.: Chem. Biol., 13, 99 (2006); Ihara, S. et al.: J. Cell Sci., 119, 500 (2006); Suh, B. et al.: Science, 314, 1454 (2006); Rinaudo, K. et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 25, 795 (2007);

Impurity Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity G / Betamethasone EP Impurity B
Applications Clobetasol (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity G) is a topical corticosteroid. Glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.
References Olsen, E.A., et al.: J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 15, 246 (1986),

Applications Chlorfluazuron is benzoyl(pyridiyloxyphenyl)urea based pesticide that acts as a chitin synthesis inhibitor. Chlorfluazuron is commonly used in agriculture as an insect growth regulator for controlling the major insect pests in crops
References Perveen, F.: J. Life Sci., 5, 933 (2011); Elek, J.A.: Entomol. Exp. Appl., 88, 31 (1998); Osbrink, W.L.A. et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 104, 1009 (2011);

Applications Used as a reference standard for the drug Trimethoprim.Note this compound is a cis / trans mixture.

Applications Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide

Applications A benzodiazepine drug, which is used in the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, alcohol withdrawal and insomnia. It can be used as a premedication before surgery as it augments the effects of anesthetics and reduces anxiety.
References Ogiso, T., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37, 446 (1989), Gu, Q., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 1001 (1993), Bekhterev, V.N., et al.: Pharm. Chem. J., 42, 95 (2008),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Sodium Stibogluconate is an intermediate used to prepare Dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as a new class of antileishmanial agents.
References Agarwal, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 6678 (20050

Applications Crospovidone is a drug excipient or inactive ingredient in drug formulations, specifically used as a pelletization agent in order to facilitate drug absorption.
References Verheyen, P. et al.: Drug. Dev. Ind. Pharm., 35, 1325 (2009); Liew, C. et al.: Pharm. Res., 22, 1387 (2005);

Applications Iprovalicarb is a systematic fungicide. Iprovalicarb is used for the control of pathogenic fungi from the oomycetes class in grapes, potatoes, tomatoes and other crops.
References Stubler, D. et al.: Pflanzensch.-Nach. Bay., 52, 33 (1999); Stenzel, K. et al.: Bright. Crop Prot. Conf. Pests Dis., 2, 367 (1998);

Applications Diuretic and antihypertensive.
References Fuster, D., et al.: Endocrinol., 139, 3849 (1998), Selvaag, E., et al.: Photodermatol., Photoimmunol., Photomed., 18, 90 (2002), Beyer, J., et al.: Ther. Drug Monitor., 27, 509 (2005),

Applications (+)-trans-Allethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid derivative used as an insecticide. Allethrin is commonly used in many household insecticide products due to its low toxicity towards humans. Pesticide component.Environmental toxin on US EPA Toxic Release Inventory list (TRI) list.
References Chatterjee, N. et al.: Food. Chem., 196, 1 (2016);

Applications Isotope labelled Bis(2-chloroethyl)amine is a cytotoxic metabolite of Cyclophosphamide; a deuterated analog of Nor-nitrogen mustard.
References Colvin, M., et al.: Cancer Res., 36, 1121 (1976), Ludeman, S., et al.: Drug Metab Dispos., 20, 337 (1992), Ludeman, S.M., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 84, 393 (1995), Yu, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 24, 1254 (1996),

Applications (R,S)-Equol 7-β-D-Glucuronide is a glucuronide metabolite of isoflavone Daidzein (D103500).
References Heinonen, S., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 274, 211 (1999), Setchell, K., et al.: J. Nutr., 132, 3577 (2002), Thigpen, J., et al.: Comp. Med., 53, 607 (2003), Yee, S., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 2713 (2008)

Applications Labelled Sulfasalazine (S699084). An anti-inflammatory (gastrointestinal). Sulfasalazine has been used in granulomatous colitis.
References Schroder, H., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.,13, 539 (1972), McDonnell, J.P., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 515 (1976), Klotz, U., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet.,10, 285 (1985),

Applications A labelled form of Pirimicarb (P508768) which is a pesticide which is useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Tsuchiyama, T.; et al.: Journal of Chromatography A, 1524, 233 (2017).

Stability Unstable in Solution
Applications Dabigatran Acyl-β-D-Glucuronide Trifluoroacetic Acid Salt is a major metabolite of Dabigatran (D100090) in humans. Four isomeric acylglucuronides of Dabigatran were isolated and purified from urine of dosed rhesus monkeys.  NMR analysis confirmed the structures of the four metabolites as the 1-O-acylglucuronide (β anomer) and the 2-O-, 3-O-, and 4-O-acylglucuronides (α and β anomers).
References Becker, B., et al.: Biochem. J., 314, 249 (1996), Bailey, M., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interact., 145, 117 (2004), Blech, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 2008, 36, 386 (2008),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications 1-o-Tolueneazo-2-naphthol is a potent cytochrome P-488 inducer. Dyes and metabolites.
References Adachi, S., Fujita, S., Uesugi, T.: J Pharmaceut. Biomed., 5, 273 (1982)

Applications Monosulfuron is a sulfonylurea herbicide that inhibits Acetohydroxyacid synthase enzyme.
References Wang, J., et al.: J. Comput. Aided Mol. Des., 19, 801 (2005);

Applications Hexythiazox is a mite growth regulator and a thiazolidine based acaricide that has long-lasting effects against many kinds of mites and is applied at any stage of the plant growth from budding to fruiting. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Martini,X., et al.: Pest. Manage. Sci., 68, 1471 (2012); Gilbert-Lopez, B., et al.: Food. Control., 26, 341 (2012);

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Chlorothalonil is a polychlorinated aromatic broad spectrum non-systematic fungicide. Chlorothalonil is used heavily in agriculture field on crops such as peanuts, potatoes and tomatoes. Chlorothalonil is a probable human carcinogen (Group B2) and is highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertabrates.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Tillman, R. et al.: Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 3, 160 (1973); White, L. et al.: Pest. Manag. Sci., 62, 126 (2006); Haugaard, J.: Dask Kemi, 76, 29 (1995);

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Trichlorfon is an irreversible organophosophate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and the prodrug of Dichlorvos (D435950) (1,2). Trichlorfon have also shown potential actions to be utilized as an effective organophosphorus pesticide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References (1) Li, R., et al.: App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 94, 1553 (2012) (2) Bakirci, G.T., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 1901 (2012)

Applications Hydroxyzine-d8 Dihydrochloride is the H1 receptor antagonist. Anxiolytic. Antihistaminic.
References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Tsau, J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 319 (1978)

Applications A metabolite a Isoleucine.
References Bennett, M., et al.: Clin. Chem., 40, 1879 (1994), Gibson, K., et al.: Pediatr. Res., 47, 830 (2000), Sutton, V., et al.: J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 26, 69 (2003),

Applications Used in treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis; antibacterial.
References Wien, R., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 84, 211 (1945), Stone, O.J., et al.: Med. Hypotheses, 31, 99 (1990), Elder, M.J., et al.: Br. J. Ophthalmol., 80, 549 (1996),

Applications Sudan II is a fat soluble red synthetic azo dye. Sudan II is reduced to potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines by human intestinal bacteria. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.
References Zhu, Y., et. al.: Food Chem., 145, 956 (2014); Xu, H. et. al.: Appl. Environ. Microb., 73, 7759 (2007)

Applications Carboxin Sulfoxide is an oxathiin systemic fungicide used on biological systems.
References Mathre, D. E.: Pestic. Biochem. Phys., 1, 216 (1971); Mathre, D. E.: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 8, 311 (1972)

Stability Air Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive
Applications Organophosphate pesticide used in the agriculture industry.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Abou-Donia, M., et al.: Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 53, 439 (1980), Francis B., et al.: Neurotoxicol., 4, 139 (1983),

Applications Gadobutrol is a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (GBCA).
References Laurent, S., et al.: Contrast Media Mol. Imaging, 1, 128 (2006); Frenzel, T., et al.: Invest. Radiol., 43, 817 (2008)

Applications Diltiazem is a potent vasodilator compound. Antihypertensive.
References Barrios, V. et al.: Exp. Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther., 9, 1375 (2011);

Applications Pyriproxyfen is a pyridine-based pesticide used against a variety of arthropoda, in particular to protect cotton crops against whitefly. Clariant has recently launched a pesticide-filled polymer using pyriproxyfen for the manufacture of mosquito nets.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Amiri, A., et al.: J. Agri. Sci. Technol., 14, 1205 (2012); Basit, M., et al.: Crop. Protect., 44, 135 (2013); Chem. and Eng. News Page 12, May 6, 2019

Applications Dichloroacetic Acid, is a highly corrosive compound, but in a salt form is used therapeutically, due to their ability to inhibit the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. The studies has also shown, DCA has potential anticancer applications. This compound is suitable for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) related research.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Kato, M., et al.: Structure, 15(8), 992 (2007); "Cheap, ‘safe’ drug kills most cancers". New Scientist. (2007); Michelakis, E. D., et al.: Sci. Transl. Med., 2(31) (2010);

Applications Bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate-d8 is an isotopic analog of Bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (B433810) which acts as a plasticizer in the preparation of personal care products. Also used in changing the physical properties of rubbers.
References Oh, J. et al.: J. App. Polym. Sci., 131, 39795 (2014); Llompart, M. et al.: J. Chrom. A., 1293, 10 (2013);