Toxicologie

<p>Applications Pyribenzoxim can be used in biological study of production of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicide tolerant Brassica napus mutants.<br>References Ruiter, R., et al.: U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ., US 20150089682 A1 20150326 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Inhibits the dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters. Unlike amphetamines, it has no effect on catecholamine release. Controlled substance. Anesthetic (local).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Blakely, R.D., et al.: Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 10, 328 (2000), Cowell, R. M., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 389, 59 (2000), Fleckenstein, A.E., Eur. J. Pharmacol., 406, 1 (2000), Torres, G.E., et al.: Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 4, 13 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Amoxycilloic Acid Sodium Salt is an impurity of Amoxicillin (A634235), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Connor, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 46, 128 (1994); Van G., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 26, 139 (2003); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979); Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Tiamulin (T436600). A derivative of Pleuromutilin. Antibacterial.<br>References Egger, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 29, 923 (1976), Baughn, C.O., et al.: Avian Dis., 22, 620 (1978), Goodwin, R.F., et al.: Vet. Rec., 104, 194 (1979), Kitai, K., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1935 (1987), Aarestrup, F., et al.: Vet. Microbiol., 64, 299 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Chlordimeform is an unique insecticide and acaricide. It displays synergistic effects and was detected in Spanish commercial beeswax.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ahmed, M.A.I., et al.: J. Med. Entomol., 49, 1405 (2012); Serra-Bonvehi, J., et al.: Pest Manag. Sci., 66, 1230 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Fungicide. Antimicrobial agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Oestman, M. et al.: Sci. Total Env., 649, 1117 (2019);<br></p>

<p>Applications Roscovitine is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Roscovitine has been found to produce apoptosis in treated cancerous cells of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other cancers. Studies show that Roscovitine displays increased anti-mitotic activity at the G1/S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Roscovitine maybe useful in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), leukemia, HIV infection, herpes simplex infection, and the mechanisms of chronic inflammation disorders.<br>References De Azevedo, W.F. et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 43, 518 (1997); Planchais, S. et al.: Plant J., 12, 191 (1997); Mgbonyebi O.P. et al.: Anticancer Res., 18, 751 (1998); MacCallum, D.E. et al.: Cancer Res., 65, 5399 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Mometasone Furoate EP Impurity A<br>Applications Mometasone Furoate Impurity A (Mometasone EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Mometasone Furoate, a topical corticosteroid used as an anti-inflammatory.<br>References Shapiro, E.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 30, 1581 (1987); Graft, D., et al.: J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 98, 724 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Decanol is a long chain alcohol that has been seen to enhance homomeric glycine receptor function. In addition, the 5HT2α receptors were inhibited by the presence of 1-decanol. This action has many psychological repercussions on an individual.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Mascia, M. et al.: Brit. J. Pharm., 119, 1311 (1996); Minami, K. et al.: J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 281, 1136 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Hydrochlorothiazide EP Impurity C<br>Applications N-[[7-(Aminosulfonyl)-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-4-yl]methyl]-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide (Hydrochlorothiazide EP Impurity C) is an impurity in bulk Hydrochlorothiazide. Dimer Impurity C.<br>References Daniels, S.L., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 70, 211 (1981), Fang, X., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 691 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Aclonifen-d5, is the labeled analogue of Aclonifen, which is used as a pesticide and herbicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Laini, A., et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 438, 312 (2012); Fantke, P., et al.: Enviorn. Int., 49, 9 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Pancratistatin acts as an anti-cancer compound that initiates cell-death in cancer cells.<br>References McLachlan, A. et al.: Apoptosis, 10, 619 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Clopidogrel derivative. It is used as internal standard.This compound is a single pair of enantiomers but the relative stereochemistry is unknown.<br>References Savi, P., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 44, 527 (1992), Pereillo, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 1288 (2002), Ksycinska, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41, 533 (2006), Farid, N., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 81, 735 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications A diuretic used to reduce menstrual pains.<br>References Varga, J., et al.: Mol. Immunol., 28, 641 (1991), Marrero-Ponce, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 2881 (2005), Ibrahim, H., et al.: Drug Discov. Ther., 3, 168 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity L<br>Applications Azithromycin N-Oxide (Azithromycin EP Impurity L) is an Azithromycin (A927000) impurity. A degradation products of Azithromycin.<br>References Anon., et al.: Pharmaeuropa, 13, 750 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications A nootropic drug that produced a significant increase in β-wave activity and stimulated α-wave activity dose-dependently. It has been used in studies to alleviate the effects of memory retrieval deficits in rats.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sara, S.J.: Psychopharmacology, 68, 235 (1980); Wolthuis, O.L.: Pharamacol. Biochem. Behav., 15, 247 (1981); Saletu, B. et al.: Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol., 4, 469 (1980);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11-DODECAMETHYLHEXASILOXANE (cas# 995-82-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(7-Cyano-5-(2-nitropropyl)indolin-1-yl)propyl Benzoate is used in the preparation of Silodosin (S465000), an α1a-adrenoceptor antagonist. It is used in treatment of benign prostatic hypertophy.<br>References Shibata, K., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 48, 250 (1995); Murata, S., et al.: J. Urol., 164, 578 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A bacteriostatic antibiotic with similar activity and better absorption after oral administration (in animals) than the sodium salt of Fusidic Acid (F865500). Inhibits protein synthesis in prokaryotes by inhibiting the ribosome-dependent activity of G factor and translocation of peptidyl-tRNA.<br>References Findon, G. et al.: Lab. Anim. Sci., 41, 462 (1991); Parsons, R.L. et al.: Curr. Chemother. Proc. Int. Cong. Chemother., 10, 384 (1978);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Ofloxacin.<br>References Uematsu, T., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 40, 581 (1991), Uematsu, T., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 17, 101 (1995), Ballesteros, O., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 30, 1103 (2002), Kitade, T., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 51, 53 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Oseltamivir 5-Desamino 5-(2-Formyl 5-Hydroxymethylpyrrol-1-yl) is derived from Oseltamivir Phosphate (O701000), which is an orally active inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase; converted in vivo to the active acid metabolite. An antiviral drug. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Oliyai, R., et al.: Pharm. Res., 15, 1300 (1998), Kim, C.U., et al.: Med. Chem. Res., 8, 392 (1998), Hayden, F.G., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 341, 1336 (1999), Treanor, J.J., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 283, 1016 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Pizotifen Malate is an anti migraine drug.<br>References Serna-Jimenez. et al.,Int. J. Pharm. 492, 223-232(2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications Flutriafol is a systemic fungicide of the triazole class. Flutriafol has broad spectrum fungicidal activity and is used to control effectively cereal powdery mildew, cloud disease, leaf spot disease and rust disease.<br>References Gozzo, F. et al.: Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 40, 68 (1991); Cao, W. et al.: Jing. Huag. Zhong., 36, 33 (2006); Evans, V.J. et al.: BCPC Conf. Pests Dis., 1, 511 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Levofloxacin Descarboxy Impurity<br>Applications A degradation product of Levofloxacin (L360000).<br>References Wong, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 15, 765 (1997), Singh, G., et al.: Pharmazie, 43, 134 (1988), Radi, A., et al.: Talanta, 58, 319 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ambroxol O-glucuronide is a metabolite of Ambroxol (A575900, HCl salt), a bronchosecretolytic drug.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Applications Influenza viral neuraminidase inhibitor; structural analog of the sialic acid. Antiviral.<br>References Woods, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 1473 (1993), Pegg, M.S., et al.: Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 32, 851 (1994), Monto, A.S., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 282, 31 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine is a reagent used to study acylcarnitine profile in thyroid disease.<br>References Wong, S., et al.: Clinical Biochem., 46, 180 (2013); Alu, F., et al.: Heredity, 110, 253 (2013); Adam, B., et al.: Clinical Biochem., 44, 1445 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone Enanthate is a derivative of testosterone (T155000), the principal hormone of the testes, produced by the interstitial cells.<br>References Janjic, M.M., et al.: Reproduct. Toxicol., 34, 686 (2012); Lacreuse, A., et al.: Physiol. Behaviour., 106, 229 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Hydroxy-6-trifluoromethylpyridine<br></p>

<p>Applications Xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor. Used for treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout. 40-120 mg/day febuxostat was proven effective in lowering serum urate levels when administered to manage hyperuricemia in patients with gout.<br>References Osada, Y., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 241, 183 (1993), Okamoto, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1848 (2003), Mayer, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Therap., 12, 22 (2005), Tomlinson, B., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 1168 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Potent inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications GW 501516 Sulfoxide is a urinary metabolite of GW1516, a drug candidate potentially enhancing athletic performance. GW 501516 Sulfoxide may be used or doping control purposes.<br>References Thevis, M., et. al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2479 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Imazamox Methyl Ester is a derivative of Imazamox (I268550), an imidazolinone based acetolactate synthase inhibitor that is utilized as a herbicide for weed control.<br>References Riar, D.S., et al.: Int. J. Agron., 8 (2012); Grey, T.L., et al.: Weed. Technol., 26, 405 (2012); Rousonelos, S.L., et al.: Weed. Sci., 60, 335 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications ent-Entecavir is an enantiomeric impurity of the antiviral drug Entecavir (E558900).<br>References Ruediger, E. et al.: Tetrahed. Lett., 45, 739 (2004): Bisacchi, G.S. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 127 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fusidic Acid EP Impurity H<br>Applications 11-Keto Fusidic Acid (Fusidic Acid EP Impurity H) is a metabolite of Fusidic Acid.<br>References Godtfredsen, W.O., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 9, 15 (1966), Perry, M.J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 36, 1659 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications The (R,R)-enantiomer of Voriconazole. An antifungal (systemic). An ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sanati, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 2492 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Hydroxy-furo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-one is a derivative of 6-(5-Chloro-2-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-one (C379925) which is an impurity of Eszopiclone (E889150), a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent used as a treatment for insomnia.<br>References Gottesmann, C., et al.: Eur. J. Neurosci., 10, 409 (1998), Yoshimoto, M., et al.: Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 9, 29 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Novel intermediate of Azithromycin that acts as antibiotic.<br>References Krajacic, M.B., et al.: J. Antibiot., 58, 380 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled N-Demethyl Rifampicin (D231250). N-Demethyl Rifampicin is a metabolite of Rifampicin (R508000).<br>References Marsili, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1209 (1984), Nikaido, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 37, 1393 (1993), Piddock, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45, 159 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pentachloronitrobenzene is used in the synthesis of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins for toxilogical studies. Its a pesticide used in the protection of crops from fungal bacterium. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698235).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Munoz, E. et al.: J. AOAC Int., 95, 1777 (2012); Pohland, A. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 20, 1093 (1972);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Mometasone Furoate EP Impurity F<br>Applications 6-Oxo Mometasone Furoate (Mometasone EP Impurity F) is an impurity of Mometasone Furoate (M490000), a topical corticosteroid used as an anti-inflammatory.<br>References Shapiro, E.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 30, 1581 (1987); Graft, D., et al.: J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 98, 724 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ricinine. An alkaloid extract from the seeds of the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communalis). Ricinine is a central nervous system stimulant that could potentially be a cognition-enhancing agent used for the treatment of human amnesias. Ricinine also has bactericidal effects on three pests and heptaprotective activity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Feraz, A.C. et al.: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 63, 367 (1999); Zhao, Z. et al.: Zhong. Niang., 6, 13 (2009);<br></p>