Toxicologie

<p>Applications Antitussive. Chain between 6 and 17 units of ethylene glycol with the major product containing 10 units.<br>References Scholtissek, C., et al.: Antiviral Res., 38, 213 (1998), McGovern, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 1712 (2002), Regenthal, R., et al.: Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 21, 343 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications An immunosuppressant that has revolutionized organ transplantation through its use in the prevention of graft rejection.A group of nonpolar cyclic oligopeptides with immunosupppressant activity.<br>References van Wartburg, A., et al.: Prog. Med. Chem., 25, 1 (1988), Jorgensen, K.A., et al.: Scand. J. Imunol., 57, 93 (2003), Vollenbroeker, et al.: Transplant. Proc., 37, 1741 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications The S-enantiomer of Clobenzorex (C583000), an anorexic.<br>References Thomasset, M., et al.: Experienta, 26, 692 (1970), Glasson, B., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 21, 1985 (1971),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pre-emergence herbicide used for grass control in crops.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Goldenthal, et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Robens, J.F., et al.: Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 22, 328 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Aniline. Arylamines are predominantly conjugated by constitutive enzyme forms in the liver.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Axelrod, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 232 835 (1958), Lilienblum, W., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 33, 2041 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Combined dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5HT2) receptor antagonist. Antipsychotic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sainati, S.M., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 35, 713 (1995), Szewczak, M.R., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 274, 1404 (1995), Kongsamut, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 317, 417 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications The main metabolite of Omeprazole.<br>References Renberg, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 17, 69 (1989), Calabresi, L., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 49, 493 (2004), Yin, O., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 44, 582 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications KU-0058948 is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Studies show that KU-0058948 is a potent agonist that activates transfected extracellular signal-regulated kinase 8 (ERK8) in cells. KU-0058948 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of primary myeloid leukemic cells and myeloid leukemic cell lines in vitro<br>References Klevernic, I.V. et al.: FEBS Lett., 583, 680 (2009); Gaymes, T.J. et al.: Haematologica, 94, 638 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,4-Butane-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-d8-diamine (D416027) is a labelled isotope of 1,4-Diaminobutane (D416025). It is an amino acid degradation product. Used in the preparation of hexahydropyrimidines as novel hepatitis C virus inhibitors. Also a reagent in the synthesis of antibacterial castor oil-based polyurethane membranes.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hwang, J. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 70, 315 (2013); Yari, A. et al.: J. Biomed. Mat. Res., 102A, 84 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Oxymatrine-d3, is a labeled analogue of Oxymatrine (O876300), an anti-tumor agent triggering apoptosis in human leukemia cells.<br>References Liu, J. et al.: Tumor Biol., 35, 5409 (2014); Wang, C. et al.: Am. J. Chinese Med., 42, 543 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir API<br>Applications Abacavir (Abacavir API) is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications Stereoisomer to Darunavir (D193500), a second generation HIV-1-protease inhibitor; structurally similar to amprenavir. Antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Koh, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 3123 (2003), Arasteh, K., et al.: AIDS, 19, 943 (2005), Surleraux, D.L.N.G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1813 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cefixime (C242800). Orally active, third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Kamimura, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 25, 98 (1984),Yamanaka, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 1738 (1985), Guay, D.R.P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 485 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bacitracin is a peptide antibiotic effective against gram-postive bacteria. Bacitracin is an inhibitor of peptidoglycan synthesis. Bacitracin disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting dephosphorylation of lipid pyrophosphate. Bacitracin also strongly inhibits proline endopeptidase from human muscle.<br>References Ward, J.B. et al.: Biochem. J., 141, 227 (1974); Anastasi, A. et al.: Biochem. J., 290, 601 (1993); Daly, D.J. et al.: Biochem. Soc. Trans., 13, 1161 (1985); Weinberg, E.D. et al.: Antibiot. Ber., 90, (1967);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lofentanil is a very potent and long-acting opiate agonist.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lembeck, F., Donnerer, J.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 114, 241 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications CP 1282 is the tautomer of the antibiotic Cefotetan (C242970) with similar degradation rates.<br>References Koshiro, A. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37, 1864 (1989); Naber, K. et al.: Zeitsch. Antmickrob. Antineoplast. Chemother., 2, 161 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Mirtazapine (M365000). This compounds contains some of the alpha anomer.<br>References Sandker, G., et al.: Xenobiotica, 24, 143 (1994), Dahl, M., et al.: Clin. Drug Invest., 13, 37 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Aclarubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic. It is used in the treatment of cancer.<br>References Magi, S., et al.: J. Antibiot., 66, 165 (2013); Wakabayashi, I., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 59, 719 (2000); Viadro, M., et al.: Antibiot Khimioter, 36, 20 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications Dorzolamide Maleic Acid Adduct, is the isomeric adduct resulting from the nucleophilic addition of Dorzolamide (D535100) to Maleic Acid. Dorzolamide, is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is an anti-glaucoma agent, and acts by decreasing the production of aqueous humour. It is used in the form of eye drops.<br>References Lippa, E.A., et al.: Ophthalmology, 98, 308 (1991), Wang, R.-F., et al.: Arch. Ophthalmol., 109, 1297 (1991), Whikehart, D., et al.: J. Ocul. Pharmacol., 7, 195 (1991), Sjoquist, B., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 745 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Retapamulin is an antibacterial agent used as a substitute for the more commonly known Penicillin (P223505).<br>References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Dunham, J.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 249 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications Propaquizafop is used in the studies of the pesticides residue in tomatoes and cucumbers and the associated health risks.<br>References Lozowicka, B., et al.: Environ. Monit. Assess., 187, 1 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Metaldehyde<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Isopropyl quaternary salt of Atropine. Nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator.<br>References Groeben, H., et al.: Anesthesiology, 85, 867 (1996), Haddad, et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 127, 413 (1999), Barnes, P. J., et al.: Chest, 117, 63S (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Scopolamine Hydrobromide Hydrate is an acetylcholine antagonist. Used in treatment of motion sickness; antiemetic; antispasmodic; mydriatic; preanesthetic medicant. Neuroprotective &amp; Neuroresearch Product.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Brand, J.J., et al.: Lancet, 2, 232 (1970); Bowles, J.B., et al.: Anaesthesia, 34, 476 (1979); Clissold, S.P., et al.: Drugs, 29, 189 (1985); Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 477 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications δ-Ketoendrin is an isomerization product of Endrin (E555530), a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide that produces hepatic and neurologic toxicity. Endrin is also known to produce hyperexcitability of the human central nervous system that could result in convulsions. δ-Ketoendrin is an endocrine disrupting compound that has been found in human fetal and newborn tissues.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Burton, W.B., Pollard, G.E.: B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 12, 113 (1974); Bagchi, M., et al.: Arch. Env. Contam. Toxicol., 23, 1 (1992); Coble, Y., et al.: JAMA, 202, 489 (1967); Eisler, R. &amp; Edmunds, P.: Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 95, 153 (1966); Cappiello, A., et. al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 406, 2779 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Isopropylphenyl Methylcarbamate is a potential human-safe insecticide against the malaria mosquito.<br>References Hartsel, J. A., et al.: Bioorg. Medicinal Chem. Lett., 22, 4593 (2012); Naik, P. K., et al.: SAR QSAR Environ. Res., 20, 551 (2009); Shang, Z., et al.: Nongyaoxue Xuebao, 2, 17 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications A novel labelled intermediate of Fexofenadine (F322470).<br>References McTavish, D., et al.: Drugs, 39, 552 (1990), Honig, P., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 52, 231 (1992), Yun, C., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 21 403 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications A muscarinic receptor used as nootropic agent.<br>References Wolf-Pflugmann, M., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch./Drug Res., 39(1), 5, 539 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications Suvorexant-d6 is the labeled analog of Suvorexant (S870000), a dual (non-selective) orexin receptor antagonist in development by Merck &amp; Co. for the treatment of insomnia. It works by turning off wakefulness rather than by inducing sleep. Users of higher doses had an increased rate of suicidal ideation.<br>References Cox, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 5320 (2010); Baxter, C., et al.: Org. Process Res. Dev., 15, 367 (2011); Winrow, C., et al.: J. Neurogenet., 25, 52 (2011); Mieda, M., et al.: CNS Drugs, 27, 83 (2013); Osborne, R.: Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 12, 492 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ezetimibe-d4 is the labeled analogue of Ezetimibe (E975000), an antihyperlipoproteinemic. A cholesterol absorption inhibitor.<br>References van Heek, M., at al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 283, 157 (1997); van Heek, M., at al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 129, 1748 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Systemic agricultural fungicide.<br>References Ozer, N., et al.: J. Phytopathol., 158, 744 (2010), Schafer, R., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 1665 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Applications Picoxystrobin is a methoxyacrylate strobilurin fungicide designed for the control of wide range of cereal diseases.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Walorczyk, S., et al.: J. Chromatograph. A., 1251, 219 (2012); Roszko, M., et al.: J. Am. OIl. Chemist. Soc., 89, 389 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethoprophos is an organophosphate non-systemic nematicide and soil insecticide (1). Ethoprophos is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor (2,3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants. Used as a standard for Pesticide detection. Ethoprophos is also useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698230).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Wing, K. et al.: Pest. Biochem. Physiol. 1984. Feb:21(1) pp22-302. Opperman, C. et al.: J. Nematol. 1990 Oct;22(4):481-83. Nordmeyer, D. et al.: Plant. Dis. J. 1985 Jan:69: 67-69<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Bilirubin (B385300), a principal pigment of bile and constituent of many biliary calculi.<br>References Stenhagen, R., et al.: Biochem. J., 33, 1591 (1939), Gray, et al.: J. Chem. Soc., 2264, 2268 (1961),<br></p>

<p>Applications A glucuronide of (Z)-4-Hydroxy Tamoxifen (or trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen), an active metabolite of Tamoxifen (T006000).<br>References Beaulieu, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 271, 22855 (1996), Green, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 860 (1998), Nishiyama, T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 63, 1817 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pefloxacin Mesylate Dihydrate is an analog of norfloxacin that inhibits topoisomerase.<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Ammelide (A633650), which is a metabolite of Melamine (1) (M208700), which acts as a non-protein nitrogen food additive (2). Also present in pet foods as well (3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br>References 1. Mast R. et al.: Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Dec;21(6):807-10. 2. Ehling S. et al.: Food Addit. Contam. 2007 Dec;24(12):1319-25.3. Vail T. et al.: J Anal Toxicol. 2007 Jul-Aug;31(6):304-12.<br></p>

<p>Applications An isotopically labelled metabolite of halopropanes; also the metabolite of 2 glycosylnitrosoureas (RFCNU and RPCNU).<br>References Madelmont, J.C., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 10, 662 (1982), Barr, D.B., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 22, 96 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Selective pre-emergence herbicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bailey, G.W., et al.: Residue Rev., 10, 97 (1965), Chun, O., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 41, 1063 (2003), Berrada, H., et al.: Food Control., 21, 36 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-Quizalofop-ethyl-d3 (propionate-3,3,3-d3) is the labelled version of Quizalofop-ethyl (Q826108(P)), which may have agricultural applications specifically in controlling plant diseases. (±)-Quizalofop-ethyl-d3 (propionate-3,3,3-d3) has been useful in analytical studies as well, particularly in the development of retention time interpolation scale for liquid chromatography.<br>References Watanabe, S., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2020) JP 2020125364 A; Celma, A., et al.: J. Chromatogr. A, 1568, 101 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled antipruritic. Antibacterial, antimicrobial agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Robinson, et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 18, 19 (1966); Abdel-Moety, E., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 5, 1 (1997); Basavaiah, K., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 47, 1351 (1999);<br></p>