Toxicologie

Applications An intermediate in the preparation of HIV-integrase inhibitors

Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity E
Applications 6,11-Di-O-methyl Erythromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity E) is a Di-O-alkyl Erythromycin (E649950) is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750). Clarithromycin impurity E per British Pharmacopoeia.
References Morimoto, S. et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 286 (1990); Kohno, Y. et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 26, 503 (1990);

Applications N2-Methyl Trimethoprim-D3 is a labelled analogue of N2-Methyl Trimethoprim (M331190).

Applications Trimethoprim-13C3 (T795616) derivative. Antibacterial properties.

Applications p-Chloroaniline-d4 Deuterium Chloride is an intermediate in synthesizing N1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-N14-2-chlorophenyl-2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide-d4 (C377537), an isotope labelled analog of N1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-N14-2-chlorophenyl-2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide. N1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-N14-2-chlorophenyl-2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide is an impurity of Chlorhexidine Digluconate (C292770). Chlorhexidine gluconate is an antimicrobial irrigant that is used as an antiseptic for the skin in the healthcare industry. It is used in hospitals to prevent infection of patients during surgeries and can also be found in mouth rinses.
References Addy, M. & Wright, R.: J. Clin. Periodont., 5, 198 (1978); Kuruvilla, J. & Kamath, M.: J. Endododont., 24, 472 (1998); Maki, D., et al.: Lancet, 338, 339 (1991); Popovich, K., et al.: Inf. Cont. Hosp. Epidem., 30, 959 (2009); Rosenberg, A., et al.: Surg. Gyn. Obst., 143, 789 (1976)

Applications Octanoic Acid-13C4 is an isotopic analog of Octanoic Acid (O237880), which is found naturally in the milk of various mammals. Its esters can be used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. It is also an antimicrobial pesticide used as a food contact surface sanitizer. Caprylic acid is also used in the treatment of some bacterial infections.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Lide, D. R., et al.: CRC Handbook chem. Phys., 70th Ed. (1990); Beare-Rogers, J., et al.: Pue Appl. Chem., 73 (4), 685 (2001);

Applications Pemoline-d5 is a CNS stimulant. Controlled Substance.
References Connors, C.K., et al.: Psychopharacolgia, 26, 321 (1972), Schafer, E.W., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 315 (1972),

Applications O-Methyl Oxazepam Acetate is an impurity of Oxazepam (O845700), which is an anxiolytic; muscle relaxant (skeletal); anticonvulsant; ligand for the GABAA receptor benzodiazepine modulatory site. Controlled substance (depressant).
References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Sisenwine, et al.: Arzneim. Forsch., 22, 682 (1972), Shearer, C.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 3, 441 (1974), Greenblatt, D.J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 6, 89 (1981),

Applications An enantiomer of Tolvaptan. It is a selective, competitive arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist used to treat hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).
References Paterna, S., et al.: Eur. J. Heart Fail, 2, 305 (2000), Udelson, J., et al.: Circulation, 104, 2417 (2001), Goldsmith, S., et al.: J. Am. Coll Cardiol., 46, 1785 (2005), Schrier, R., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 355, 2099 (2006),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 3-Iodothyronacetic Acid is a 3-Iodothyronamine metabolite that has functional effects in FRTL-5 thyroid cells.
References Agretti, P. et al.: J. Mol. Endocrinol., 47, 23 (2011);

Applications 1-Iodo-2,3-dimethoxybenzene-d6 is the isotope labelled analog of 1-Iodo-2,3-dimethoxybenzene. 1-Iodo-2,3-dimethoxybenzene is used in the preparation of fused heterocyclic amido compounds as a potential anti hepatitis C virus agents.
References Aoyama, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. chem., 19, 2675 (2011);

Applications Emtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Dihydrochloride is a derivative of Emtricitabine (E525000). Emtricitabine is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner.
References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)

Applications (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000) derivative.

Applications A potential metabolite of Exemestane (E957000).
References Buzzetti, F., et al.: Steroids, 58, 527 (1993),

Applications Olodaterol is a long acting β-adrenoceptor agonist used as an inhalation for treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
References Cazzola, M., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 64, 450 (2012); Bouyssou, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 1410 (2010);

Applications Most ethyl alcohol is used in alcoholic beverages in suitable dilutions. Other uses are as solvent in laboratory and industry , in the manufacture of denatured alcohol, pharmaceuticals, in perfumery, in organic synthesis. Used as antiseptic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Wiberg, G.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 16, 718 (1970), Brown, N.A., et al.: Science, 206, 573 (1979),

Applications The (S)-3’’-hydroxylated metabolite of Pravastatin in humans.
References Everett, D. W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 19, 740 (1991)

Applications (R)-Chloropheniramine is an intermediate used in the synthesis of (R)-(-)-Chlorpheniramine Maleate (C424306), which is the R-enantiomer of Chlorpheniramine (C424300). Antihistaminic.
References Ishida, M., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 359, 46 (2008), Moreno, R., et al.: Biomed. Chromatog., 24, 774 (2010), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010),

Applications N-Demethyl Erythromycin A-d7 is a labeled version of N-Demethyl Erythromycin A (D230930), which is a metabolite of Erythromycin (E649950).
References Rich, D.H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 1004 (1975), Itoh, Z,. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 863 (1984), Omura, S., et al.: J. Antibiotics 38, 1631 (1985)

Applications A reagent used in the preparation of hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitors and PMPA prodrugs with antiretroviral activity.
References Sheng, X. et al.: Bioorg, Med. Chem. Lett., 169, 3453 (2009); Arimilli, M.N. et al.: Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 8, 557 (1997);