Toxicologie

Stability Unstable in Solution
Applications (S)-(-)-Carbidopa is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor that is commonly used in combination with L-DOPA (D533751) for treatment of Parkinsonism. S(-)-Carbidopa ( has also been shown to prolong the elimination half-life of L-DOPA from blood plasma and skeletal muscle.
References Henry, G.M. et al.: Psychosom. Med., 38, 95 (1976); Leguire, L.E. et al.: Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34, 3090 (1993); Deleu, D. et al.: Naun. Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol. 348: 576 (1993);

Impurity Lorazepam USP Related Compound A
Stability hygroscopic
Applications Lorazepam is an anxiolytic compound that potentiates GABAergic synaptic transmission by binding at the benzodiazepine site on the GABAA receptor.1,2 This product is intended for forensic and research applications. Lorazepam acts as ananticonvulsant. Lorazepam USP Related Compound A.Controlled substance (depressant).
References Rutgers, G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 397 (1980), Korkmaz, S., et al.: Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 8, 175 (1998), D’Onofrio, G., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 340, 915 (1999),

Applications Fipronil- 13C2 15N2 is the labeled analogue of Fipronil (F342200), which is a broad spectrum insecticide which actively disrupts the CNS of contacted insects by blocking the passage of chloride ions through GABA receptors.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Ling, S., et al.: App. Entomol. Zool., 44, 543 (2009), Li, X., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 29, 127 (2010), Savant, R., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 1447 (2010),

Applications Ethion-D20 is a labelled analogue of Ethion (E678305). Ethion is an organophosphate pesticide that is commonly used for crop protection against pests, such as mites and aphids. Ethion is highly toxic if ingested, as it can cause acute cyanosis and flaccid paralysis.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Comstock, E., et al.: Tex. Med., 63, 71 (1967); Dickinson, B.: J. Econ. Entomol., 51, 354 (1958); Riehl, L., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 52, 857 (1959)

Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in DMSO
Applications Post-emergence sulfonylurea herbicide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Gubbiga, N.G., et al.: Weed Technol., 9, 574 (1995), Ukrainczyk, L., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 855 (1995)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Labelled Rifabutin (R505000). Semisynthetic derivative of Rifamycin S that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. An antibacterial (tuberculostatic).
References O’Brien, R.J., et al.: Infect. Dis., 9, 519 (1987), Anand, R., et al.: Antimicrob. AG. Chemother., 32 (684 (1988), Skinner, M.H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent Chemother., 33, 1237 (1989),

Applications Solriamfetol is a selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used in the treatment of sleep apnea and narcolepsy.
References Baladi, Michelle G., et al.: J. of Pharmaco. and Exper. Therap., 366(2), 367-376 (2018);Abad, Vivien C., et al.: Expert Rev. of Resp. Med., 12(12), 1007-1019 (2018);Takahashi, Tatsunori, et al.: Exp. Opin. on Orphan Drugs, 6(10), 597-610 (2018)

Stability Unstable in Solution
Applications Cefathiamidine is an antibacterial agent that exhibits a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity against gram-positive bacteria.
References Chen, H.Y., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 12, 19 (1983); Philpott-Howard, J., et al.: Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl., 39, 109 (1983); Chen, H.Y., et al.: J. Med. Microbiol., 23, 141 (1987);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of Fosfestrol.
References Vanluchene, E., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 16, 701 (1982), Fodey, T., et al.: Food Agric. Immunol., 8, 157 (1996),

Applications Pyrimorph is a novel fungicide.
References Yan, X., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 2720 (2010);

Applications Dieldrin is a stereoisomer of Endrin. Used as an insecticide.Potential occupational carcinogen.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Kearns, C.W., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 42, 127 (1949), Gaines, et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 14, 515 (1969),

Applications Estocin is an opioid analgesic and is closely related to Benactyzine Hydrochloride (B119600).
References Gorbatova, E.N.: Stomatologiya, 46, 22 (1967)

Applications (+)-Matrine is an alkaloid compound extracted from the roots of Sophora species which maintain anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and a host of other positive pharmacological effects. Apoptotic agent.
References Xie, B. et al.: Mol. Med. Rep., 9, 2547 (2014); Liu, Y. et al.: Tumor Biol., 35, 5111 (2014);

Applications Fluroxypyr-1-methylheptyl Ester is a derivative of (F598780), a systemic and selective herbicide. Fluroxypyr is used for the control of broad-leaved weeds in small grain cereals, maize, pastures, range land and turf. Fluroxypyr is a synthetic auxin.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Radivojevic, L. et al.: Pesticidi, 16, 181 (2001); Roberts, H.A. et al.: Tests Agrochem. Cult., 6, 96 (1985); Sanders, G.E. et al.: Ann. Appl. Biol., 111, 385 (1987);

Applications Controlled substance (stimulant). Anorexic.
References Cahen, et al.: Therapie, 17, 373 (1962), Abramson, R., et al.: J. Clin. Psychiatry, 41, 234 (1980), Garriott, J., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 9, 141 (1985), Hvizdos, K., et al.: Drugs, 58, 743 (1999),

Applications Dimethachlor-d6 is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Dimethachlor Ethane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt-d6 (D460284), which is the deuterium labelled form of Dimethachlor Ethane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt (D460283), which is a pesticide metabolite and pollutant found in groundwater, surface water, and wastewater.
References Huntscha, S., et al.: J. Chromatogr. A, 1268, 74 (2012); Reemtsma, T., et al.: J. Chromatogr. A, 1271, 95 (2013);