Antibiotiques

Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis, particularly targeting multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and is used for treating complicated urinary tract infections and hospital-acquired pneumonia.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic of cephalosporin class, which inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by targeting the penicillin-binding protein, involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. This third-generation cephalosporin is very active against Pseudomonas species and can also be used to treat bacterial meningitis as it penetrates in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Pefloxacin is a mesylate prodrug that is converted to pefloxacin in the body. The optimum concentration for pefloxacin is 2 µg/mL, and it has been shown to be active against gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis. Pefloxacin has also been shown to inhibit the growth of human leukemia cells (HL-60) and drug interactions have been documented with this drug. Pefloxacin is not active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium complex.

Anthracycline is a class of chemotherapy drugs, which are anthraquinone antibiotics derived from the bacterial genus Streptomyces. They exert their therapeutic effects primarily through intercalation into DNA, disrupting the function of enzymes such as topoisomerase II, thus preventing the transcription and replication processes in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Furthermore, they generate free radicals, leading to oxidative stress and subsequent cell damage. These mechanisms collectively result in apoptosis of malignant cells. Anthracyclines are utilized extensively in oncology for the treatment of various malignancies, including leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer, and sarcomas. The efficacy of anthracyclines in inhibiting tumor growth must be balanced against their cardiotoxic potential, which is a significant consideration in their clinical use. This dual nature makes them both pivotal and challenging in chemotherapy regimens, necessitating careful management and monitoring throughout treatment.

Puromycin is active against both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Puromycin resistance gene (pac) is a common choice for the selection of mammalian cells since its first application in 1988, especially for therapeutic proteins in mammalian cells where it was used to produce high levels of protein of interest. Puromycin can also be used as a selection marker for Archea.

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; glycylcycline class

Maduramicin ammonium is an anticoccidial agent with action on protozoal parasites by disrupting ion gradients and is used for preventing coccidiosis in poultry.