Antibiotiques

<p>(E)-10,11-Didehydro-11-deoxy-6-O-methylerythromycin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from erythromycin, a natural product obtained from the bacterium *Saccharopolyspora erythraea*. This compound functions as an inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, thus preventing the growth and proliferation of susceptible bacterial strains. The alteration in its chemical structure, notably the methylation at the 6-O position, enhances its stability and improves its pharmacokinetic profile compared to the parent compound, erythromycin.</p>

<p>Erythromycin B is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from the actinomycete *Saccharopolyspora erythraea*. Its mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. This interference with protein synthesis effectively hampers bacterial growth, making it a potent bacteriostatic agent.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of protein synthesis; aminoglycoside</p>

Kasugamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is derived from the actinomycete Streptomyces kasugaensis. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of protein synthesis by interfering with the function of the 30S ribosomal subunit, ultimately preventing the growth and proliferation of sensitive organisms. In agricultural contexts, Kasugamycin is primarily utilized to control bacterial and fungal diseases in a variety of crops, including rice and fruit trees. It is particularly effective against Xanthomonas oryzae, which causes bacterial leaf blight in rice, and other pathogenic organisms detrimental to plant health. The application of Kasugamycin has been an important tool for integrated pest management programs focusing on sustainable agricultural practices. As a compound with a specific mode of activity, it helps to reduce the environmental impact typically associated with broader-spectrum antibiotics, while offering target-specific disease control. Its careful application supports the minimization of resistance development, ensuring continued efficacy in protecting crop yields.

Clindamycin-d3 hydrochloride is an isotopically labeled pharmaceutical compound, specifically designed for use in the field of analytical chemistry and pharmacokinetics. It is derived from clindamycin, a known antibiotic sourced from modifications of the naturally occurring compound lincomycin, produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces lincolnensis. The incorporation of deuterium atoms, replacing hydrogen, allows for its use in sophisticated analytical methods such as mass spectrometry, where it serves to trace the metabolic pathways and to quantify the bioavailability and distribution of clindamycin in biological systems with high precision.

<p>Tri-O-benzyl FR 900098 is a chemical compound, often referenced in biochemical research contexts. It is a synthetic derivative that originates from complex chemical synthesis, involving multiple benzylation steps to modify the original molecular framework. This structural transformation lends the compound unique chemical properties.</p>

<p>Tridehydro pirlimycin is an antibiotic compound, which is a synthetic derivative with origins in the lincosamide family. It is characterized by its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, leading to a bacteriostatic effect. The compound is primarily developed for its use in veterinary medicine, particularly in the treatment and management of bacterial infections in animals.</p>

<p>Clindamycin 4-phosphate is a semi-synthetic antibiotic, which is a derivative of the natural antibiotic lincomycin. It is specifically synthesized from Streptomyces lincolnensis cultures. The mode of action of Clindamycin 4-phosphate involves inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thus preventing peptide chain elongation and subsequent bacterial growth.</p>

<p>Vancomycin aglycon is a glycopeptide antibiotic, which is a derivative of vancomycin. It is sourced from the fermentation products of certain Amycolatopsis species, a genus of actinobacteria. The mode of action of vancomycin aglycon involves the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It specifically binds to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan chains, thereby preventing the cross-linking that is crucial for maintaining cell wall integrity.</p>

<p>Thiamphenicol is a semisynthetic derivative of chloramphenicol with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating bacterial infections, particularly in veterinary medicine.</p>

Inducer of DNA strand breaks; glycopeptide antibiotic, anti-neoplastic

<p>Mitomycin D is an antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agent known for its ability to inhibit DNA synthesis, making it a potent antitumor agent. It is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces caespitosus*. Mitomycin D functions as a DNA crosslinking agent by alkylating the DNA strands, which interferes with DNA replication and transcription. This mechanism leads to the cessation of cellular division and ultimately induces apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells.</p>

<p>Borrelidin is a potent antibiotic of the polyketide class, which is isolated from various Streptomyces species. Its mode of action is characterized by its inhibition of threonyl-tRNA synthetase, effectively disrupting protein synthesis within bacteria. Additionally, Borrelidin is known for its unique anti-angiogenic properties, which result from the inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, making it a compound of interest in cancer research.</p>

<p>Vancomycin CDP-1 is a degradation product of vancomycin with no direct therapeutic action but used in research for analytical method development and validation.</p>

<p>Lydicamycin is an antibacterial compound, which is a polyketide-derived antibiotic produced by the microorganism Streptomyces. This natural compound functions by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, effectively interrupting critical cellular processes within susceptible bacteria. The mode of action primarily focuses on binding to the bacterial ribosome, thereby disrupting protein production and inhibiting bacterial growth.</p>

<p>Loracarbef monohydrate is a synthetic antibiotic, which is derived from carbacephem compounds with a mode of action that involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is achieved by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, thereby blocking the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains which are crucial for bacterial cell wall structural integrity.</p>

Cefacetrile sodium is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the cephalosporin class. It is a semi-synthetic derivative sourced from cephalosporin C, a naturally occurring compound derived from the Acremonium fungus. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This occurs by binding to penicillin-binding proteins within the bacterial cell membrane, ultimately leading to cell lysis and death due to the inability to synthesize peptidoglycan, a critical component of the bacterial cell wall.

<p>Sulfadiazine is a sulfonamide antibiotic with action on bacterial folate synthesis inhibition and is used for treating toxoplasmosis and urinary tract infections.</p>

Tobramycin is used to treat severe infections with gram-negative bacteria and it is often applied in combination with beta-lactams. It has similar antimicrobial effects to gentamicin and is effective against all Enterobacteriacae, but more effective than gentamicin against P. aeruginosa, which is why it is often used for gentamicin-resistant strains, especially in the case of cystic fibrosis.

Erythromycin derivative