Antibiotiques

Amicoumacin B is a potent antibiotic, which is isolated from the bacterial species Bacillus pumilus. It acts by inhibiting protein synthesis, targeting the ribosomal 30S subunit and disrupting translational fidelity in bacterial cells. This interference in protein production leads to the effective elimination of various Gram-positive and certain Gram-negative bacteria.

Ceftazidime is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). It is used to treat many bacteria infections including pneumonia and septicaemia. It has shown to be effective against some treatment-resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic and is used for the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly skin infections. It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of bactoprenol.

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; macrolide class

Pefloxacin is a mesylate prodrug that is converted to pefloxacin in the body. The optimum concentration for pefloxacin is 2 µg/mL, and it has been shown to be active against gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis. Pefloxacin has also been shown to inhibit the growth of human leukemia cells (HL-60) and drug interactions have been documented with this drug. Pefloxacin is not active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium complex.

Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis, particularly targeting multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and is used for treating complicated urinary tract infections and hospital-acquired pneumonia.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic of cephalosporin class, which inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by targeting the penicillin-binding protein, involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. This third-generation cephalosporin is very active against Pseudomonas species and can also be used to treat bacterial meningitis as it penetrates in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Anthracycline is a class of chemotherapy drugs, which are anthraquinone antibiotics derived from the bacterial genus Streptomyces. They exert their therapeutic effects primarily through intercalation into DNA, disrupting the function of enzymes such as topoisomerase II, thus preventing the transcription and replication processes in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Furthermore, they generate free radicals, leading to oxidative stress and subsequent cell damage. These mechanisms collectively result in apoptosis of malignant cells. Anthracyclines are utilized extensively in oncology for the treatment of various malignancies, including leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer, and sarcomas. The efficacy of anthracyclines in inhibiting tumor growth must be balanced against their cardiotoxic potential, which is a significant consideration in their clinical use. This dual nature makes them both pivotal and challenging in chemotherapy regimens, necessitating careful management and monitoring throughout treatment.