Hydrazines

3,5-Dimethylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride is a chemical compound that is used as a reagent in biochemistry and molecular biology. It reacts with proteins to form stable covalent bonds. This reaction can be used to modify the active site of an enzyme or to create affinity labels for protein purification. 3,5-Dimethylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride can also react with a pyrrole group on the side chain of phenylalanine residues to form an affinity label that allows it to bind specifically to myoglobin. The modification of myoglobin alters its structure and its ability to bind oxygen, which results in a shift in the wavelength at which it absorbs light.

2-Naphthylhydrazine is a synthetic chemical that has an affinity for substrate binding sites. It is used as an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and can be used to study the function of MAO. 2-Naphthylhydrazine binds to the enzyme MAO, preventing it from breaking down amines, an important class of neurotransmitters. 2-Naphthylhydrazine also inhibits the activity of cytochrome P450 reductase, which is involved in drug metabolism. This chemical can be used in the synthesis of indocyanine green and methylbenzene. The reactivity of hydrazines with carbonyl groups in amines and anhydrous sodium phosphate leads to bond cleavage and release of ammonia gas.

4-Chlorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride is a chemical compound that contains a pyrazole ring, chlorine and anhydrous sodium. This substance is used as a reactant in the production of diazonium salts. 4-Chlorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride also inhibits the reaction of benzodiazepines with their binding site on the GABA receptor, which prevents the formation of reactive intermediates. It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on wastewater treatment and can be used for the treatment of acidic water. 4-Chlorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride reacts with fluorescence probes to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrogen bonds that are used for determining pH values in solution.