Silanes

Aromatic Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
Arylsilane Cross-Coupling Agent
The cross-coupling reaction is a highly useful methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. It involves two reagents, with one typically being a suitable organometallic reagent - the nucleophile - and the other a suitable organic substrate, normally an unsaturated halide, tosylate or similar - the electrophile.
Phenylmethyldichlorosilane; Methylphenyldichlorosilane; Dichloromethylphenylsilane
Viscosity, 20 °C: 1.2 cStΔHvap: 48.1 kJ/molVapor pressure, 82.5 °C: 13 mmMonomer for high temperature siliconesReacts well under the influence of NaOH versus fluoride activation w/ aryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides

Tipped PEG Silane (363.83 g/mol)
PEO, Trichlorosilane termination utilized for hydrophilic surface modificationDual functional PEGylation reagentForms self-assembled monolayers with "hydrophilic tips"Hydrogen bonding hydrophilic silane
Related Products
SIM6493.3: 2-[METHOXY(TRIETHYLENEOXY)]- (11-TRIETHOXYSILYL)UNDECANOATE, tech-95

Trialkylsilyl Blocking Agent
Used as a protecting group for reactive hydrogens in alcohols, amines, thiols, and carboxylic acids. Organosilanes are hydrogen-like, can be introduced in high yield, and can be removed under selective conditions. They are stable over a wide range of reaction conditions and can be removed in the presence of other functional groups, including other protecting groups. The tolerance of silylated alcohols to chemical transformations summary is presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure.
N,N-Dimethylaminotriethylsilane; Triethylsilyldimethylamine
Very reactive triethylsilyl protecting groupDimethylamine by-product producedUsed primarily for the protection of alcoholsCan be used to protect amines and carboxylic acidsSummary of selective deprotection conditions is provided in Table 7 through Table 20 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure

SIVATE A610 (Activated AMEO)
Activated silane blend of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (SIA0610.0) and (1-(3-triethoxysilyl)propyl)-2,2-diethoxy-1-aza-silacyclopentane (SIT8187.2)Reacts at high speed (seconds compared to hours)Does not require moisture or hydrolysis to initiate surface reactivityReacts with a greater variety of substratesPrimer for high speed UV cure systems (e.g. acrylated urethanes)
Activated Amine Functional Trialkoxy Silane
Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials.

Diamino Functional Trialkoxy Silane
Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials.
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; N-[3-(Triethoxysilyl)propyl]-1,2-ethanediamine; N-[3-(Triethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine
Primary amine with an internal secondary amine coupling agent for UV cure and epoxy systemsUsed in microparticle surface modificationSlower hydrolysis rate than SIA0591.0 and SIA0592.6

Trimethylsilyl Blocking Agent
Used as a protecting group for reactive hydrogens in alcohols, amines, thiols, and carboxylic acids. Organosilanes are hydrogen-like, can be introduced in high yield, and can be removed under selective conditions. They are stable over a wide range of reaction conditions and can be removed in the presence of other functional groups, including other protecting groups. The tolerance of silylated alcohols to chemical transformations summary is presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure.
1- Methoxy-1-trimethysiloxy-2-methyl-1-propene; Methyl(trimethylsilyl)dimethylketene acetal; 1-Methoxy-2-methyl-1-(trimethylsiloxy)propene
Used for silylation of acids, alcohols, thiols, amides and ketonesNafion SAC-13 has been shown to be a recyclable catalyst for the trimethylsilylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols in excellent yields and short reaction timesSummary of selective deprotection conditions is provided in Table 7 through Table 20 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure

(3-Glycidoxypropyl)dimethylethoxysilane; 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxypropyl)dimethylethoxysilane
Epoxy functional monoalkoxy silaneUsed in microparticle surface modificationCoupling agent for UV cure and epoxy systemsEpoxy silane treated surfaces convert to hydrophilic-diols when exposed to moisture

Alkynylsilane Cross-Coupling Agent
The cross-coupling reaction is a highly useful methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. It involves two reagents, with one typically being a suitable organometallic reagent - the nucleophile - and the other a suitable organic substrate, normally an unsaturated halide, tosylate or similar - the electrophile.
1-Trimethylsilylpropyne; Propynyltrimethylsilane; 1-(Trimethylsilyl)prop-1-yne
Forms polymers with very high oxygen permeabilityUseful in Sonogashira reactionsPolymerization catalyzed with TaCl5/(C6H5)3BiConverts aldehydes to 1,3-dienes in presence of Cp2Zr(H)ClUsed in the preparation of alkynylxenon fluoridePolymeric version available, SSP-070Extensive review of silicon based cross-coupling agents: Denmark, S. E. et al. "Organic Reactions, Volume 75" Denmark, S. E. ed., John Wiley and Sons, 233, 2011

Diamine Functional Polymeric Silane
Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials.
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxsilane-propyltrimethoxysilane,N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine-(trimethoxysilyl)propane, oligomeric co-hydrolysate
Cohydrolysate of SIA0591.1 and SIP6918.0

Alkenylsilane Cross-Coupling Agent
The cross-coupling reaction is a highly useful methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. It involves two reagents, with one typically being a suitable organometallic reagent - the nucleophile - and the other a suitable organic substrate, normally an unsaturated halide, tosylate or similar - the electrophile.
1,3-Divinyltetramethyldisiloxane; Diethenyltetramethyldisiloxane; Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane; Divinyltetramethyldisiloxane
Silicone end-capperPotential vinyl nucleophile in cross-coupling reactionsModifier for vinyl addition silicone formulationsPotential vinyl donor in cross-coupling reactionsExtensive review of silicon based cross-coupling agents: Denmark, S. E. et al. "Organic Reactions, Volume 75" Denmark, S. E. ed., John Wiley and Sons, 233, 2011

Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (HMCTS, D3)
Undergoes ring-opening anionic polymerizationReacts with three equivalents of an organolithium reagent to give derivatized dimethylsilanols

Triethoxysilyl modified poly-1,2-butadiene; vinyltriethoxysilane-1,2-butadiene copolymer; triethoxysilyl modified poly(1,2-butadiene)
Multi-functional polymeric trialkoxy silane50% in volatile silicone (decamethylcyclopentasiloxane)Hydrophobic modified polybutadieneViscosity: 600-1200 cStPrimer coating for silicone rubbers

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
n-Decyltrichlorosilane; Trichlorosilyldecane; Trichlorodecylsilane

Tipped PEG Silane (438.68 g/mol)
PEG3C11 Silane3,3-Dimethoxy-2,15,18,24-pentaoxa-3-silapentacosanePEO, Trimethoxysilane termination utilized for hydrophilic surface modificationPEGylation reagentHydrogen bonding hydrophilic silane

Volatile Higher Silane
Volatile higher silanes are low temperature, high deposition rate precursors. By appropriate selection of precursor and deposition conditions, silicon deposition can be shifted from amorphous hydrogenated silicon toward microcrystalline silicon structures. As the number of silicon atoms increases beyond two, electrons are capable of sigma–sigma bond conjugation. The dissociative adsorption of two of the three hydrogen atoms on terminal silicon atoms has a lower energy barrier.
Isotetrasilane; (Trisilyl)silane; 2-Silyltrisilane
PYROPHORICAIR TRANSPORT FORBIDDEN?Hvap: 32.5 kJ/molPrecursor for low temp. epitaxy of doped crystalline siliconEmployed in low temperature CVD of amorphous silicon

(N-Cyclohexylaminomethyl)triethoxysilane; [(triethoxysilyl)methyl]aminocyclohexane
Secondary amino functional trialkoxy silaneInternal secondary amine coupling agent for UV cure and epoxy systemsUsed in microparticle surface modification

Phenyl-Containing Blocking Agent
Used as a protecting group for reactive hydrogens in alcohols, amines, thiols, and carboxylic acids. Organosilanes are hydrogen-like, can be introduced in high yield, and can be removed under selective conditions. They are stable over a wide range of reaction conditions and can be removed in the presence of other functional groups, including other protecting groups. The tolerance of silylated alcohols to chemical transformations summary is presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure.
Aromatic Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
Diphenyltetramethyldisilazane; N-(Dimethylphenylsilyl)-1,1-dimethyl-1-phenyl silane amine; N-(Dimethylphenylsilyl)-1,1-dimethyl-1-phenylsilylamine
Similar to SIP6728.0Emits ammonia upon reactionUsed for silylation of capillary columnsSummary of selective deprotection conditions is provided in Table 7 through Table 20 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure

Olefin Functional Alkoxy Silane
Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials.
Dipodal Silane
Dipodal silanes are a series of adhesion promoters that have intrinsic hydrolytic stabilities up to ~10,000 times greater than conventional silanes and are used in applications such as plastic optics, multilayer printed circuit boards and as adhesive primers for ferrous and nonferrous metals. They have the ability to form up to six bonds to a substrate compared to conventional silanes with the ability to form only three bonds to a substrate. Many conventional coupling agents are frequently used in combination with 10-40% of a non-functional dipodal silane, where the conventional coupling agent provides the appropriate functionality for the application, and the non-functional dipodal silane provides increased durability. Dipodal silanes additives enhance hydrolytic stability, which impacts on increased product shelf life, ensures better substrate bonding and also leads to improved mechanical properties in coatings as well as composite applications.
1,2-Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene; 4,4,7,7-Tetraethoxy-3,8-dioxa-4,7-disiladec-5-ene
~80% trans isomerForms ethylene-bridged mesoporous silicas

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
n-Decyltriethoxysilane; Triethoxysilyldecane
Trialkoxy silane

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
ω-Butylpoly(dimethylsiloxanyl)ethyltriethoxysilane; α-Butyl-ω-triethoxysilylethyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane
5-8 (Me2SiO)Hydrophobic surface treatment

Fluoroalkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
[Perfluoro(polypropyleneoxy)]methoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; (1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyl)trimethoxysilane; Heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane
Contact angle, water: 112 ° 20% in fluorinated hydrocarbonTrialkoxy silane