Silanes

Alkyl Silane - Dipodal Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
Non Functional Alkoxy Silane
Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials.
Dipodal Silane
Dipodal silanes are a series of adhesion promoters that have intrinsic hydrolytic stabilities up to ~10,000 times greater than conventional silanes and are used in applications such as plastic optics, multilayer printed circuit boards and as adhesive primers for ferrous and nonferrous metals. They have the ability to form up to six bonds to a substrate compared to conventional silanes with the ability to form only three bonds to a substrate. Many conventional coupling agents are frequently used in combination with 10-40% of a non-functional dipodal silane, where the conventional coupling agent provides the appropriate functionality for the application, and the non-functional dipodal silane provides increased durability. Also known as bis-silanes additives enhance hydrolytic stability, which impacts on increased product shelf life, ensures better substrate bonding and also leads to improved mechanical properties in coatings as well as composite applications.
Bis(triethoxysilyl)methane; 4,4,6,6-tetraethoxy-3,7-dioxa-4,6-disilanonane
Intermediate for sol-gel coatings, hybrid inorganic-organic polymersForms methylene-bridged mesoporous structuresForms modified silica membranes that separate propylene/propane mixtures

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
n-Propyltrichlorosilane; Trichloropropylsilane
ΔHvap: 36.4 kJ/molVapor pressure, 16 °C: 10 mm

Bis[m-(2-triethoxysilylethyl)tolyl]polysulfide
Sulfur functional dipodal silaneDark, viscous liquid Coupling agent for styrene-butadiene rubber, SBR

N-n-Butyl-aza-2,2-dimethoxysilacyclopentane
Amine functional dialkoxy silaneCross-linking cyclic azasilaneCoupling agent for nanoparticlesInterlayer bonding agent for anti-reflective lensesConventional analog available: SIB1932.2

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
Ethyltrimethoxysilane; Trimethoxysilylethane; Trimethoxyethylsilane
Viscosity: 0.5 cStΔHcomb: 14,336 kJ/molDevelops clear resin coating systems more readily than methyltrimethoxysilaneTrialkoxy silane

Aromatic Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
3-Phenoxypropyldimethylchlorosilane; (3-Dimethylchlorosilylpropoxy)benzene

Fluorinated Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
(Heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl)trimethoxysilane; (1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyl)trimethoxysilane; Heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane
Packaged over copper powderTreated surface contact angle, water: 115 °Cγc of treated surfaces: 12 mN/mSurface modification of titanium and silica substrates reduces coefficient of frictionForms inorganic hybrids with photoinduceable refractive index reductionTrialkoxy silane

Tipped PEG Silane (459-591 g/mol)
Methoxy-PEG-9C3-silanePEO, Trimethoxysilane termination utilized for hydrophilic surface modificationForms charge neutral coatings on CdSe quantum dots which conjugate DNAPEGylation reagentReduces non-specific binding of proteinsHydrogen bonding hydrophilic silane

Diamino Functional Trialkoxy Silane
Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials.
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine; DAMO
For higher purity see SIA0591.1 Viscosity: 6.5 cStγc of treated surfaces: 36.5 mN/mSpecific wetting surface: 358 m2/gCoefficient of thermal expansion: 0.8x10-3Coupling agent for polyamides, polycarbonates (e.g. in CDs), polyesters and copper/brass adhesionFilm-forming coupling agent/primer, berglass size componentFor cyclic version: SID3543.0 For pre-hydrolyzed version: SIA0590.0 Used in the immobilization of copper (II) catalyst on silicaUsed together w/ SID3396.0 to anchor PdCl2 catalyst to silica for acceleration of the Tsuji-Trost reaction in the allylation of nucleophilesDetermined by TGA a 25% weight loss of dried hydrolysates at 390 °CAvailable as a cohydrolysate with n-propyltrimethoxysilane (SIP6918.0) ; see SIA0591.3

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
n-Propyldimethylmethoxysilane; Methoxypropyldimethylsilane
Monoalkoxy silane

Trialkylsilyl Blocking Agent
Used as a protecting group for reactive hydrogens in alcohols, amines, thiols, and carboxylic acids. Organosilanes are hydrogen-like, can be introduced in high yield, and can be removed under selective conditions. They are stable over a wide range of reaction conditions and can be removed in the presence of other functional groups, including other protecting groups. The tolerance of silylated alcohols to chemical transformations summary is presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure.
tert-Butyldimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulfonate; TBS-OTf; t-Butyldimethylsilyltriflate
More reactive than SIB1935.0Converts acetates to TBS ethersUsed for the protection of alcohols, amines, thiols, lactams, and carboxylic acidsClean NMR characteristics of protecting groupFacile removal with flouride ion sourcesSummary of selective deprotection conditions is provided in Table 7 through Table 20 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure

Phenyl-Containing Blocking Agent
Used as a protecting group for reactive hydrogens in alcohols, amines, thiols, and carboxylic acids. Organosilanes are hydrogen-like, can be introduced in high yield, and can be removed under selective conditions. They are stable over a wide range of reaction conditions and can be removed in the presence of other functional groups, including other protecting groups. The tolerance of silylated alcohols to chemical transformations summary is presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure.
Aromatic Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
Phenyldimethylchlorosilane; Chlorodimethylphenylsilane; Dimethylphenylchlorosilane
Viscosity: 1.4 cStΔHvap: 47.7 kJ/molVapor pressure, 25 °: 1 mmForms cuprateUsed in analytical proceduresSummary of selective deprotection conditions is provided in Table 7 through Table 20 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
Ethyltrichlorosilane; Trichloroethylsilane
Viscosity: 0.48 cStΔHcomb: -2,696 kJ/molΔHform: -84 kJ/molΔHvap: 37.7 kJ/molΔHfus: 7.0 kJ/molDipole moment: 2.1Vapor pressure, 20 °C: 26 mmVapor pressure, 30.4 °C: 66 mmCritical temperature: 287 °CCoefficient of thermal expansion: 1.5 x 10-3Employed in the cobalt-catalyzed Diels-Alder approach to 1,3-disubstituted and 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzenes

Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent
Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.
Tetrakis(dimethylsiloxy)silane; M'4Q; 3,3-Bis(dimethylsiloxy)-1,1,5,5-tetramethyltrisiloxane
Viscosity: 1.1 cStCrosslinker for vinyl functional siliconesHigh molecular weight silane reducing agentExtensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007

(3- Glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane; 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane; trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane; 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl glycidyl ether; GLYMO
Epoxy functional trialkoxy silaneViscosity: 3.2 cStγc of treated surfaces: 38.55 mN/mSpecific wetting surface area: 331 m2/gComponent in aluminum metal bonding adhesivesCoupling agent for epoxy composites employed in electronic "chip" encapsulationComponent in abrasion resistant coatings for plastic opticsUsed to prepare epoxy-containing hybrid organic-inorganic materialsUsed in microparticle surface modificationEpoxy silane treated surfaces convert to hydrophilic-diols when exposed to moisture