Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Piperazine-1-sulfonamide is a protein inhibitor that belongs to the group of regulatory agents. It is used to regulate the growth of various types of cells, including immune cells and smooth muscle cells. Piperazine-1-sulfonamide has been shown to inhibit chemokine receptor activity in inflammatory bowel disease, which may be due to its ability to inhibit CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors. This drug also inhibits dpp-iv, an enzyme involved in protein degradation. The pharmacokinetic properties of this agent are not well studied, but it does show toxicity studies in rats at higher doses. Piperazine-1-sulfonamide can cause congestive heart failure and liver damage at high doses, so it should not be used for prolonged periods of time.

3-Iododibenzofuran is a fluorescent compound that has been used as a probe for the study of neutral endopeptidase activity. The compound is characterized by a high degree of thermal stability and an inhibitory potency at pH 7.0 that is approximately 3 orders of magnitude greater than that of the active site inhibitor, anthracene. 3-Iododibenzofuran can be synthesized using chemoenzymatic methods, with efficiencies and profiles that are similar to those obtained in the conventional method. This probe can also be used to investigate the functional role of proteins in living cells or tissues.
3-Iodobenzofuran has been shown to have pressor effects in rats and can cause tetrazole (a type of explosive) to detonate when heated, which makes it unsuitable for use in devices such as explosives or pyrotechnics.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-(Thiomorpholine-4-sulfonyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid is a peptide that belongs to the class of sulfonamides. It is an activator of ion channels and receptors, which may be useful in the study of life sciences and pharmacology. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein interactions by binding to receptor sites on cells and ligand sites on proteins. 4-(Thiomorpholine-4-sulfonyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid also binds to the antibody, which enhances the immune response in animals by increasing the production of antibodies against bacterial antigens.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Chloro-6-(chloromethyl)pyridine (2C6CP) is a chloride precursor that can be used for the synthesis of metal chlorides, such as copper chlorides. 2C6CP is synthesized by reacting thionyl chloride with the substituted pyridine under anhydrous conditions at -78°C. The resultant 2C6CP is then hydrolyzed to produce the desired chloride.
2C6CP has been shown to act as a ligand in coordination chemistry. It was first synthesized by reacting 3-chloropyridine with thionyl chloride and then hydrolyzing it to 2-chloropyridine. This method was later modified to use 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride instead of 3-chloropyridine, producing 2,4-dichloropyridine.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Research has shown that (4-Ethoxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amine (EMBA) is a potent inhibitor of bacterial growth. The alkylation of EMBA with methylamine and benzene leads to the formation of aureus, which is an antibiotic that can be used to treat staphylococcus infections. In addition, EMBA can also be methylated with hydroxylamine to form benzylamine, a compound that inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall in bacteria. These properties make EMBA an effective antimicrobial agent.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Benzothiophene-5-carbonitrile is a heterocyclic compound that is formed by condensation of ethyl azidoacetate with indole under catalysis. It can be used in the synthesis of heterocycles. The yield of 1-benzothiophene-5-carbonitrile is about 56%.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Benzyne is a reactive intermediate that is formed by the tautomerization of 5-bromo-1,3-dimethylpyridin-2(1H)-one. It is an adduct between a bromine atom and a benzene ring. This compound has been shown to react with electron-rich olefins to form bicyclic compounds called diels-alder adducts. These reactions are often catalyzed by metals, such as palladium or nickel. Benzyne also reacts with triple bonds or other electron rich centers to form benzyne adducts, which are highly reactive and can be used as chemical probes for electron density in molecules.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Acetylmorpholine is a recycled amide that is synthesized from an alkanolamine and an acylation reaction. It has been used in the dehydrating of organic compounds, such as reaction solution, and for the preparation of acrylamide. 4-Acetylmorpholine is also used as a viscosity control agent in the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons. Its chemical structure consists of a carbonyl group and an aromatic hydrocarbon. 4-Acetylmorpholine can be synthesized by reacting acetaldehyde with ammonia or thiourea with methyl chloride or ethylene oxide.

Dec-9-ynoic acid is a synthetic fatty acid that is a precursor to several biologically important substances. It is labile and easily oxidized by air, light, or heat. Dec-9-ynoic acid has been shown to be a central metabolic intermediate for the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It can also be converted into linolenic acid, which is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. Dec-9-ynoic acid exists in two geometric isomers: cis and trans. The cis form exhibits kinetic properties that are different from the trans form. Dec-9-ynoic acid has been studied as a potential treatment for human diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and depression.

4-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is a hydrocarbon with a carboxylic acid group. It can act as an antagonist to the hydrocarbon receptor (HCR). 4-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid has been shown to be effective in treating colon cancer cells in vitro, and has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vivo. This compound is also effective at inhibiting the proliferation of human colon cancer cells (Caco2) that have been exposed to benzo(a)pyrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon found in cigarette smoke. The mechanism by which this drug inhibits cell proliferation is not fully understood but may involve inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), which metabolizes benzo(a)pyrene into carcinogenic intermediates. 4-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid has also been shown to be anisotropic and microreactor, meaning

3-Fluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl fluoride is a chemical compound that can be used as a catalyst to synthesize organic compounds. It is a colorless liquid, which is soluble in water and organic solvents. This catalyst has been shown to be more efficient than the traditional catalysts, such as tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, potassium fluoride or sodium borohydride. 3-Fluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl fluoride also reacts with nitro groups to produce dinitro compounds, which are valuable synthetic intermediates for the production of dyes and pharmaceuticals. The synthesis of this compound can be carried out in high yields with stoichiometric amounts of reactants.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-(Methylsulfonyl)benzyl alcohol is a ketone that inhibits the catalytic hydrogenation of benzyl groups. It also has been shown to be an antagonist of β-adrenergic receptors. 3-(Methylsulfonyl)benzyl alcohol is used as a catalyst in catalytic bromination and has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Ethylpyridin-4-amine is a pyridine that can be synthesized from the amination of 4-nitrophenol. It can also be synthesized by acylation of 2-ethylpyridine with ethyl chloroformate followed by cyclization. This compound has shown to have high yields in reactions involving pyridines and it is often used as a precursor for other compounds.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

5-Fluoro-2-nitrobenzoyl chloride is a conformationally locked macrocyclic compound that has been synthesized by solid phase synthesis. It is found in two conformational states and can be made to switch between these two states by applying a force to the molecule. This conformation can be controlled by changing the side chain of 5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzoyl chloride, which can be done experimentally. The conformational behavior of this macrocycle was studied using molecular dynamics simulations and it was found that there are four possible conformations for the molecule. The conformations with different side chains were found to have different energies, which could be used as a measure of their relative stability.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

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Versatile small molecule scaffold

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.