Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Chloroisoquinolin-4-ol is a phenylpyrimidine with anti-inflammatory properties. It is used in the treatment of sensitivity and mediated diseases, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. 1-Chloroisoquinolin-4-ol inhibits the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are enzymes that break down collagen and other proteins in the body. The inhibition of MMPs by 1-chloroisoquinolin-4-ol leads to reduced inflammation and pain. This compound is also an effective inhibitor of the activities of chloride channels involved in acid secretion by cells in the stomach lining, thus inhibiting acid production. 1-Chloroisoquinolin-4-ol has been shown to have anticholesterolemic effects on liver cells due to its ability to inhibit cholesterol synthesis through inhibition of HMG CoA

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Ethyl 2-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetate is a hydroxy derivative of the amino acid tyrosine. It inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA. This in turn affects dopamine synthesis and has an inhibitory effect on rat brain. Ethyl 2-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetate also inhibits methylmagnesium borohydride in vitro, which is a reagent that breaks down esters, amides, and nitriles. Tyrosine hydroxylase is inhibited by the presence of two hydroxy groups on the ethyl side chain and one hydroxy group on the indole ring. It can be used as a structural analogue for other drugs that are used to treat Parkinson's disease or depression.

3-Phenylbut-2-enoic acid is a prochiral, carbonyl compound that can be used in the synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic studies have shown that 3-phenylbut-2-enoic acid is a catalytic hydrogenation reagent that converts prochiral substrates to their corresponding chiral products. When combined with binap and butenoic acid, 3-phenylbut-2-enoic acid can catalyze the asymmetric synthesis of butenoate. The reaction yields high enantiomeric excesses and good yields.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

6-Chloro-9-(propan-2-yl)-9H-purine is an intermediate in the synthesis of nucleoside analogues. It is obtained by the catalyzed reaction of acetonitrile and purines, which undergoes regioisomerization to form a mixture of 6-chloro-9-(propyl)- and 6-chloro-9-(butyl)purine. This intermediate can be used for the alkynylation of amino acids or peptides with alkynes. The selective formation of one regioisomer can be achieved by using a chiral catalyst or by reacting with an optically active reagent such as (+)-camphor sulfonic acid.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Ethylpyridin-4-amine is a pyridine that can be synthesized from the amination of 4-nitrophenol. It can also be synthesized by acylation of 2-ethylpyridine with ethyl chloroformate followed by cyclization. This compound has shown to have high yields in reactions involving pyridines and it is often used as a precursor for other compounds.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

5-Phenyl-1H-pyrazin-2-one is a potent inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, which is an enzyme that regulates the activity of cells by transferring phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosine residues. This drug binds to the ATP binding site, resulting in inhibition of the enzyme's activity and reduced cell proliferation. 5-Phenyl-1H-pyrazin-2-one has been shown to be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, with no adverse effects on bone metabolism or blood pressure. It also has no effect on platelet aggregation or erythrocytes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3,5-Dichlorophthalic acid is a divalent organic acid that is used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals. 3,5-Dichlorophthalic acid is used as a regulator of plant growth and development. It can also be used to make different n-substituted compounds, such as naphthalene, phthalic anhydride, and 2,6-dichloro-pyridine.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,4-Dibromo-6-nitroaniline is a nitro compound that has been used in the production of dyes. It is also used as a component in the synthesis of other organic compounds. 2,4-Dibromo-6-nitroaniline can be produced by electrolysis of an acid solution containing radical cations and benzene. The radical cations are formed by proton transfer from the acid to the benzene, followed by electron transfer from benzene to the electrode. This process results in the formation of nitro groups on the benzene ring, which undergoes oxidation to form 2,4-dibromo-6-nitroaniline. The cyclic voltammetry shows that this process occurs via two pathways: one with a fast rate and one with a slow rate. The mechanism for this reaction is not yet known.

2-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole is a 2-phenyloxazole with an oxygen atom at the 1 position. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and has antibacterial properties. This chemical can be used as a catalyst for the synthesis of organic compounds. 2-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole reacts with nitro groups to form oxime derivatives and has been shown to inhibit the growth of fungi such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 2-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole can also be used as an antifungal agent against Trichophyton rubrum.
2-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole may be synthesized by reacting phenol with acetone in the presence of nitric acid or sulfuric acid. The structural formula for this compound is

1,2-Diethylbenzene is a trifluoroacetic acid derivative that is used as an acylation agent and a solid catalyst. 1,2-Diethylbenzene has been shown to increase the energy metabolism in cultured human cells. It also influences fatty acid synthesis and nmr spectra of plant families. 1,2-Diethylbenzene was found to be safe for use in sciatic nerve regeneration in Sprague-Dawley rats with axonopathy. This chemical can also be used as an analytical reagent for the separation of urine samples by liquid chromatography methods.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

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2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.