Building Blocks

3,5-Dichlorophthalic acid is a divalent organic acid that is used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals. 3,5-Dichlorophthalic acid is used as a regulator of plant growth and development. It can also be used to make different n-substituted compounds, such as naphthalene, phthalic anhydride, and 2,6-dichloro-pyridine.

1,3-Diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione (1) is a new fungicide that was shown to have fungicidal activity in vitro against the grapevine pathogens Plasmopara viticola and Plasmopara obducens. This compound has been isolated from the plant Express erythroxylum coca (Erythroxylum coca). The compound belongs to the class of diaza spiro compounds and is a member of a family of diaza spiro compounds with antifungal activity. One possible mode of action for 1 is that it inhibits the synthesis of DNA by binding to bacterial DNA gyrase.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane is a diphenyl ether that has been shown to have an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectrum in the human serum that is similar to those of other known antioxidants. Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane has been shown to protect against light-induced damage in human skin cells, and it also has radiation protective effects. Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane has also been shown to interact with trimethylolpropane, which is another antioxidant, and this interaction may affect the effectiveness of each agent. Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane inhibits lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the oxidation of fatty acids and hydroxyl groups on proteins.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Methylsulfonylthiophene is a modulating agent that can inhibit the activity of carbonic anhydrase, adenosine receptors and 5-membered heteroaryl. It has been shown to have affinity for CB1 receptor antagonists and is used to treat cardiovascular diseases. 2-Methylsulfonylthiophene also inhibits the enzymatic activity of anhydrase in the eye, which leads to suppression of intraocular pressure (IOP). The drug also has anti-glaucoma effects by reducing the production of aqueous humour. 2-Methylsulfonylthiophene is used as a dyestuff intermediate and as an organic solvent.

Cyclopropyl(3,4-dimethylphenyl)methanone (CPM) is a synthetic cannabinoid that has been shown to have similar effects to the natural cannabinoids found in cannabis. CPM binds to and activates the CB2 receptor, which is found on cells of the immune system, brain, and other organs. It has been studied for its ability to reduce glioma tumor growth in mice by inhibiting glutamate release. The molecular modeling study showed that CPM binds to the receptor with a geometry similar to other CB2 agonists like JWH-133. In addition, CPM inhibits locomotor activity in rats and has been shown to produce some symptoms of anxiety in mice. A receptor knockout study with mice showed that CPM can bind to CB2 receptors without activating them. X-ray diffraction data indicated that CPM is an achiral molecule with an idealized molecular geometry of "s".

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

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3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.